In recent years, the transition to the digital economy (platform, gig-economy, it-economy) has been actively developing all over the world. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of digitalization by foreign countries, shows the contribution of the digital economy to the GDP of countries, as well as provides an overview of changes in the legal field and in the manufacturing sector, aimed at digitalization of the industry. For the transition to the digital economy, regulatory documents have been prepared, and each state program plans to create a separate section on the development of the digital economy. According to analysts, digital transformation is one of the main factors of global economic growth, and the digitalization of the economy in the Russian Federation will increase GDP by a third by 2025. Digitalization of agriculture will increase production, improve the quality and safety of food products. Blockchain technology will track the entire history of each product, and smart contracts will simplify access to the international market for small and medium-sized agricultural producers. Due to the absence (maximum reduction) of the number of intermediaries, consumer prices for products will decrease, and the price of producers, on the contrary, will increase. By 2024, it is planned to increase productivity growth by 2 times in the "digital" agricultural enterprises. All this will be achieved due to lower production costs, higher yields, increased gross margin, expansion of the market, attracting highly qualified specialists and investors in the agricultural sector. As a result of the project, a significant multiplier effect is expected in other areas, which will improve the economic performance of the country as a whole.

The aim of the present work was evaluation of the current state and leading directions in selection of leaf and spicy-aromatic vegetables crops belonging to the Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Chenopodiaceae families. Analysis of leaf and spicy aromatic plant production revealed that at present time these crops become more and more popular. Being a source of essential to human organism vitamins, antioxidants and biologically active compounds they enrich food with marvelous taste and aroma. The main directions in the selection of these crops and presented database of leaf and spicy-aromatic crops genebank promote the selection process optimization. Modern varieties of leaf and spicy-aromatic crops of Federal Scientific Vegetable Center selection are considered to be competitive and promising for import substitution.

The article is devoted to the problem of obtaining regenerative plant varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Bouquet, Emerald, Chameleon (FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center). Salad culture is insensitive to in vitro conditions and requires the development of alternative regeneration conditions. Seeds were surface sterilized in 96% ethanol (30 s), then 15 minutes in 50% aqueous solution of "Whiteness" with the addition of Twin-20 (1 drop per 100 ml), washed three times in sterile distilled water. Then lettuce seeds were placed in Petri dishes on Gamborg B5 medium (2% sucrose, 3,0 g/l fitogeli). After 10 days, the obtained seedlings were cut, the leaf blades were cut into squares 1 cm in size and transferred to medium MS B5 (2% sucrose) with three variants of hormone concentrations: 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l NAA and 0.1 mg/l BAP. The formed shoots were rooted on MS medium (2% sucrose, 7,0 g/l agar). Cultivation was carried out on racks with fluorescent lamps at 25°C and a photoperiod of 14 hours, illumination of 2,5 thousand Lux. According to the results of studies, the concentration of hormones (0,1 mg/l NAA, 1 mg/l BAP) was selected, which allowed to obtain up to 10 shoots from one leaf explant. Moreover, the largest number of shoots was noted on leaf explants located closer to the veins of the sheet. The obtained data allowed to improve the system of regeneration of varieties of emerald lettuce, Bouquet and Chameleon.

Ocimum basilicum L. (common basil) is one of the promising spicy - aromatic and medicinal plants. It is used both in traditional and traditional medicine as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory agent, gastritis, colitis, nephritis, etc. Numerous scientific studies have established that O. basilicum L. essential oil in experimental practice has good antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytostatic activity. The modern spice market requires a growing variety of forms and varieties of basil for consumption as seasoning and green vegetables. An important place is occupied by raw materials (leaf and herb of basil), in recipes of medicinal and forest teas. Essential oil is used both in the food and in the perfumery – cosmetic industry and pharmaceuticals. Perspectivity in the spice market and its multiple medicinal properties were the reason for the continuation of work on the improvement and creation of new promising varieties of basil, of various uses. A working collection was created, consisting of 34 varieties, forms and nursery of crosses and breeding selections, numbering from 40 to 100 units, on average by year. Five varieties of basil of diverse directions were created and registered in the State Register, both for consumption as seasoning in fresh and dry form, for flavoring edible salt, vinegar and oil, and also as a medicinal raw material for teas. Brief results obtained over 17 years а presented in this paper.

Few vegetable plants are a source of necessary biologically active substances. Special significance is given to spicy cultures, the most common among which is basil gardening (Ocimum basilicum L.). Its plants, possessing a rich and diverse chemical composition, are used in the medical and food industry, fresh and as components of spice mixtures to improve the quality of food. However, the basil culture is not widely spread and its use is limited. To increase the demand and consumption of this vegetable crop, the creation of promising varieties that meet modern market requirements is relevant. At the same time, it is necessary to search for sources of economically valuable traits - productivity, precocity and yield. The aim of the study was to study the collection variety samples of basil and the selection of sources of valuable features for use in breeding work. The initial material served as 72 samples of this culture of various ecological and geographical origin from the VIR collection. In the phase of mass flowering, they differ as early flowering, medium flowering and late flowering. In the phase of ripening seeds – early ripening, mid-ripening and late ripening. Selected sources of valuable features are recommended as a starting material for the selection of garden basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).

In recent years, interest in mountain savory is increasing and this is due to the rich biochemical composition, useful properties and decorative qualities of this plant. The materials were sortopopulyatsiya savory mountain. The study was conducted in the open ground in Moscow region (2012-2018) on experimental plots of the laboratory green, spicy taste and floral crops of FSBSI FSVC. The work on improving the source material by applying individual selection, the most aligned with economically valuable traits form ЧГ32-12 with high potential productivity of inflorescences and green mass, decorative, flavour and hardiness. Conducted testing and pre-multiplication of promising accessions, which was transferred into the "GOSSORTKOMISSIA" in 2018 called “Bobrik”. The yield of green increased in vegetation years in the first year of vegetation was 0,650 kg/m², in the second – 3.0 kg/m², and in the third year reached 5.4 kg/m². Indicator sign "plant height" increased over the years of vegetation (11.4 cm, 25.5 cm and 40.2 cm, respectively). The values of the sign "number of shoots" in the first year of vegetation was 11.6 PCs., in the second year – sharply increased (255.1 PCs.), in the third year – reached its maximum (787.3). The accumulation of dry matter in the years of vegetation increased: the first year contained 20.08%; the second year – 26.95%; and the third year of vegetation – 29.71%. The content of ascorbic acid in the flowering phase in the second year of vegetation increased compared to the first year (8.21 mg/% and 5.87 mg (%). The amount of water-soluble antioxidants in the second year of the growing season has increased almost two times in comparison with the first year (to 22.7 mg/g and AAE 42.39 mg/g of AAE), in the third year there is a decrease in rate – 28.6 mg/g of AAE. Thus, the green of the mountain variety "Bobrik" is a source of biologically active substances, such as ascorbic acid and carotenoids, so the culture can be recommended for the use of young shoots and leaves in fresh and dry form, as a seasoning for salads, sauces, marinades, meat and fish dishes, as well as spicy and aromatic additives for the preparation of drinks.

The article presents the analysis of breeding work with garden roses, carried out in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (NBG) from 1824 to the present time. There are three main historical stages, which have different breeding tasks, as well as methods of work: the first stage is connected with the work of N.A. Hartwiss, the second stage – N.D. Kostetsky and the third one – V.N. Klimenko, Z.K. Klimenko and K.I. Zykov. The most significant breeding achievements of the NBG’s rose breeders are indicated. Based on the analysis of the results of the introduction study of garden roses in the NBG, the main features of garden roses cultivation in the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC) are specified and the requirements for cultivars created for these conditions are determined. It is established that currently in the breeding work with roses in the NBG, there are four main directions. The first direction is the creation of cultivars with multiple long flowering, the total duration of which can exceed 200 days. A cultivar must endure difficult xerothermic conditions of the Southern Coast in July – August without losing of decorative value. The second task is the selection work with garden groups that are difficult to cultivate in the more northern areas. Among them, under conditions of the SCC, there are highly promising garden groups of miniature and climbing roses. The third direction of breeding is to increase resistance to major fungal diseases affecting roses under the conditions of the SCC. The basic breeding methods to achieve this objective are given. The fourth research line is the creation of cultivars with a strong aroma. These cultivars can be used in aerophytotherapeutic rosaries, arrangement of which in the SCC is relevant in connection with the development of the resort industry.

Intense light culture, the most impotent part of a regulated agroecosystem, makes it possible to produce high quality plant products all year round in any region of the world in close proximity to the consumer. It is most economically viable to use light culture for growing vegetables in the Far North, where there is an acute shortage of fresh vegetables and vitamins. Our studies of the range of different vegetable crops have shown that when using artificial lighting and low-volume cultivation technologies, many plant species and varieties have low productivity, low adaptability to the relevant conditions, and therefore unprofitable for mass production. To expand the range of vegetable products intended for cultivation in the light culture, it is necessary to do a massive screening of the varieties and hybrids of various crops available in the world assortment with the aim of selecting the best and also purposeful breeding of new forms and varieties maximally adapted to the appropriate cultivation technologies. The purpose of this work was to create new forms of small radish for light culture, having the necessary complex of economically valuable characters. The use of the previously developed methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits allowed us to obtain new promising forms of radish with using purposeful hybridization and subsequent stabilizing selection. Their characteristics are high productivity and early maturity (ripeness to harvesting for 21-25 days from seeding), the ability to produce marketable yield of roots in a small volume of root medium, resistance to bolting at higher temperatures. A number of the obtained forms also has a compact rosette of leaves and an almost glabrous leaf of the salad type. Marketable productivity of new forms of radish in intense light culture conditions reaches 5,5 kg/m² (for hybrids F₁) and 4 kg/m² for stable lines, which is twice or more than the productivity of the parental cultivars and one and a half times more than the best in productivity cultivars that were tasted in light culture.

Questions of quality of the sowed seeds in agriculture have paramount value. Use of highquality uniform seeds is the key to successful production of crop production. Vegetable seeds, in particular, leaf vegetables, are most vulnerable in this plan in view of their shallow amount, the long period of fructing time and some other factors. The modern tool methods of evaluation test allow to glance in internal structure of seeds and to scoop more information. The most suitable for these purposes is us the developed method of microfocal X-ray of vegetable seeds. In this work seeds of different types of green and spicy and flavoring vegetable crops are analysed: melissa, marjoram, asparagus, spinach and garden cress. The analysis was carried out both by a method of r of seeds, and by a standard technique. The most typical defects and shortcomings of internal structure of seeds influencing their economic and biological indicators are identified. Comparison of methods is carried out. It is shown that X-ray analysis of quality of seeds, in particular, viability, by visualization of images efficient and rather precise. The small error of a method is compensated with its bigger informational content: that is, the analysis is carried out not by the principle of viable and not viable seeds, there is their division as on viability (full, low quality), and on defects and shortcomings (outstanding, ugly, the defective, injured, etc.). At the same time seeds as a result of the analysis aren't utilized and remain for further work. The method differs in speed and ease of execution. The prospects of development of a method are specified. It is the integrated automatic analysis of quality of seeds. The algorithm of automatic computer X-ray analysis of quality of vegetable seeds is so far developed, the first version of the program is approved.

The regular inclusion of green vegetables in the diet is beneficial to human. In Russia the main time manufacture and consumption of fresh vegetable production falls in the June-October. Seasonality of consumption of vegetables may lower the conveyor production using secure ground, as well as the introduction of a larger number of species in the production of vegetable crops. One of the priority directions of the development of greenhouse vegetable production is the introduction of hydroponic technologies, including longline. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center has passed the test of cultivars of lettuce, rocket salad, mustard leaf and watercress breeding laboratory of green and spicy taste cultures on multi-level narrow column hydroponics (MUG). It is shown that when grown on the installation of MUG, it is possible to obtain ecologically safe and valuable spicyflavoring and salad green products. The studied varieties are looking not only for growing hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season. The studied varieties are promising not only for growing on hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season.

Researches conducted on lands Nikolayev state agricultural research station IIA NAAS in 2017- 2018. Soil of an experimental plot is chernozem southern weakly eroded clay loamy on loess’s, it is noted by high contents potassium, average – phosphorus and it is not enough provided by nitrogen. Climate of region – continental, is characterized sharp and repeated by fluctuations annual and month temperature of air, greater spare of heat and aridity. Agrotechnic in experiment was generally accepted for southern Steppe of Ukraine. Scheme of experience included three factors – a sowing periods: II ten-day period of October (winter), II ten-day period of November (underwinter), I ten-day period of April (spring); variants of fertilizers: without fertilizers (control), recommended dose (N₆₀P₆₀) and N₃₀Р₃₀ broadcast + N₃₀Р₃₀ with irrigated water; the modes of irrigation: 80-70-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity and 90-80-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity. It is shown that hyssop – valuable spicy-aromatic culture, which on their own biological particularity, requirements to soil-climatic conditions can be successfully grown in southern Steppe of Ukraine, providing high harvest of floral mass for use in medical pharmacology. Most productivity variety Marquis (at a rate of 28.4-28.5 c/hа dry cheese) provided in variant, where contributed 50% dose of fertilizers broadcast and 50% with irrigated water and winter sowing period of culture. Maximum contents of essential oil has fixed in same variant at mode irrigation 80-70-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity, where it has formed 0.85 %. Contents of ascorbic acid in plant raw material varied from 100.4 before 104.9 mg%.

Spicy-flavoring cultures are an indispensable source of vitamins, macro-and microelements, organic acids. Early and rapid formation and return of the crop greatly increases the value of these crops. One of the valuable spice-aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae L. is Melissa officinalis (Melicca officinalis L.), which is grown as an essential oil culture. Melissa officinalis contains biologically active substances that can be used to enrich food products. Fresh Melicca officinalis leaves produce essential oil which contains precious substances citronellal, citrategeneric, linalool [1]. Leaves and young shoots in the open ground cut to bloom. Consume fresh or dry melissa demanding soil fertility and irrigation. The article provides information about its origin and biological features. A brief overview of the nutritional and medicinal value is given. One of the important areas of work in the creation of modern vegetable varieties is the selection of high content of biologically active substances with antioxidant activity, and suitability for growing on hydroponic plants in protected soil to supply the population with fragrant vitamin products of fresh herbs all year round. Cv. Zhemchuzhina of Melissa officinalis can be grown in multi circle hydroponics (MCH), using natural substrate (peat mixes). Young shoots of this variety can be consumed as early as 35 days after sowing, in which the content of water-soluble antioxidants in march is 5.9 mg/g in units of Gallic acid. Subsequent cuts should be carried out at intervals of 30-45 days, depending on the season. The article also describes the main elements of the technology of growing medicinal melissa in the open and protected ground for greenery and seed production.

The study of the dynamics of plant growth and yield of vegetable crops (carrot variety Absheron winter (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schьbl.) and radish variety Virovsky white (Raphanus sativus var.radicula Pers.)) was conducted in the field conditions after presowing exposure to different temperatures: I option – sowing of seeds exposed to low temperatures (for 15 days the swollen for 24 hours seeds were kept at a temperature of 0±1°С); Option II - sowing of seeds exposed to variable temperatures (for 5 days, the swollen for 24 hours seeds were exposed to variable temperatures of + 20°C (8 hours) and 0±1°C (16 hours) and then 10 days at a temperature of 0±1°C; K1 – sowing dry seeds; K2 – sowing soaked seeds. The impact on the seeds of low and variable temperatures caused an increase in growth processes, both in radish and carrot. Both studied crops showed a tendency to increase the yield to a greater extent when exposed to swollen seeds with variable temperatures. Thus, the average weight of radish crops exceeded the control variant by 47.1% and carrots by 27.6%. The yield of root crops per m² increased by 36.4% for radish and 30.0% for carrot. To increase the productivity of vegetable crops, we recommend using the studied methods of pre-sowing seed treatment in practice.

The aim of the study is to develop a high–yielding variety of Dracocephalum moldavica L., suitable for cultivation in the Central region of the Russian Federation, and to study the seeding rates and sowing methods on its example. The experimental part of the work was performed in Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in 2016-2017 by field and laboratory experiments. New variety "Nezhnost" (selection № 14-99) is derived by the method of individual-family selection of the cultivated population, is significantly superior to the zoned variety Gorynych on the yield of dry herb (at LSD₀₅=1,8 с/ha) and seed (at LSD₀₅=0,61 с/ha), gross yield of essential oil to by 20%. The object of the study of varietal features of seeding rates and methods of sowing was a promising variety "Nezhnost", for which two-factor experiment was put: 6 variants of seeding rates and 3 variants of sowing methods. Sowing period: early spring. Harvesting: when browning 3/4 of stems. The biological potential of plants has been fully realized in wide-row crops with seeding rate of 2.0-2.5 million PCs/ha, contributing to the formation of productive architectonics, optimization of the production process and maximum realization of seed productivity. To obtain high yields of Dracocephalum moldavica L. when cultivated on seeds in the Central region, the rate of seeding (2,5 million pieces of germinating seeds per hectare) is reduced by 20% of the rate when sowing on green mass, a wide-row method of sowing is used.

Essential oil crops and their essential oils are widely used in perfumery, cosmetic and food industries, traditional and folk medicine. The most important qualitative characteristic of essential oil crops is the content, component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) belong to the promising essential oil crops for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy has created a number of varieties of essential oil crops, including 3 varieties of basil Ocimum basilicum L., 1 variety of basil Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) and 1 variety of hyssop Hyssopus officinalis L. The new varieties of basil and hyssop are characterized by a complex of morphometric, morphological and phenological sings.In the studies of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy and the Belarusian State Technological University, the yield and content of essential oils of new zoned varieties of basil and common hyssop were analyzed. Using the method of enantioselective gas chromatography, the component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils of the studied varieties was determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that each variety has its own characteristic component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils. The studied varieties of basil and common hyssop contained up to 20 and 18 different components of essential oils respectively. The features of the component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils allow identifying the already created varieties of essential oil crops, as well as carrying out their selection to create varieties with certain properties.

High nutritional value of parsley determines constant interest to this agricultural crop as a source of natural antioxidants to humans. Biochemical characteristics of 6 parsley varieties (Federal scientific center selection) are investigated. Dry matter content was in the range 20.56-25.92%. Monosaccharides concentrations varied from 1.29 to 2.14%. High correlation between dry matter and monosaccharides content in leaves was revealed (r=0.97). The highest concentration of ascorbic acid was demonstrated in leaves of two varieties: Nezhnost and Breeze. The highest antioxidant activity and polyphenol content were typical for leaves of root-parsley and curly variety Krasotka (45.1 mg-eq GA/g d.w., 16.6 mg-eq GA/g d.w. and 55.55 mg-eq GA/g d.w., 15.8 mg-eq GA/g d.w. accordingly). Antioxidant activity level was found to be strictly connected with the content of ascorbic acid and a strong correlation was demonstrated between these parameters (r=0.92, P<0.01). The highest concentration of photosynthetic pigments was typical for Nezhnost variety. A quadratic relationship between dry matter content/monosaccharides and AOA/ascorbic acid happened to be peculiar for parsley. Significant intervarietal differences of macroelements accumulation in parsley leaves are revealed. Thus the highest levels of manganese accumulated Nezhnost cultivar, zinc and copper – Krasotka variety, iron – Krasotka, Moscvichka cvs and root parsley.

Chicory is widely cultivated in many countries of the world due to high nutritional and pharmacological value. The possibility of chicory forcing in winter provides quick production of salad heads, which biochemical characteristics are not fully described. Concentration of sugars, water soluble compounds and antioxidants in roots, leaves and stumps of salad C.intybus Konus cv are studied. Element composition of roots and leaves is obtained using ICP-MS method. The highest amount of water soluble compounds and ascorbic acid was indicated in stumps, while the highest polyphenol concentration was demonstrated in leaves. Antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts reached maximum in leaves and did not differ between roots and stumps. The ability of Konus variety to hyperaccumulate selenium was revealed for the first time: selenium concentration reached 2800 mcg/kg d.w. in roots and 3800 mcg/kg d.w. in leaves. Konus cv was characterized also by high accumulation of chromium, manganese, molybdenum and iron. Uneven distribution of elements between roots and leaves are demonstrated for all elements except Al, As and Si. Intensive root-leaves transport was revealed for Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Se and Zn and decreased rootleaves flow for B, Cd, Co, Li, Sn, Sr, V and especially Na. One hundred g of fresh leaves provides 22% of the daily adequate consumption levels for Se, 91%- for Cr, 15%- for Mo, 14%- for Fe and 12 % for Mn. The results suppose high prospects of C.intybus Konus cv as a functional food, capable to optimize the human Se and Cr status.

The work presents the results of the study of the antioxidant activity of fruits (clapper seeds) of aromatic plants, (Apiaceae, Lindl.): dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The plant materials for determining the total content of antioxidants were collected during an ecological-geographical experiment at the Gunib and Tsudakhar experimental bases of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, at altitudes of 1100 and 1730 meters above sea level, simulating the conditions of mountain-valley and upper mountain climate zones, respectively. Determination of the total content of antioxidants in aqueous solutions was performed by the amperometric method on “Tsvet Yauza 01 -AA” instrument. Studies have shown the variability of accumulation of antioxidants, depending on the type, variety, height above sea level of the place of growth of the sample. In terms of the total content of antioxidants, the effect of the cultivation area substantially exceeded the inter-variety differences. In the studied species, intervarietal differences appeared more clearly in A. graveolens, which correlated with the latitude of the range and the ecological amplitude of growth of these species in natural habitats. The obtained data on the study of antioxidant activity in some aromatic medicinal plants allow to evaluate their biological value, to recommend more distinguished samples for cultivation. Plant materials with a high accumulation of antioxidants that can neutralize the harmful effects of oxidative stress can be used as a source of natural polyphenols, natural antioxidants in food. This methodical approach, demonstrated in the work, can serve as a methodological basis for studying the “genotype x environment” interaction and express assessment of varieties, clones, populations, and other units of accounting for the stability and sustainability of the parameters studied, including the content of antioxidants.

Celeriac (Apium graveolens L., Apiaceae), originating from the Mediterranean basin, is a two-yearold species grown worldwide. The article presents the content of chlorophylls a and b, β-carotene and anthocyanin in various celery root varieties, and an assessment of their resistance to septoriosis and the yield of root crops. The studies were carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing, a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region, Ramensky District) in 2014-2016. The total content of anthocyanins in the leaves in varieties with anthocyanin coloring on the leaf stem is on average 1.32 mg / 100 g, in the varieties with a green stem, 0.90 mg / 100 g, β-carotene – 1.82 and 1.67 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll a – 86.5 and 81.4 mg / 100 g, chlorophyll b – 43.1 and 44.9 mg / 100 g wet weight, respectively. Linear correlation analysis allowed to establish a reliable (at 5% significance level) positive relationship between the yield of root crops and the total content of anthocyanins in celery leaves (r = 0.53), the total content of anthocyanins and chlorophyll a in leaves (r = 0.55), a negative relationship between the degree of development septoria and root mass (r = -0.62), as well as the yield of root crops (r = -0.71), between the chlorophyll a content in the leaves and the degree of septoria development (r = -0.54). The revealed variability in chlorophyll, β-carotene, the total content of anthocyanins reflects genetic heterogeneity among the studied celery varieties and plant responses to the environment. For breeding for resistance to septoria and crop yields of root crops, varieties of celeriac Kornevoy Gribovskiy, Maxim, Kupidon were selected.

Material for research was fresh leaves of Amaranthus tricolor L. varieties Early Splendor. They were grown in a greenhouse (Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow region). Using GC-MS, 8 and 11 amino acids were identified in extracts of hetero- and autotrophic leaves. One of the mechanisms that provide resistance to stresses of various natures is the accumulation of free amino acids; therefore, the total content of antioxidants can serve as an indicator of plant resistance. The amino acids found in amaranth leaves have pronounced functional activity in the human body. For example, tyrosine is the most important neurotransmitter, stimulates the brain, is involved in the control of stress. In humans, the precursor of tyrosine is the essential amino acid phenylalanine, while tyrosine is formed by hydroxylation of the phenyl group of phenylalanine. In this case, the lack of the latter in food leads to a deficiency of tyrosine in the body. Tryptophan controls the body's protective and adaptive functions. Amino acids valine, leucine, glutamine, proline - stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal flora and biomass accumulation. Thus, the amino acid composition determines the nutritional and pharmacological value of amaranth leaf biomass. This indicates that amaranth leaves are a promising raw material for creating functional products and herbal remedies.

The most significant in the technology of growing potatoes are the timing of removal of the tops, as this factor directly affects the physiological state of the tubers and their quality. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of the timing of removal of tops on yield, quantitative yield and quality of elite seed of early maturing potato varieties Snegir, Delphin, Udacha and Zhukovskij rannij. Experience, observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The study was conducted in a field experiment of the Smolensk Institute of agriculture (ex. Smolensk GOSHOS). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the mass flowering did not occur simultaneously in all studied potato varieties. Before all the phase of mass flowering occurred in the Zhukovskij rannij variety. The percentage of plant viral diseases in all studied varieties in the variant with the term of removal of the tops 21 days after mass flowering was higher, compared with the options for removing the tops in earlier flowering periods. The maximum yield of seed fraction of potato tubers in varieties Delphin and Snegir (12.6 and 26.1 t/ha, respectively) was noted in the version with the second term of removal of the tops, in varieties Zhukovskij rannij and Udacha (23.2 and 23.4 t/ha, respectively) – in the version with the term of removal of the tops 21 days after mass flowering. The yield of tubers seed fraction and their mass were the highest varieties of Dеlphin and Zhukovskij rannij. According to the results of the tuberous analysis, an increase in the total number of tubers affected by fungal diseases was observed in variants with later dates of removal of the tops. The most affected disease of all the studied varieties was the grade of bullfinch (1.5-4%), the most resistant to disease – cv. Udacha.

In the he article are presented the research result on effectiveness of application new form of urea on potato. New urea form is urea with urease inhibitors. This fertilities type allow to reduce losses of nitrogen in ammonium form. Field experiment was carried out in 2017 on solonetc light chestnut soils with heavy granulometric compound in the conditions of the Volgograd region in the experimental polygon of the lower Volga agricultural research Institute – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center for agro-ecology, integrated land reclamation and protective afforestation wounds". As an object of research used potatoes mid-early table varieties Nevsky. The advantage of a new fertilizer form is the yield increase and improvement of tubers quality. Urea UTEC application leads to formation bigger and uniform tuber size. The use of urea UTEC provide the potato yield of 56.4 t/ha, with marketable tubers fraction up to 54.82 t/ha, the total yield increase to the control – 35.6%, in monetary terms this amounted to 245887.0 RUB/ha additional profit. Under these conditions, was obtained lowest amount of non-marketable yield – 0.16 t/ha, which is 2.65 times less than in the control variant. The advantage of urea UTEC application in comparison with ammonium nitrate was the increase in the yield of marketable potatoes by 5.1 t/ha and an additional profit up to 76.8 thousand rubles/ha. The Assessment of the potato quality showed that the best treatment was also the treatment with UTEC urea, the starch content in tubers was 9.22%. Note that almost the same value of the indicator in the variant with the use of urea (option 2), and the lowest starch content was noted when using ammonium nitrate – 9.05%.

The Issyk-Kul region is one of the most preferable for horticulture regions of Kyrgyzstan. However, during last decades the biological and agronomical diversity in this region is significantly decreasing due to transmission to market economics. In this term the aim of our survey was estimating of present level of diversity of fruit trees and wild berries, as well as vitamin content after long winter storage. This survey was organized in two districts of Issyk-Kul region – Dzhety-Oguz and Ak-Suu by the interview of 217 local farmers, the vitamin content was determined by known methodic. The study showed that there are 4 varieties of pears, of which 3 are local / traditional; 8 varieties of apricot with 5 local and 26 varieties of apple with 21 local. More than half of the local varieties of pears, apples and apricots disappear at the present time due to different reasons (non-compliance with market requirements for long-distance storage and transportation of fruits, bacterial burn disease that affected 90% of all pear plantations, lack of planting material and of knowledge and skills for grafting, treatment for diseases without antibiotics, agrotechniques) and are actively replaced by new commercial varieties. Among 8 varieties of apple and pear there were no varietal differences in the content of vitamins, but all of cultivars were significantly inferior to wild berry shrubs - viburnum, barberry, and dog rose for the content of vitamins A, C, B3, β-carotene. Based on the results of the survey, were developed practical recommendations for farmers on preserving the diversity of local varieties of fruit trees and wild berry shrub.

The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, development and biochemical composition of the introduced varieties of eastern persimmon in the conditions of Southern Dagestan. Long-term studies for 2015-2018 were carried out with the use of generally accepted programs and classical methods of sorting and selection studies. As a result, the biological features of the passage of phenological phases of development of introduced varieties of persimmon eastern specific territory were studied to optimize plantings in industrial plantations and peasant farms, persimmon varieties were proposed that are characterized by valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties with the aim of increasing yields, where the fruit harvest from 1 tree and the yield from 1 ha is allocated the East Hiakume persimmon variety (317.2 g; 58.6 kg and 293.0 c/ha). According to the peculiarities of growth and development in cultivation in the conditions of Southern Dagestan, it was found that the highest height of the tree is the Hachia variety (4.74), the crown diameter the Giro variety (4.26), and the trunk circle the Hachia variety (31.7 cm). A biochemical analysis of the fruits of the main assortment of Eastern persimmon fruits was performed, which showed that the Hachia variety was distinguished by the dry matter content, the amount of sugars and vitamin C (19.3%, 13.6% and 46.5 mg%, respectively).