147 new forms were obtained only from nine responsive unpollinated ovules of summer squash in 2015-2017. The cytological analysis is used to estimate the level of ploidy in regenerated plants R0. The small size of mitotic chromosomes and large number in Cucurbita genus make it difficult to count them even though they are well separated. As a result of analysis the optimal method of chromosome staining has been chosen with the use of modified propiono- lacmoid cytological technique. The rootlet tips and apical meristems were used to make smear preparations. As it was shown the summer squash was a difficult species as a cytological object because of low mitosis frequency and low number of metaphase plates with well scattered chromosomes. The photos of chromosomes in squash C. pepo subsp. brevicaulis var. giraumons Duch; distant hybrid (breeding accession N37) between variety ‘Cornishon’ and winter squash C. pepo subsp. longicaulis Greb. var. pepo and doubled haploid plants produced from them were made. In spite of the small size 2 μm the chromosomes observed were clearly seen. Nearly all regenerated plants that had been analyzed passed well the adaptation in vivo and occurred to be a doubled haploids (2n = 2x=40). The seed progeny was then obtained through self-pollination. About 20% of plants R0 analyzed were mixploids and supposedly only 7% were haploids.

Investigations were performed at Pushkin experimental station (Pushkin, Leningrad region), in 2010-2015. Genetic material was represented by 300 samples from Vavilov collection, coming from 18 countries. Results of samples evaluation (productivity, quality, resistance to pests and diseases, suitability for mechanized harvesting) are represented. Widely grown Russian and foreign varieties, interesting for practical usage, are described. As the result of carrot samples investigation, different level of productivity, strongly related with type of variety, was revealed. Samples of carrot, obtained stable level of productivity and quality are described. Best varieties with high level of carotene (13-17 mg/100 g) were NIIOH-336 (Russia), Amro (Denmark), Asmer Early Market (UK), Amsterdam Foram (Netherlands). At the same time, it is very impotent to combine components, which are responsible for the certain type of taste and quality too. Several varieties, bearing high level of resistance to carrot fly (Chamaepsila rosae) and storage diseases, were found. Perspective breeding material for the major directions of carrot breeding programs was chosen. It is highly recommended to use the set of varieties, bearing complex of valuable (early maturation, productivity, marketability, resistance to pests and diseases) traits: Feonia Banta and Nantes Scarletta (Denmark), Formula, Marko, Camillo и Flaxton (Netherlands), Asmer Super Strite and Suko (UK), Lossa Lunga (Italy), Nantsky (Bulgaria), Chantenay Supreme Long (USA), Selbstung (germany), Shantene 2461, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Vitaminnaya 6 (Russia). Prospects of heterosis breeding are adduced.

Stavropol region is well known zone of vegetable seed production from 70th years of last century. Development seed production of main vegetable crops is connected with using of new technologies. New technological methods and its influence on the seed yield formation and on the quality of carrot seeds have been investigated in this study. The objects of the study were seeds of carrot variety Marlinka and different technological methods, including in schemes of sowing. Methods and conditions of experiments have been written in details with scheme of experiment by the study influence of sowing schemes on the seed productivity of carrot plants variety Marlinka. Years of study (2015-2017) have been characterized as drought. Seedling capacity of seeds was very small (about of 30%). Sowing with seed drill Matermacc (by the scheme of sowing: 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm) ensured the seedling capacity needed for survive of plants after winter. Yield of seeds was in 4-6 time higher in variant with using seed drill Matermacc and scheme of sowing 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm, than in variants with traditional technologies. Mass of 1000 seeds was similar under different technologies and schemes of sowing. But seedling capacity was significantly decreased under traditional technologies and using seed drill SZ-5,4.

The possibility of obtaining parthenocarpic hybrids of the female F1 cucumber type in combination with paternal forms of various sexual types – intermediate and predominantly female – has been studied. The research was carried out for four years – 2015-2018, in the winter greenhouse of the "Richelieu" type, in the winterspring turnover, with low-volume cultivation technology. In the competitive and preliminary tests, more than 100 promising hybrid combinations were studied. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the sexual type of perspective parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids for the winter-spring rotation depends on the genotype of the original parental forms. The use of predominantly female-type flowering as paternal forms led to an increase in the female F1 hybrids. In a combination of maternal female-type forms with male-type paternal forms, hybrids of the female sex-type cucumber were obtained, but much less frequently than from crossing with the predominantly female types of flowering. According to the results of the competitive variety testing, two promising hybrids of the cucumber – Murava F1 and Vera F1 were transferred to the state variety testing in 2017. These hybrids were created using the paternal forms of a predominantly female type of flowering.

One of the most important crops among all types of Alliums is onion, the value of which is determined by the nutritional and medicinal properties. It is used not only as a seasoning for food, but also as a source of a number of biologically active substances. The biochemical composition of the bulbs and its green leaves in different periods of growth and development varies, depending on the variety, environmental conditions and agrotechnical methods of cultivation. Creation on the basis of interspecies hybridization of fundamentally new forms of Allium plants with a unique combination of genetic material allows to expand the possibility of selection of valuable genotypes in practical terms. The study was performed on plants of the inbred progenies I4-5 from BC1-2 bulbous forms of interspecific hybrids of Allium crossing combinations F5(A. cepa xA. vavilovii), F5(A. cepa x A. fistulosum). The biometric assessment was carried out after harvesting and drying the bulbs according to the "test Procedure for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability" according to the main breeding characteristics: the color of the dry cover scales of the bulb, the mass of the bulb, the shape of the bulb. As the standard used plant varieties Odintsovets. The biochemical composition of onion samples was determined by the content of dry matter, monosaccharides, the amount of sugars, ascorbic acid, antioxidants. Based on the biometric assessment of the forms of interspecific hybrids of onions, 5 forms were identified according to the uniformity of such features as the color of dry cover scales and the shape of the bulb weighing 50-60 g, which are a qualitatively new source material for breeding. In determining the biochemical composition of the isolated forms of interspecific hybrids of Alliums on the main breeding grounds found that the plants of these forms of onions indicators of dry matter (15%), monosaccharides (1.15-1.71%), the amount of sugars (11.17%), were at the level of the standard, or exceeded it, but the total content of antioxidants (8.22 mg/g) inferior to the standard.

The article presents the results of ecological and geographical study of table beet samples of the VIR collection. The study was carried out between 2014 and 2016 in three stations located in different soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation: in Leningrad, Moscow and Krasnodar regions. The main attention is paid to the interaction of the genotype and the environment, as the main reason for the considerable variability in the yield of table beet varieties when growing them in different ecological and geographical zones. Today the search and creation of an initial high-yielding and versatile material for breeding of adaptive beet varieties is one of the most important trends in the table beet breeding programs. The article describes the evaluation of the factors of time and place of cultivation on yield. The factors that make the greatest contribution in the formation of yield are identified. Significant variability in the yield of collection samples, depending on the cultivation zone, was noted. Samples for the intensive type of cultivation in different zones are identified. The variety of table beet for inclusion in breeding programs, as a source of adaptability and high yield is recommended. The variety of table beet «Perfected Detroid Dark Red» (Canada) is recommended for inclusion in breeding programs as a source of adaptability and high yield.

At present it is very actual in vegetable growing the development of highly effective and ecologically safe methods for increasing yields and plant resistance to unfavorable growth conditions. One of these methods is grafting. The goal of the study was to learn the influence of the rootstock on the characteristics of the growth, development and yield of cucumber. Research was conducted in 2015-2016 in greenhouse in spring-summer period in Armenia. As a scions was used cucumber variety Nazrvan, which was grafted on 5 pumpkin rootstocks (VI033637, VI03338, VI03364, VI040903, VI056328) from the collection of the World Vegetable Center (WVC). The grafting was carried out according to the standard method. When the VI033637 rootstock was used, flowering started 5 days earlier than the ungrafted plants, while when grafted on VI040903, the fruits ripened 6.2 days earlier. High increase of early yield (33.3%) received when used both above mentioned rootstocks. VI033638 – 4.1 kg/m2 and VI033664- 9.9 kg/m2 samples provided high increase of the total yield. For all the types of rootstocks the grafted plants of cucumber surpass the non-grafted ones by height from 4.7 % to 21.7%, by marketability of fruits from 5% to 14% and by fruit mass from 15 gr to 45 g. At the beginning of fruit-setting of cucumber plants the number of female flowers increased from 27% to 63% depending on the rootstock sample. The amount of dry substances in all grafted plants has increased by 4.4-8.8% and the amount of vitamin C by 1.8-9.2%. As a result of research carried out by us, perspective rootstocks (VIO33638 and VIO33664) are identified by a set of economically valuable characteristics which are recommended for applying in the further investigation and breeding activities and in production of grafted plants.

The 4th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference "Innovative technologies in the field of genetics, breeding, seed production and reproduction of plants" was held in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden on September 3-10, 2017 with the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Ministry of Agriculture. Over 330 scientists attended the forum from regions of Russia and foreign countries. According to the results of the conference, a resolution was adopted on the future development of domestic seed production with a view to import substitution in the crop sector.

The population of our planet is growing every year and its growth by 2050 will exceed the potential of agriculture and will not be able to provide food security in General. This problem is the subject of the study. The article considers the existing programs of the Russian Federation aimed at supporting domestic producers of agricultural raw materials and food, ensuring the availability and quality of food in the food market. Foreign experience in the creation and implementation of programs in these areas has been studied. The article presents an assessment of the consequences of sanctions on the total cost of trade flows between the European Union and Russia. The study was carried out on the example of data on the Irkutsk region. An element of scientific novelty is the consideration of approaches to solving the problem of food security not only from the state, producers of agricultural raw materials and food, but also from its consumers – the population. Social efficiency in achieving the proposed performance indicators will be determined by increasing life expectancy, reducing morbidity, improving the quality of life of those suffering from diseases associated with poor nutrition, and the ratio of the obtained favorable social results to the costs to achieve them. At the same time, economic efficiency will be expressed by assessing the impact of the results achieved in the framework of the program activities on the formation of the gross product, increasing labor productivity and ensuring the dynamics of economic growth. The practical application of the proposed directions of improving the availability and quality of food for the population will improve the efficiency of the food market and create conditions for the formation of the state of protection of the Russian subjects from the threats of food security.

The indicators of production of vegetable products (acreage, gross harvest, yield) in the world and Russia as a whole, and by the main types of vegetables. The insufficient volume of commodity vegetable growing in Russia is highlighted. It is shown that the range of vegetable products from the countries of the world and the Russian Federation is limited, which keeps the deficit of nutrition in vitamins. Named regions-beacons vegetable sector in gross yield and yield of vegetable crops. The indicators of the level of plowing in Russia and the need to increase the production of vegetables by increasing yields. The indicators of import and export of vegetables taking into account import and export of vegetables are analyzed. It is shown that to equalize consumption by regions and improve the quality of life, it is necessary to increase production for the transition to the recommended consumption standards, improve the territorial-sectoral division of labor and interregional exchange in the vegetable sector of the crop sector.

A methodology for analyzing the agricultural market has been proposed. The concept of the market model from the standpoint of the dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand is described, a technique based on variational deviations of trends is proposed. Approbation shows the practical usefulness of the results obtained in the analysis and management of the cabbage market. The interrelation between the gross volume and the price of cabbage is established, the gradient and nature of market equilibrium are revealed, and the perspective of the cabbage market in the Russian Federation is described. The proposed analysis methodology considers market modeling as a dynamic equilibrium mechanism of supply and demand, it is a method based on variational deviations of trends. Approbation confirms the practical utility of the results for analyzing and managing the cabbage market. In the course of testing, it was established that the amplitude of price fluctuations with the current increase in gross production characterizes the cabbage market as developing; the market offer of each thousand tons of cabbage can change the price by 0.1416 c.u./t; the cabbage market maximum is at the level of 258 c.u./t at gross harvest of 3,138 thousand tons of cabbage. For the modern stage of development of the cabbage market with increasing production volumes, a decrease in prices is typical. It is shown that there are market relations between gross volume and price of cabbage, market characteristics and equilibrium gradient, which determine the prospects of the Russian cabbage market. The description of the methodology and the presentation of the results of testing the methods of modeling the market perspectives allow us to make optimistic conclusions about the expansion of the scope of application of theoretical economics for practical activities. In this regard, the proposed methodology for analyzing the market (concept, methodology) may be of interest to practicing economists. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of the described methodology, there are a number of issues related to the error of statistical data and unaccounted factors that require further research. Despite the simplicity and accessibility of the described methodology, there are a number of issues related to statistical errors and unaccounted factors that require further research.

Sprouts of agricultural crops seeds are considered to be functional food products with high content of antioxidants. Though seeds of Allium species plants are used in some countries as spices the possibilities of appropriate sprouts utilization have never been investigated so far. Evaluation of perennial and A. cepa seeds biofortification with selenium revealed high nutritional value of the resulting sprouts characterized not only by high selenium content exclusively in a form of selenomethyl selenocysteine (a natural anti carcinogen) but also with high levels of antioxidant activity and high polyphenol content. It was demonstrated that among seven studied representatives of Allium species Allium cepa variety Krasnoye krugevo and perennial onion Allium fistulosum give seeds sprouts with the highest levels of selenium (10500-11000 μg/kg d.w.), polyphenols (9.3-10.8 mg-eq GA/g d.w) and the largest values of antioxidant activity (14.7-17.1 mg-eq GA/g d.w.). Utilization of one g of dried seeds sprouts powder, fortified with selenium provides up to 15.7% of the adequate consumption level of selenium exclusively in a form of selenomethyl selenocysteine possessing powerful anti carcinogenic activity.

Preservation of the quality of fresh products for companies engaged in the implementation of fresh fruit and vegetable products is an important task in managing supply chains in both transport and warehouse logistics. This work presents an estimate of the loss of quality of fresh tomato under the influence of various temperature regimes using an integral quality parameter. Integral quality parameter index consists of deviations of biochemical parameters (vitamin C, acidity, glucose and the sum of sugars) at the recommended storage temperature (plus 8°C) from the values of these the same indicators at temperatures different from it; the frequency of the participation of the indicators in the correlation dependences between the indices and the highest degree of correlation, estimated from the value of the Pearson coefficient. Using the QFD methodology, the relationship of consumer requirements with technical requirements for the quality of fresh tomato has been determined, and the parameters that have the greatest impact on quality have been established. Approbation of the parameter “integral quality” was carried out on the basis of the data of the experiment conducted in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar), on the influence of temperature regimes on the quality of tomato “Torbash” in the process of storage. The proposed model of quality forecasting can be recommended to companies selling fresh tomatoes, carrying out logistic activities in the supply chains of this vegetable production, and can also serve as a basis for assessing the quality of other fruit and vegetable products.

To achieve goal, the following tasks were solved: recipes for a new type of functional canned food – "Dessert of Jerusalem artichoke", consisting of a mixture of vegetables and fruits (based on Jerusalem artichoke), which has good organoleptic characteristics, experimental samples were made and their physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics were determined. At the same time, when developing the formulations of the selected range of functional foods, it is necessary to proceed from the requirements of GOST R 52349-2005 "functional Foods" from which it follows that each portion of the functional product must contain at least 15% of the daily consumption rate established By the Institute of nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences for a specific physiologically functional ingredient. To choose the best recipe of "Dessert" were made comparative experimental samples of canned food with the content of Jerusalem artichoke, as the main component, from 30 to 45%. The best composition of canned food "Dessert of Jerusalem artichoke", which received an average rating of 4.5 points, as a result of sensory analysis by rating, using a score scale, the following content of components: puree of Jerusalem artichoke – 40%, mashed carrots – 30%, mashed apples – 30%. According to the results of sensory evaluation of the intensity of the characteristics of the profiles for each of the five indicators: taste, color, aroma, appearance and consistency, as well as a diagram of the overall organoleptic evaluation of a new type of functional product "Dessert of Jerusalem artichoke".

Food and pharmacological value in onion leaves is mainly represented by ascorbic acid, chlorophylls and secondary metabolites: carotenoids, phenolic compounds. At the same time, their quantity depends on the conditions of cultivation and treatment with biostimulants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse on sod-podzolic soil in the Moscow region under conditions of natural insolation at a temperature of 20 ... 25 ° C in March using varieties of VNIISSOK selection – Chernyj princ and Zolotnichok. The effect of Albit and Amir biostimulants on the content of antioxidants and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of onion was studied. The work shows the promise of using growth-stimulating plant and bacterial preparations for foliar treatment of onion leaves, which allow increasing the yield of leaves and the content of antioxidants. In the leaves of the Chernyj princ variety, an increase in the content of ascorbic acid by 30% was observed when treated with biostimulant Amir, as well as an increase in leaf weight by 8% when treated with Amir and by 14% when treated with biostimulant Albit. Foliar treatment of onion leaves with biostimulants Albit and Amir resulted in an increase in the amount of ethanol-soluble antioxidants.

In this article, based on the analysis of the technological process for the production of a new type of functional product "Desert from Jerusalem artichoke", potentially dangerous factors that may arise when making canned products are determined, and the probability and reasons for their occurrence are justified. Proceeding from these, determined by us dangerous factors, a block diagram of the control of the technological process of canning "Desert from Jerusalem artichoke" was compiled. In this block diagram, the main critical and control-critical points are established at the respective manufacturing stages throughout the entire technological process of product development. In addition, the severity of the consequences from the appearance of these dangerous factors and the ways of their elimination are estimated. The severity of the consequences for different factors is different. So, it can be insignificant, because the dangerous factors that cause it can be corrected after identifying and eliminating the cause of their defiant. They can be attributed to "not very significant." Therefore, a checkpoint is set in this operation. The severity of the consequences from other dangerous factors can be very significant – lead to diseases and even poisonings, so here is set a critical control point. Developed: The block diagram of the control of the technological process for the production of a new type of functional product "Dessert from Jerusalem artichoke" and "The map of critical control points to be monitored", established by the flowchart, allows the total production process of manufacturing safe food product on the principles of HACCP.

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

One of stressful factors the reducing harvest and quality of bulbs of garlic winter (Allium sativum L.) defeat is diseases of various etiology. Studying of influence of factors of the external environment and stability of a genotype on prevalence of diseases on landings of garlic winter and degree of their injuriousness in the conditions of the Moscow region was the purpose of researches; assessment of collection and selection samples of garlic winter and identification among them steady against the most economically significant diseases. Object of researches were grades and collection samples of garlic of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, winter from collections, and other selection institutions. Field experiments and assessment were carried out on a natural infectious background for a number of years. It is as a result established that in the conditions of the Moscow region during vegetation of a plant of garlic winter mainly are surprised mushroom diseases (mycoses) among which the dominating position is taken by fusariosis (micromycetes of the sort Fusarium spp). Defeat of garlic fusariosis is shown annually and with different intensity, depending on weather conditions. The analysis of literature and results of our researches show that number and a ratio of types of Fusarium spp. in a pathogenic complex changes in last years. The types which are earlier not noted on the culture of garlic in the Moscow region (since 2009 – F. avenacium, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. semitectum are registered; since 2017 – F. gibbosum and F. nivale). In a complex with highly aggressive types of F. solani and F. oxysporum they enhance injuriousness of fuzariosis withering and rots. Mushrooms of the sort Alternaria and other micromycetes of the sorts Stemfillium, Pythium, Embilisia, Verticillum, Cladosporium in the conditions of the Moscow region meet mainly in a complex Fusarium. Gray rot (the activator – Botrytis allii L.) it is more often shown in storage time and transportations of bulbs of garlic. These micromycetes enhance injuriousness of fusariosis and increase losses of a harvest of garlic winter, especially, in the conditions of sharp fluctuations of average daily temperatures and humidity of the soil during the different periods of vegetation. Results of long-term assessment are given in article, grades and perspective collection samples of garlic winter the steadiest against defeat with diseases in the conditions of the changing climate of a zone of Non-Black Earth Region are allocated.

In 2016, 2017 studies on the influence of fungicides on the development of diseases on the leaf surface of carrots were carried out. To study were taken fungicides Akanto Plus, Signum, fast and Rex duo. The research was carried out on the varieties of carrots of the Primorskyaya 22 and Taiphun. The work was carried out at the seaside vegetable Experimental Station – branch of the federal State budget scientific institution "Federal Scientific Center of vegetable growing" in coastal zone of Primorsky Krai in conditions of monsoon climate with annual quantity Precipitation 700-800 mm, most of which falls on the summer period. Natural climatic factors of Primorsky Krai create the most favorable conditions for development of high infectious background of pathogenic flora. The leaves of carrots here are amazed fitopatogenami from childbirth Alternaria, Cercospora, Xanthomonas. Diseases appear in the sowing of carrots usually in the second half of the growing season, after clamping tops in rows. The first treatment of drugs was carried out at the appearance of the first signs of disease on the leaf surface of the carrot, two subsequent treatments-in 14-16 days, depending on weather conditions. The most biological efficacy after three treatment showed the fungicide Signum: 53.2% on the variety of Primorskyaya 22 and 54.3% on the grade Taiphun, which contributed to the highest yield of carrots in this variant. The increase in the yield of standard root crops was here 10.0 t/ha or 41.0% on the grade of the Primorskyaya 22 and 7.6 t/ha or 28.4% on the grade Taiphun compared to the control version.

The main type of root chicory diseases are root rot of root crops. In unfavorable years, they affect up to 40-50% of root crops, which are culled from the test weight and are not paid for when the crop is delivered to the processing enterprises. The most common lesions of the roots of chicory various pathogenic species of fungi: Phoma rostrupii Sacc., Botrytis cinerea (P.) Fr. J, Erwiria carotovora (Jones) Holt. Production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, resistant to root rot both during the growing season and during long-term storage. To develop transgenic varieties among the many varieties to allocate genetic sources of this feature below in further breeding work to fix him in generations. The article presents the data on the study of the defeat of root crops of root chicory varieties of different ecological and geographical origin of different types of root rot in the collection nursery (including the provocative background) for 2015-2017 in the NonChernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the Rostov region of the Yaroslavl oblast. The best resistance to root rot were varieties Luxor (Holland) and Harpachi (Hungary), the roots of which did not have signs of root rot, varieties Petrovsky (Russia), Wixor (Holland) and Sleszka (Czech Republic) were weakly affected (less than 2%). During the long winter storage, the best on this basis, proven varieties Harpachi (Hungary), Spicak (Czech Republic) and Luxor (the Netherlands), which had been preserved. These varieties can serve as a source of resistance to root rot and can be involved in the selection process as a donor of this feature.

Clubroot disease (causative organism Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) is among the most economically important and harmful diseases of the cole crops, and the damage due to this disease may reach up to 50-75% of the yield and even 100% in epiphytotics years. Even resistant varieties become susceptible over the years, because of appearance of the new pathogen races and change of climatic conditions in the main growing areas of the crop. In this context the Laboratory of Plant Immunity and Protection, of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” implements continuous phytoimmunological evaluation of collection and selection specimens and also directional material rather than just annual monitoring of causative organism dissemination in order to find new resistance sources. For this purpose an artificial infection background is used: compost obtained from decomposed nodules on the cabbage roots affected by clubroot disease (infection load 105-106 spores/cm3). The resistance of white cabbage varieties was evaluated during the harvesting period using five-point score of the root system damage, which formed the basis for categorization into resistance groups. For the analysis of artificial background intensity and specimen ranking the individual plants of the white cabbage variety Slava 1305, which is a susceptibility standard, were randomly planted in the entire area of the infection background. The impact of atmospheric conditions in the study year on the results of phytopathological evaluation of cabbage selection specimens against the infection background is demonstrated. Under unfavorable conditions for pathogen development (2014) the most specimens (74%) were categorized as relatively resistant, while in favourable for pathogen year 2015 relatively resistant specimens comprised only 5% of the total number of studied specimens. Since the same specimen may show different level of resistance depending on the year conditions, the stability of character manifestation is the important criterion for identification of the resistance resources. Phytopathological evaluation aimed on selection of clubroot-resistant forms in the Moscow region should last for at least three years even with the use of infection background. Long-lasting evaluation showed that the strains No 234/15,140/14,216/17 exhibiting high resistance to clubroot against artificial infection background regardless of the year conditions are the most valuable for selection. The resistance of white cabbage selection varieties to clubroot disease was studied against the infection background.

Potatoes in all categories of farms in the Permskii Krai occupy 41.3 thousand hectares, in agricultural enterprises – 4.5 thousand hectares, with an average yield for 2014-2016 of 13.9 t / ha. The Permskii Krai there are all the prerequisites for obtaining high yields of potatoes. One of them is potato seed production. Variety, one of the important tasks of seed production, without it, with the ever-increasing need for new universal varieties that combine preservation of the original qualities for as long as possible, i.e. high stable productivity, early yield accumulation, good culinary and technical qualities (starchiness, good keeping quality, etc.) with resistance to the most harmful diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions cannot be dispensed with. The purpose of research: the identification of promising varieties of potatoes, highly productive, in the Perm region. Investigations were carried out in 2011-2016 at the central experimental field of the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science. In the collection nursery, 33 varieties of three groups of precocity were tested. A comparative assessment of potato varieties by yield and economic characteristics is presented. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Perm Territory were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428- 05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group. Comparative assessment of potato varieties according to yield and economic characteristics is presented; studies were carried out at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science in the soil and climatic conditions of 2011-2016. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Permskii Krai were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428-05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group.