The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the head institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center - the oldest and leading breeding organization for vegetable crops, better known in the scientific and socio-economic spheres of the Russian Federation by its historical name - VNIISSOK. The center's activity dates back to the creation in 1920 of the Gribovskaya Vegetable Breeding Experimental Station, where, under the leadership of Professor Sergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, a theoretical and practical basis for the development of domestic breeding was laid. In 1970, the experimental station was transformed into the AllUnion Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops, and in 1992 into the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. Over the years, breeding methods have been developed and improved, including modern biotechnological methods, using molecular marking and interspecies hybridization. The results obtained during this period reflect the traditions of scientific schools and approaches laid down by scientists-breeders, seed growers, vegetable growers, flower growers, both in the field of basic research, and in the creation of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops. The organizational and structural reform of breeding institutions carried out in 2017 contributed to the formation of the Federal scientific vegetable center (FSBSI FSVC), which includes VNIISSOK as the parent organization and 8 branches located in various ecological and geographical zones. At a new stage of development, the FSBSI FSVC continues its glorious traditions. Scientists have obtained world-class results in basic research and competitive selection achievements in priority applied research. The scientific results and structural changes that have occurred over the hundred-year period of the breeding establishment are the foundation for the further development of the vegetable science in the country.

Modern crop cultivation technologies have reached the limits of “saturation” both in the ecological (environmental pollution, suppression of the mechanisms of its self-regulation), energy (exponential growth of irreplaceable energy costs for each additional unit of production), and in production. In this regard, environmental factors (air drought, frosts, active temperatures, etc.), which cannot be optimized, are becoming increasingly important in ensuring a steady increase in the yield of cultivated plant forms. In recent decades, more and more attention has been paid to technogenic and biological systems of agriculture, based on the ecologization and biologization of the intensification processes of adaptive crop production. Such approaches are the precision agriculture system (PA) and QTL analysis. Using these approaches allows not only to ensure a steady increase in productivity due to the combined use of the advantages of precision farming and molecular genetic assessment, including the creation of new forms and varieties that are responsive to РА agricultural practices, but also to level the negative impact of abiotic and biotic environmental factors that limit the size and quality of the crop as well as plant productivity. It is shown that the strategy of adaptive intensification of crop production through the use of the TK system and QTL analysis approaches is not alternative to existing farming systems, however, it focuses modern agriculture on the growth of knowledge-intensive agricultural production as a whole. An analysis of the causes under consideration, the current unfavorable trends in modern crop production and agriculture, clearly shows their scale and long-term nature, and therefore the inevitability of the search for new priorities for intensification of crop production and agriculture, providing a qualitatively new stage of their development in the interests of man.

Relevance. As a source of juicy feed for livestock, fodder beet plays a leading role among fodder root crops. It plays an important role to solve the problem of improving domestic feed production, since the production of fodder beet is the most balanced in terms of carbohydrate and protein complex. A large number of feed units from the area of sowing in a complex with a high yield, a balanced mineral complex and the possibility of long-term storage makes the crop in demand for the livestock complex in Russia. The VIR fodder beet collection has a rich gene pool and, given the lack of varieties and hybrids in the State Register of the Russian Federation, is a source of raw material for domestic breeding.

The purposeof the study is to identify the potential of the collection of fodder beet in the most important areas of modern crop selection.

Materials and methods. The experiment involved a representative sample of 190 accessions that were grown in the vegetable crop rotation of the Research and Production Base of Pushkin Laboratories of the VIR from 2015 to 2019. Description and biochemical studies were carried out according to the VIR Guidelines.

Results. The characteristics of fodder beet cultivars with signs of high yield, productivity, resistance to abiotic and biotic factors, suitability for mechanized harvesting and storability were given. There was a manifestation of axenium resistance of the culture to cercosporosis due to morphophysiological characteristics of the leaf apparatus of plants.

Conclusions.The VIR fodder beet collection has a wide variety and well-studied gene pool, which is the potential to create the modern varieties and hybrids of crops with a complex of economically valuable characteristics, which are necessary for their high-tech production. 

Relevance. The genus Brassica includes the most important vegetable, oilseed, spice and forage crops. Many representatives of cabbage are widely used as model objects for studying economically valuable traits. Limited publications devoted to the study of genetic aspects of the implementation of morphological quantitative features of B. rapaand the lack of data on the influence of environmental parameters on their implementation make it a very urgent task to study these features in the RAES.

Material and methods.The purpose of this work is to study the influence of environmental light factors on the manifestation of economically valuable features in the mapping populations of B. rapain the RAES. The peculiarity of our research is the study of lines of mapping populations of B. rapa in strictly controlled conditions of the RAES. The studied populations were grown under optimal conditions with a 12-hour photoperiod. 21 DH 30 lines and 31 DH 38 lines were used. Several types of economically valuable traits were studied: the timing of transition to flowering, the growth rate of the plant, the habit and morphological characteristics of the leaf and leaf rosette.

Results. A high degree of variation in the expression of the studied traits between lines within the population was revealed, which is consistent with previously published data [1, 2]. Highly productive genotypes, which can be used in further genetic selection work, including for obtaining genotypes, lines, and varieties adapted for growing in light culture, have been selected. The obtained data can also be used for further study of the influence of physical environmental factors on the manifestation of selectively significant quantitative traits in cabbage plants. 

Relevance.The contribution of varietal and environmental factors to the variability of the length of the endosperm and the embryo of carrot seeds was studied.

Materials and methods. The objects of study were the original seeds of Rogneda, Lubava and Chernozemochka, Chantene 2461 and Boyarynya varieties. The seeds were grown at the Voronezh and West Siberian experimental stations. The linear dimensions of the seed and endosperm were measured using a caliper. The length of the embryo was measured using a microscope (Micromed) and a video eyepiece (DCM 300 MD) at х40 magnification. Statistical processing of the research data two-factor experiment was carried out using analysis of variance. Differences in the compared parameters were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.

Results. The linear dimensions of all the main elements of seeds, as well as the index of Ie/z on average for three years significantly differed in the studied carrot varieties (P < 0.001). The maximum length of the seed (3.14±0.02 mm), the length of the endosperm (2.66±0.02 mm) and the length of the embryo (1.23±0.03 mm) on average for three years was observed in the Rogneda variety. The average coefficient of variation (V) of seed length was minimal and varied from 10.1% to 12.9%. The average values of the coefficient of variation (V) for the length of the endosperm varied in a wider range from 12.0% to 14.6%. The length of the embryo had a maximum level of variability from 18.7% in the Rogneda variety to 20.3% in the Chernozemochka variety 21.3%. The variety factor had a predominant influence (from 50.8 % to 86.5 %) on the size of the seed and its morphological elements. The contribution of the environmental conditions of the year of reproduction to the formation of morphometric parameters did not exceed 22.3 %. This allowed us to draw a conclusion about the prospects of selection and the possibility of selective changes in the morphological parameters of the seed. 

Relevance. One of the main methods for solving the problem of providing the population of the Russian Federation with vegetable and melon products is the development of selection and seed production. The creation of new competitive varieties and hybrids will enable the vegetable industry to transfer to a qualitatively new level of development.

Material and methods.The object of research is new varieties and hybrids of watermelon, melon and pumpkin, created at the Bykov experimental station in the rainfed conditions of the Volgograd TransVolga region. Methods of creation are intervarietal and interlinear hybridization.

Results and conclusions.As a result of breeding work at the station, a number of varieties and heterosis hybrids of melons and gourds were created, which significantly expanded the assortment of the melon breeding industry. Over the past 5 years, 4 varieties of watermelon, 2 heterotic hybrids of watermelon, 3 varieties of melon and 1 grade of pumpkin have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The assortment of new varieties varies in terms of ripening, dry matter content, shape and color of the fruit background, as well as in color and pulp consistency. The length of the growing season of the created varieties and hybrids of watermelon ranges from 63 days in early ripening (Duet F1, Temp F1, Meteor) to 85 in the mid-ripening variety Malachite. The highest solids content of the new variety of watermelon Medunok is up to 14%. Among melon varieties, the shortest growing season is characterized by the Comet variety up to 70 days. All varieties have a high solids content of 14.0-19.0% and a thick flesh. Promising pumpkin varieties are distinguished by a bright coloration of the pulp, a high carotene content and a long storage period. Thus, the introduction of new varieties of gourds in commodity and home garden melon farming will allow the conveyor growing of products, increase the product mix and the period of consumption of fresh produce. 

Relevance. Hybrid seed production of carrots is carried out on a three-line basis, which suggests the presence of a male sterile maternal line and a fertile paternal line. For the reproduction of a male sterile line, a maintainer line is needed. The process of creating an isogenic pair of a manly sterile line – a maintainer line is of great complexity. As a maintainer line, it is necessary to use only a plant – a homozygote Cyt N msms for the core genes providing sterility, but with a normal cytoplasm. The purpose of the work is the creation of maintainer line for the sterility of carrots from the population of the Rogneda variety.

Methods. Research were carried out: in 2016, at the experimental base of the Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station (Voronezh Region); in 2017 - 2019, at the breeding center of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region). The material for the work was seed plants and roots of the Rogneda variety and hybrid, inbred, backcross progenies obtained from this population. Breeding methods: hybridization, inbreeding. Crosses used: simple direct and complex return (backcrosses), inbreeding.

Results.Research revealed the possibility of searching for a maintainer line in the Rogneda variety. The P43f inbred progeny is potential line B, which maintains the CMS trait of the petaloid type at 100%. Of the 67 hybrid progenies, only P43st x P43f was left, in which all plants with male sterility. 65 hybrid progenies contained both sterile and fertile plants. Associated 65 inbred progenies had sterile and fertile plants, i.e. it makes no sense to try to obtain a maintainer line is needed. The process of creating an isogenic pair of a manly sterile line – a maintainer line from such fertile plants. Hybrid progeny of P4st x P4f had 100% fertile plants. The inbred progeny of P4f was represented only by fertile plants. 

Relevance. The aim of the work is to define the adaptive ability and environmental plasticity of pea genotypes of different ripeness groups which were selected in Krymsk EBS VIR Branch in special conditions of Krasnodar region.

Materials and methods.Eleven pea varieties and one pea strain were sown for studying in fields of Krymsk EBS VIR Branch in 2013-2017. The area of the plot was 10 m2. Each variety was sown three times. The recording of the harvest was made in period of industrial ripeness. The share of influence of different factors on the yield of pea was defined with the help of mathematical methods. The differential ability of environmental and adaptive ability of genotypes, stability and environmental plasticity were also defined.

Results.2013 was the most unfavorable year because of the bad weather conditions. That year the pea yield was only 5/1 tons per hectare. We detected a great influence of the environmental factors (38%), the genotype factors (31) and their cooperative factors (27) on the yield of pea. The main differential ability of environmental was detected in 2016 and 2016. There were average conditions in 2014. During all years of studying there was a high effect of environmental destabilization which showed the great difference between the yields of the different genotypes. The following genotypes were found: the genotypes with a high total adaptive ability – Kudesnik 2, Vesta (k-9352) Berkut (k-8856), G-344/16; stable genotypes – Krasavchik (k-9449) and Istok (k-9353); the genotypes with an environmental plasticity – Alpha (k-7071), Vesta (k-9352), Parus (k-9350), G-344/16. The varieties which were found for breeding purposes on the totality of different characteristics of adaptability, stability and environmental plasticity are Prima (o155213) of a very early ripeness group, Vesta (k-9352) – medium-early, Parus (k-9350, leafless) –medium and the G-344/16 – medium-late. 

Relevance. High temperatures are among the environmental factors that negatively affect the development of most crops including tomatoes. Thus, important condition for the realization of potential plant productivity is the heat resistance.Methods of the gamete selection in combination with classical approaches can be used to select resistant genotypes and create initial breeding material with resistance to the temperature factor.

Materials and methods.The experiments were carried out with intraspecific hybrids F4 of tomato: Elvira x Milenium, Elvira x Tomis, Elvira x Prestij, Mihaela x Milenium, Mihaela x Tomis, Mihaela x Prestij, Jubiliar х Milenium, Jubiliar x Tomis, Jubiliar x Prestij, Milenium x Elvira, Milenium x  Mihaela. Plants were grown in the field. Flowers were collected, anthers were separated, pollen was isolated. Pollen was heated for 2 or 4 hours at 43°C in the experimental variants. In the control, pollen was maintained at a temperature of 26°C. Then pollen was sown and germinated on a cultural medium. The viability was determined by the length of pollen tubes.

Results.A different reaction of pollen grains to temperature influence was established. The main sources of variability and their contribution to the variability of the pollen and seedling traits were determined. The temperature and genotype mainly determine the variability of the gametophyte and sporophyte. More than half of the hybrids combined high indicators of resistance of both pollen and seedlings, formed a larger number of flowers and better set fruits. Thus, tomato genotypes with good indicators of heat-resistance for applying in breeding have been identified based on a complex of methods for assessing the resistance of hybrids using gametophyte and sporophyte characteristics, as well as results of genetic-statistical analysis. 

Relevance.Tomato hybrids of the "beef" type are a commodity group characterized by fruits whose mass exceeds 220-240 g. The fruits of this group are distinguished by an attractive aligned shape and color, large size and are in constant demand among consumers. In the assortment of supermarkets and markets, the share of "beef" tomatoes is 10-20% of the total volume.

Methods.The results of studying the characteristics of tomato hybrids allowed us to identify the most valuable characteristics for selection in the selection of "beef" tomatoes. Traditionally, we select donor lines for the signs "fruit weight from 200 g and above", "high yield", "disease resistance". For hybrids of professional use, we also evaluate such characteristics as" fruit density", "high uniformity", "ability to form fruits with high uniformity and marketability throughout the growing season". For hybrids and varieties for the hobby market, the most important characteristics are "High taste qualities", "aroma", "high dry matter content".

Results. As a result of selections based on these characteristics, such hybrids as Rumyani shar F1, Korallovy rif F1 (which are in demand not only in our country, but also in other countries), Katarina F1 were created. 

Relevance. The determining value in modern melon production is to increase the yield and market yield of environmentally friendly products at minimum costs for the cultivation of melons. For the development of the melon industry in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, the scientific search for technological solutions aimed at creating conditions for increasing the yield and quality of melon products becomes urgent.

Materials and methods. The object of research-melon, variety autumn. The types and doses of water-soluble fertilizers were studied: vegetable Aquarin, Novalon Foliar, and Hakafos. Fertilizers were used to treat plants during the growing season.

Results.Studies have established a high effect of the use of water-soluble fertilizers on vegetating plants, which allow eliminating adverse environmental factors. The yield from the use of water-soluble fertilizers in melon cultivation technology for the years of studies is 31.3 86.7% higher compared to the control variant (without treatments). In more favorable climatic conditions of the year, the maximum yield was obtained in the variant with the use of Hakafos in a half dose, which had a more balanced content of nutrients compared to other studied water-soluble fertilizers –15.5 t/ha, which is 21.1% more compared to the minimum dose, 42.2% more compared to the treatment of plants with water and 1.8 times more compared to pure control. In the dry conditions of 2019 and lower air temperatures during the ripening period, a similar trend was noted. Comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of fruits showed that water-soluble fertilizers do not have a negative impact on the environmental purity of the product, the amount of nitrates for all years of research did not exceed the MPC (90 mg/kg). Studies have determined the positive effect of water-soluble fertilizers on improving the quality of fruits, the content of dry substances, one of the main indicators, in the study periods, exceeds this indicator in the control version (without treatments). 

Relevance. Vegetable growing is a traditional sector of agriculture in Azerbaijan. The republic has all the conditions for its development, both natural and socio-economic.

Materials and methods. The aim of the research was to analyze the current state of vegetable growing in the republic, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, to determine the terms of support for producers from the state and branch science.

Results. The gross harvest of vegetables has been steadily growing in the last decades, and by 2019 amounted to 1715 thousand tons. The yield of vegetables also increased during this period from 14, 7 to 21.9 t / ha. In door production area is approximately 4800 ha. The production of greenhouse vegetables is focused on the Russian market. The bottleneck in the industry is vegetable seed production, a market with a capacity of almost 20 million euros is occupied by foreign companies. At the same time, the agricultural producers get state support in the form of subsidies and soft loans and a full tax exemption. Industry science is also developing: the Research Institute of Vegetable Production has been reconstructed and fully equipped, special training organized for vegetable growers in the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. Further development of the industry continues through the intensification and biologization of production, expanding the range and improving product quality. 

Relevance.The article presents the results of studying the economic and biological indicators of various coriander samples planted at the Absheron Experimental Base of the Genetic Resources Institute in the autumn and spring, to select the most promising of them and determine the optimal sowing dates that ensure production for most of the year.

Material and methods. The research material was the seeds of 5 coriander samples (Coriandrum sativum L.) from various early maturity groups introduced on Absheron: Ordubad (cat. No. 31); Iranian (Cat. No. 87); Azerbaijani (cat. No. 157); Dagestan (cat. No. 171); Borchali (cat. No. 167). When carrying out phenological observations, the onset of economic suitability, bolting, flowering and seed maturation was noted. The total yield from the plot was determined.

Results. Phenological observations have shown that depending on the date of coriander samples sowing, the duration of the vegetation period and individual phases of development changed. Sowing dates also significantly affected the early maturity and productivity of the samples, but for different samples to varying degrees. Optimal for the Absheron part of Azerbaijan is the timing of sowing coriander from mid-March to the end of April and in September. The most promising were the coriander samples: Azerbaijan (cat. No. 157), Dagestan (cat. No. 171) and Iranian (cat. No. 87). Sowing at the optimum time of the most productive varieties with a long period of harvest can ensure the uninterrupted supply of fresh coriander greens for most of the year. 

Relevance. Vertical farming – is a new and advanced direction in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Expansion biodiversity of plants for vertical farming occur with help of green leafy vegetables. Plants of Lamiaceae family are well known as aromatic and medicinal plants with high content of substances with antioxidant activity. It allows use these plants as a base for the functional nutrition. Leafy parts the plants of Lamiaceae family may be used as aromatic and healthy additions to traditional foods, such as salads, soups and sauces.  Goal of the study: analysis the biochemical composition of leafy parts plants of Lamiaceaefamily, cultivated at the multi circle hydroponic construction.

Materials and methods. 1) Plants: Monarda fistulosa L. (the breeding sample №5 U.P.), Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. (Simka variety), Melissa officinalisL. (Zhemchuzhina variety). 2) secondary metabolites: flavonoid glycoside linarozid and steroid glycoside moldstim.

Methods. 1) cultivation of plants Lamiaceae family at the 5 circles hydroponic construction; 2) analytic methods: determination of dry matter content, determination of ascorbic acid content, determination sum of chlorophylls and carotenoids, determination sum of antioxidants; 3) statistical methods. Results. First experiment the cultivation of plants Lamiaceae family at the multi circle hydroponic construction was successful. Location of plants at different circles of hydroponic installation didn’t influence the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid and sum of chlorophylls in leafy parts of plants Monarda fistulosaL. The content of dry matter and sum of antioxidants in leafy parts of Monarda fistulosaL. plants of the first cutting is significantly higher than of other cuttings. So, we can recommend the leaves of Monarda fistulosa L. plants of the first cutting for the healthy additions in the scheme of the functional nutrition. Seed treatment with water solutions of secondary metabolites changed significantly the weight of leaves: it was increased in Monarda citriodoraCerv. ex Lag. and in Melissa officinalisL. 

Relevance. A large number of forms and varieties of garlic created in the selection process allowed this culture to spread almost all over the world: in temperate regions, in subtropics and even in tropical regions. Currently, the world's acreage of garlic is 1.438 million hectares, the average yield is 16.9 tons per hectare, the gross yield is 24.255 million tons. The largest producers of garlic are China, India, South Korea and Egypt. The highest yield was recorded in Uzbekistan, Egypt, China, Tadjikistan. In Uzbekistan, it is grown everywhere, mainly on household plots and small areas in farms. In the republic, varieties of garlic are South-violet (1972) and May VIR (1978).

Material and methods. Since 2004, the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Vegetable Melon Crops and Potato Research Institute has been conducting selection work to create new varieties of garlic. As a result of the research, the Chidamli variety was introduced and, since 2016, introduced into the State Register. All zoned varieties belong to the group of autumn-sprouting varieties. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal nutritional area for seed plants of garlic in elite seed production. The object of research was the garlic variety Chidamli.

Results. During organization of elite seed рroduction, planting of clovers on pattern (40+15+15) x l0 sm, (40+10+10+10) x l0 sm was considered acceptable. Big and qualitatative bulbs and clovers were got bu this planting pattern. Yielding capacity was 24,4-26,2 t/ha, average weight of bulbs 63-66 g, clovers number 13,0 pcs., average weight of clovers 4,5-4,7 g. 

Relevance.Meeting the needs of the pharmaceutical industry with domestic medicinal raw materials is relevant.

Methods.The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness application by growth regulator, organomineral and microfertilizers on Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and Greater Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) in conditions of Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The experimental part of the work was performed in Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in 2010-2011 and 2016-2017 by field experiments. On burdock we tested fertilizer Siliplant (0.5 l / ha): the first treatment was in the rosette phase, the second - after 20 days. On sage studied binary mixture of organomineral fertilizer EcoFys (1 l / ha) with fertilizer Zitovit (0.5 l / ha; applied in phase regrowth of plants) with following foliar application by complex microfertilizers Siliplant (0.5 l / ha) and growth regulator Zircon (40 ml / ha). The solution consumption is 300 l / ha.

Results. The effectiveness of chelated form micro-fertilizers and organomineral fertilizers applied on various medicinal plants was shown. It has been established, that complex application by EcoFys+Zitovit (I treatment) and microfertilizer Siliplant with growth regulator Zircon (II treatment) can increase the productivity of Sage:  yield of grass raised by 23%, roots by 40%. Similar results were obtained on the Greater Burdock culture – treatment of plants with microfertilizer Siliplant allowed to increase the yield of roots by 28%, leaves-by 24%. 

Relevance. The most complex and common physiological disease on the cabbage is a tip burn, associated with impaired Ca2 + transport inside the plant. Of all the ways to control this physiological disease, the most effective is the cultivation of tolerant hybrids.

Material and methods.The aim of the research was to evaluate the mid-late and late ripening F1 hybrids of white cabbage for a tip burn and to determine the degree of hybrids responsiveness to calcium deficiency depending on weather conditions. The studies were carried out at breeding and experimental plot of the vegetable growing department at All-Russian Rice Research Institute in 2017-2019 on drip irrigation. Material - hybrid combinations of ARRRI breeding.

Results. The manifestation of a physiological disturbance called “burn of the top of the inner leaves of the cabbage head” or “tip burn” on individual hybrids was observed during all years of cultivation, but to a different degree; The greatest damage to the heads was recorded in the years (2017 and 2019) with high productivity, which is due to the intensive assimilation ability against the background of warm sunny weather. In 2019, the manifestation of burns was noted in 25% of hybrids, which allowed them to be divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of damage and the spread of the disease.It was established that hybrids with overmature standing for 2.5-3 weeks and also hybrids that were promptly removed at the time of mass technical ripeness had a high degree of damage. The lines that are most often found in hybrid combinations with signs of burns (269-824, Agr1321, 269Jas13, Byum112, Yas25, etc.) were identified, but it is rather difficult to assume the nature of inheritance, and, therefore, to develop the principle of pair selection when developing relatively stable hybrids also not yet possible.

Relevance. The use of molecular methods allows reliable and fast determination of the resistance of genotypes (varieties) to pathogens, thereby reducing possible product losses and, at the same time, maintaining its environmental safety. It is very important in conditions of increasing demand for high-quality agricultural production. Aim: Using molecular diagnosis of ʹCandidatus Phytoplasma solaniʹ to compare the degree of infection in some Moldavian tomato varieties at different stages of plant development.

Material and methods. The molecular analysis (nested-PCR) of plants of the four Moldavian tomato varieties (Elvira, Cerasus, Mary Gratefully, Desteptarea) created at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, and the wild formSolanum habrochaites, was carried out for the presence of the phytopathogen ʹCa. P. solaniʹ. Researches were made during two growing seasons.

Results. The distribution of infection between the studied varieties was different in the process of plants development. The spread of infection in the tomato field was recorded under the climatic conditions of two growing seasons: the season of 2018, which was hot but with normal rains in the middle of summer, and the season of 2019, in conditions of a very hot and dry summer. During both seasons, Cerasus variety manifested the highest resistance to ʹCa. P. solaniʹ infection.  A little more than half of plants of this variety were affected by stolbur only at the end of the growing season, after harvesting most of the crop. Varieties Elvira and Desteptarea had similar levels of infection of plants with phytoplasma during two years of research. These varieties manifested a higher sensitivity to phytoplasma infection compared with Cerasus. Mary Gratefully was the genotype with the highest dependence of the sensitivity toʹCa. P. solaniʹ infection from the climatic conditions of the growing season. Plants of the wild form Solanum habrochaites demonstrated complete immunity to phytoplasma infection during the growing season. Conclusion.The Cerasus variety, as well as the wild form Solanum habrochaites, can be recommended for including in breeding programs for the creating tomato varieties or hybrids resistant to phytoplasma. Thus, molecular diagnosis may be a useful tool for the breeding resistant genotypes. 

Relevance. Currently, the range of vegetable crops has firmly entered the bean, the protein of which is absorbed by the human body by 87% or higher. The main factor limiting the cultivation of beans in Belarus is the lack of varieties of this crop that are resistant to mycological diseases, primarily Anthracnose.

Materials and methods.The study included 34 samples of vegetable beans of mutant and hybrid origin obtained in the sector of legumes of vegetable crops of RUP "Institute of vegetable growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus". To obtain a mutagenic effect, induced mutagenesis was used in the form of the action of a radioactive isotope 60Со and a neodymium laser. Hybrid combinations were obtained by intraspecific hybridization of mutant samples. For molecular genome testing, DNA was isolated from plant leaves before flowering, and its purification was performed by Fermentas using a Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The concentration of the resulting DNA solution was determined by a spectrophotometric method on a CARY 50 SCAN. A Thermo Hybaid RX2 amplifier was used for PCR. The annealing temperature of the primer was determined using the program "oligocalculator". The CV 2014 primer was used as a marker. resistant genotypes to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Br. et Cav were at the band level of about 450 BP. Phytopathological assessment of plant infectivity was carried out on the basis of visual and instrumental methods, taking into account the reaction of plants and the intensity of the lesion, in the conditions of a natural infectious background in the phase of technical ripeness.

Results. Seven samples of beans were identified that have genetic resistance to Anthracnose and show it in the conditions of a natural infectious background. 

Relevance.Extract-based compositions, combining various types of biological activity were created and tested, to reveal the potential of genus Rheum (Polygonaceae)plants bioactive substances. The aim of the work was to determine the composition of bioactive substances in R. rhaponticum L. plants extracts and assess the possibility of their use as a means of protecting vegetable plants from powdery mildew.

Materials and methods. The methods of cultivation and research of R.rhaponticum plant materials was carried out at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (2012-2019). The subject of our study the bioactive substances of rhubarb roots and leaves were used.

Results.The localization zones of anthracene derivatives were identified: in the main parenchyma of the secondary cortex and the parenchyma of the core rays of the rhubarb root. The amount of flavonoids and phenols in the root extract is 2 times more than in the leaf extract. To study the fungicidal and stimulating properties of rhubarb root extract in the control of powdery mildew, we conducted studies in a greenhouse on vegetable plants using artificial infection of seedlings. It was found that the chlorophyll transmittance index of leaves treated with rhubarb root extract increases until the concentration of the extract (R) reaches 1.5% (157.3 rel. units)(In the control – 119.2 rel. units). With increasing concentration of the extract to 2%, the chlorophyll index falls 1.2 times lower than the control values. The highest immunostimulating and fungicidal activity, intensifying with the addition of rhubarb leaf extract, was shown by rhubarb root extract. Its biological effectiveness was high at any intervals between treatment and infection (4 and 72 hours), and was directly proportional to concentration. Adding rhubarb leaf extract to the rhubarb root extract enhances the activity of the composition, and the risk of developing pesticide resistance among plant pathogens decreased. 

Relevanc and methods. The article presents the research results on the introduction of artichoke in Uzbekistan. In the process of research, some issues of artichoke seed production in the conditions of dry subtropics of Uzbekistan were also studied. Studies were carried out on the Krasavets cultivar. When identifying the most effective method for forming a seed bush, the comparison of growing seed plants without formation and 4 methods of formation was compared: 1 stalk on a plant and 3 inflorescences on a stalk, 2 stems on a plant and three inflorescences on each, 3 stems on a plant and three inflorescences on each, 4 stems on the plant and three inflorescences on each.

Results.It was revealed that artichoke plants grow and develop, form full-fledged seeds during the growing season. The manifestation of morphobiological and economically valuable traits largely depends on the age of the plants. A significant reduction in the growing season, an increase in the height of plants and the number of stems, an increase in the average mass and number of inflorescences and, ultimately, yield occurs in the second year of plant life. It was also revealed that the potential productivity of artichoke plants in Uzbekistan is very high. The yield of the Krasavets cultivar in the second year of life is 55.5 t/ha, and that of the Green Globe cultivar is 39.2 t/ha. This is significantly higher than the global average. The highest seed productivity was noted in the variant without the formation of a seed plant: 734.2 g/plant or 15789 seeds/plant. However, in such indicators as the mass and number of seeds from one inflorescence, the mass of 1000 seeds of a plant without formation is significantly inferior to other options. Based on the results of experiment 3, 4, 5, the options can be considered appropriate to use in artichoke seed production.