The problem of stability of plants of the onion to the most nocuous diseases acquired in the world a paramount value. Untrue mealy dew or peronosporoz onion related to their number, astonishes many kinds of the sort Allium L. and, primarily, onion napiform. Information of presence of immune grades of the onion of napiform are absent, are just of the grade with various level of stability. In years, the favorable for development of this disease, it can cause larger losses at cultivation a sevka, onions turnip and seeds. This disease almost everywhere is widespread. The activator of a peronosporoz is the mushroom of Peronospora destructor (Berk) of Casp. the typical obligate parasite living and eating on the growing plants and striking leaves and flower-colored. Use of expensive chemical means of struggle just limits dissemination of peronosporoz, but radically does not solve the problem of protection of plants, not to mention deterioration in an ecological situation. At selection of the onion of napiform to resistance to peronosporoz interspecific hybridization is the most promising, though this way is long and difficult. The main purpose with the use of interspecific hybridization is creation of forms combining presence of stored bulbs and with high resistance to peronosporoz and sufficient a fecundity. The pollen of plants for transfer of genes supervising high stability and high content they be valuable substances from multi-annual onions to the onion to napiform. In the article results of joint researches of the laboratory of selection of onions cultures, genetics and cytology, immunity of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of selection and seed farming of vegetable cultures (VNIISSOK) on development of methods of interspecific hybridization and creation of the forms of interspecific hybrids combining presence of stored bulb with high resistance to peronosporoz, the technology of selection process, results of selection and interspecific hybrids of the onion created in the VNIISSOK and approved to use in various Russia regions are presented.

The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 on the experimental fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of the city of Almaty, under irrigation conditions. The aim of the research was a comprehensive field assessment of selective onion samples with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galantum and their derivatives – varietal-linear hybrids obtained by pollination with domestic cultivars. Visual assessment, which was conducted on the background of natural disease infection, showed that 20 accessions of onions had a very weak susceptibility to peronosporosis (1-10% of leaves); 63 – weak susceptibility (11-25% of the leaves); 91 - average susceptibility (26- 50% of leaves); 118 – severe susceptibility (more than 51% of the leaves). As the results of the research showed, onion accessions differed significantly in terms of productivity: the gross yield varied from 13,3 to 83,6 t/ha, the commodity yields ranged from 10,6 to 78,3 t/ha, and the marketability ranged from 65,4 up to 98,8%. Yield level above 70 t/ha had breeding accessions with sterile cytoplasm from onion Galanthum: ON518, ON533, ON519 and ON516, amounting to 83,6; 75,3; 74,2 and 73,4 t/ha, respectively. Very high marketability of bulbs had breeding accessions ON171 – 98,8%, ON439 – 97,6% and ON158 – 96,8%. The value of storage losses varied depending on the genotype of the selected onion breeding material. The greatest physiological reduction in weight was observed in the accessions ON517 – 32,1%, ON516 – 26,5%, ON533 – 24,2% and ON336 – 17,7%, and the lowest - in the accessions ON431 – 4,6%, ON486 – 4,0% and ON327 – 3,4%. The correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the parameters of the onion yield and its storabilioty (R = -0,10-0,24). Storability was mainly due to the physiological reduction in weight (R = -0,59), bulb soft rot (R = -0,59) and bulb sprouting (R = -0,69).

A large number of forms and varieties of garlic created in the selection process allowed this culture to spread almost all over the world: in temperate regions, in subtropics and even in tropical regions. Currently, the world's acreage of garlic is 1.438 million hectares, the average yield is 16.9 tons per hectare, the gross yield is 24.255 million tons. The largest producers of garlic are China, India, South Korea and Egypt. The highest yield was recorded in Uzbekistan, Egypt, China, Tadjikistan. In Uzbekistan, it is grown everywhere, mainly on household plots and small areas in farms. In the republic, varieties of garlic are South-violet (1972) and May VIR (1978). Since 2004, the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the VegetableMelon Crops and Potato Research Institute has been conducting selection work to create new varieties of garlic. As a result of the research, the Chidamli variety was introduced and, since 2016, introduced into the State Register. All zoned varieties belong to the group of autumn-sprouting varieties. In 2011- 2015, about 100 promising clones of garlic were evaluated in the south of Uzbekistan. The effectiveness of selection for the size of bulbs and teeth is revealed. Clones with a mass of bulbs and teeth are isolated. Clones with a bulb weight of more than 80 g and a tooth mass of more than 6 g are distinguished. They are a valuable source for the creation of high-yielding varieties of garlic in Uzbekistan.

Research conducted at the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection found that when using the peripheral and internal cloves of garlic for planting in comparison with the use of them of different locations without calibrating them by mass, during the growth between the variants differences in the area of the leaf surface of plants were observed. Indicator of the foliage also depends on of the location of the garlic cloves in the bulb. The location of garlic cloves, peripheral and internal, as a planting material, also affects the growth of vegetative mass formation and bulb weight. In the bulb structure the peripheral cloves of garlic have some increase in their quality over internals (the ratio is in the range of 60:40%). Analysis of the obtained productivity data makes it possible to note that in the formation of high yields of non-clotting garlic, the location of the clove of garlic in the bulb is of the leading importance. Differences in gross and commodity yields, between variants (B3) and (B2) are not so great, but the advantage of the first one is everywhere traced. Studies have also found that the use of all garlic cloves for planting at different locations without calibrating them by weight, leads to differently bulbs maturing time, which makes the harvesting process more difficult and leads to additional labor costs, in which case when harvesting - 24% of it consist of small noncommodity bulbs. The use of the same mass garlic cloves of different locations for planting ensures the simultaneous of ripening, a greater proportion of standard bulbs and a high quality of planting material.

The work is carried out in the framework of the onion F1 breeding program. The practical purpose of the work is to carry out genetic selection of onion forms using molecular genetic markers of male sterility in the course of obtaining the maternal line for heterotic selection of F1 hybrids. The scientific component of these studies was the study of the population-genetic basis of various types of male sterility in onions of the Belarusian genmplasma. We used belarusian varieties Vetraz and Skarb litvinov and a collection of other varieties and hybrids. Markers of the mitochondrial genes orfA501, cob and the nuclear alleles Ms/ms, cosegregating with genes of fertility restorer/S-sterility maintainer genes, were studied. It has been shown that in the Vetraz variety are observed plants with the N- or T-cytotype in N-cytoplasm (TN-). The belarusian variety Scarb litvinov contains plants with the cytotypes N-, S, TN-, SN-, STN-. As a result, it was concluded that the male sterility of the Vetraz variety is T-type, and in the Scarp litvinov variety is complex, and is caused by the cytoplasmic alleles S- and T-. In both varieties: Vetraz and Scarb litvinov the sources of the ms locus causing the S-type of male sterility have been identified. Less than one-fifth of the number of world collection of varieties and hybrids was detected as Scytotype. This value is smaller than the value given in the scientific literature. However it may reflect the significant spread of the original S-cytoplasm of a single plant of the shortday Italian Red variety in the world onion germplasm.

Garlic is exclusively vegetatively propagated plant which damaged by numerous virus, bacterial, fungus and other phytopathogens. Under propagation of damaged plants phytopathogens are transferred to progeny that leads to decrease in productivity, loss of quality, storability and frequently to degeneration of cultivars. In this regard improvement of landing material is obligate stage of the modern technologies of garlic production. Experimentally reasonable technology of the obtaining revitalized landing material of winter garlic based on in vitro cultivation of air bulbils on MS medium containing BA in concentration of 2 mg/l and NAA – 1 mg/l, which followed by formation of sprouts and then plants with bulbs is presented in the article. It is established that application of graduated sterilization of air bulbils isolated from not revealed inflorescences with diameter up to 25 mm for introduction in vitro culture allows to obtain plants free of internal infections. One of important factors influencing effectiveness of induction of morphogenesis is the plant genotype. Cultivar Emperor was characterized by high morphogenetic potential in vitro culture which significantly surpassed cultivar Gladiator at all stages of cultivation. The share of vital explants of Emperor cultivar consisted of 74,2%, and Gladiator cultivar – 56,3%. The morphogenesis of air bulbils in vitro conditions depends on their age. The share of vital micro bulbs with leaves formed under cultivation of air bulbils within 21 days isolated on 7th day after of exit of inflorescences from leaf sockets in depending on cultivar consisted of 65,0% and 76,4%. Cultivation of air bulbils of more old age is followed by their 100% growth with formation of leaves and microbulbs. Adaptation of such plants to ex vitro conditions is followed by obtaining monoclove bulbs cultivation of which in the open ground conditions leaded to formation of polyclove bulbs.Cultivation of plants in vitro on the medium containing sucrose in concentration of 10% gives the chance to keep viability material within 5-6 months.

Three varieties of onions have been created and included in the State Register of the Russian Federation for the first time in the Far East at Primorskaya Vegetable experimental station – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” (PVES - Branch of the FSBSI FSVC). Dmitrich: Medium. The bulb is cross-elliptical, weighing 55-70 g. Dry scales are brown, their number is 2-3, juicy scales are white with a greenish tinge. The neck of a medium-sized, two- or threepart. It have semi-acute taste. Trading yields 162-177 kg/ha. Maximum yield of 270 kg/ha (Khabarovsk region). Ivashka: Medium. The bulb is round, weighing 50-60 g, dry scales are pink, their number is 2-3, juicy scales with a pinkish tinge. It have semi-acute taste. Rocket: Medium. The bulb is wide elliptical, weighing 50-60 g. Dry brown scales, their number 2-3, juicy scales are white. It have semi-acute taste. The method of hybridization created a promising variety Antey, which is transferred to the state variety testing: early (vegetation period when sowing seeds in the soil 105-115 days). The bulb is round (index 0.9-1.1), the color of juicy scales is white. Aging before cleaning – up to 95%, keeping the storage 180 days – up to 92%. It have semi-acute taste, the dry matter content of 9.5-11.0%. Relatively resistant to bacterial rots of the bulb. For today the basic line of grades, optimally suitable for agroclimatic conditions of region which will be used for further selection with use of modern molecular-genetic methods together with scientists of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy and Japanese Partners in the RNF project.

In commodity farms, the technology of growing onions is sown by sowing seeds from a one-year crop. This, in turn, introduces new requirements for growing technology, technical means and, most importantly, for varieties and hybrids of onions. The average yield of onion in Russia is at a low level - 20-30 tons / ha. New varieties and hybrids must have precocity, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests, good crabness. The success of selection work, as is known, is largely determined by the source material. The priority is to create heterotic hybrids of onion, showing increased viability, high stable yield and leveling, general resistance to pathogens, increasing the content of vitamins, proteins, dry substances, increasing cold resistance, drought resistance, and keeping quality. In the department of selection and seed production of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI FSVC is breeding onions for growing in the annual culture of the Central strip of Russia. The study was conducted in 2017 with the setting of experiments in the open field. In the collection nursery 24 samples of onions of different geographical origin were investigated: Russia, the Netherlands, Italy and the USA. During the study, phenological, biometric measurements and a morphological description of the samples were carried out. As a result of the study of a set of economically valuable traits, the following samples of onion were identified and involved in the work: Ermak, Stuttgarter Riesen, Sturon, Forward, Crx 2381 F1, Santero F1, Sandra F1, Lamyca F1, Bennito F1, Premium F1.

Studies were conducted in the Moscow region. The object of research is leek (Allium porrum L.). As a result of carrying out an experiment with ten grades of leek of domestic and foreign selection high-quality reaction on accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr is revealed. It is found out that leek is not the fissile accumulator of accumulation of pollyutant in the conditions of the Central Non-black zone. On the average on ten varieties accumulation 137Cs 13.5 made Bq/kg, at a grade 4. However at the study of high quality standards forms that contained less radionuclides in comparison with others were allocated. On maintenance 90Sr distribution on the groups of accumulation of sorts approaches normal. A group is most representative with the middle level of accumulation of radionuclide 90Sr: from 15.4 to 16.5 Bq/kg. It contains two standards from ten studied forms by the high level of maintenance 90Sr sorts differ Goliath and Kazimir. In the conditions of vegetation of 2016 and 2017 indicators on morphological features are received: number of leaves, plant height, leaves length, leaves width. By us it is defined that the varieties of Giraffes, accumulating 137Cs in less as compared to other standards of varieties, excels substantially all standards of varieties 137Cs on such quantitative sign as a "number of leaves". It should be noted that the analysis of the received results demonstrates that at a high level of accumulation 137Cs of a plant created larger leaves and had higher chance stalk in comparison with plants with low level of accumulation of an element (137Cs).

The research was carried out at the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Vegetable-Melon Plant and Potato Research Institute in 2013-2015.mThe aim of the research was to evaluate F1 hybrids and their parental forms by early maturity and to identify the most promising combinations in the conditions of southern Uzbekistan. The studies are devoted to the selection of the parental forms of tomato of different maturation period and the creation on their basis of F1 tomato hybrids and their evaluation on a set of economically valuable traits, primarily on early maturity. The total yield was highest for Dar Zavolzhye, Chelnok, Persey, Utro-2, Slava Moldova, Gruntoviy Gribovskiy 1180, Lyana (51.4-64.4 t/ha) and F1 hybrids: Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, VIR-100 x Perseus, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Liyana, Lyana x Persey, Novichok x Slava Moldova, (76,2-90,8 t/ha). High early yield properties are distinguished in the samples of Ion-N, Lyana, Gruntovy Gribovsky 1180, Utro -2, VIR-100, Dar Zavolzhye (21.7-30.5 t/ha) and hybrid combinations Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Lyana, Lyana x Ion-N, the productivity of which for the first three harvest is 25.8-34.2 t/ha. The high effect of heterosis on the overall yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Argo x Slava Moldovy, Lyana x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Novichok x Slava Moldovy. The above hybrids exceeded the most productive parent by 21.6-33.6 t / ha. The effect of heterosis was 39.6-64.0%. A high effect of heterosis (from 107.5 to 161.2%) on early yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Dar Zavolzhye x Novichok, Lyana x Ion-N. Ion-N, VIR-100, Argo, Lyana, and the Slava Moldovy are distinguished according to this important indicator of the maturity of ripening. Only three combinations of Ion-H x Persey, Ion-N x VIR-100, Lyana x IonN, with the maturity of fruit ripening 43-54%.

The results of the research work carried out during the period 2015-2017 are outlined. on the practical selection of pumpkin in the conditions of the Volgograd Transvolga. The results of studying the assortment of pumpkin varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in collection nurseries are presented. The most promising samples adapted to local soil and climatic conditions have high productivity (Sviteny, Chino, Marina di Chioggia, Silber Bell (USA), Kham (Laos), image (Spain), Local (Kazakhstan), Gribovskaya winter, Teshchenka , Zucchini Malchugan, and the quality of the fruit: (Chino, Chirimen nankin (Japan), Cachi JNTA (Argentina), Mantova Uyghur (Kazakhstan), Duchess, Vega F1, Sweetie, Pampushka, Green Warted Habbard (USA). A new hybrid material was obtained, an estimation of its productivity of consumer achestv, stability to bio- and abiotic factors. accessions selected promising superior standards major ecological and morphological and economically valuable traits. The characteristics of the best selected hybrid combinations are given in comparison with the standards. The most productive are hybrid combinations: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Sweet x Elegant, Local (Kirghizia) x Zorka, zucchini Mountain Anchor. The yield of these samples exceeds the standards by 13.3-92.2%. The quality of the fruit is distinguished by the hybrids: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Marina di Chioggia, Pampushka x Elegant, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Zaslavia x POOS6-07, Zorka x Oreshek, Altair x Elegant. The content of dry substances in the fruits of these samples is 2.0-8.8% higher than the standards.

The excretion and inculcation of stamped varieties of tomato and hybrids into production are of particular value in conditions of dry subtropics. In this regard, during 2013-2015 in the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes, a collection of tomato strains was studied for biological and economic precocity, maturity, etc. For the duration of the «young growthflowering» period, the best were No.86, Yamal, GemState, and Sever. Blooming on the first brush, they come in 8-13 days before the standard variety. The Argo, Chelnyok, Ion-N, Alpatyeva 905а, L-923-92 samples with a duration of 38-40 days have a short period of «flowering-ripening». Maturation of the first fruit (fetus) occurs 1-3 days earlier than the standard. By weight of the fetus, the samples studied can be divided into two groups: medium fruit (61-93 g) – L-923-92, Argo; small fruit (28-58 g) – GemState, Ion-N, Sever, Nevsky, etc., only 10 samples. The total yield varies from 16.4 to 55.5 t/ha, depending on the variety. Samples No.86 and Chelnok are 7.7 and 12.3% higher than the standard for the general harvest. The lowest overall yield is GemState, Ion-N, Sever, Nevsky, Yamal, Argo, L-923-2, with a yield of 16.4-34.1 t/ha, which is 33.2- 69.0% of the standard. The only sample No.86 for the early harvest is 32% higher than the standard. As a result of the study and a comprehensive assessment of tomato stamping varieties, the biologically early ripened ones are Sever, Nevsky, Ion-N, Otradny, GemState, the sprouting-maturing period of which is 95-99 days; economically early ripened – No.86; amity of ripening of samples – Yamal, Sever, Ion-N, Nevsky, Stamped Alpatyeva 905a, GemState, with maturity ripeness from 69 to 90%. They are a valuable source material for selection of stamped, early-ripening, amity of ripening varieties of tomato for dry subtropics conditions of Uzbekistan.

The popularity and wide spread of table beet due to its high nutritional qualities, content of biologically active substances (betaine and betanin), that make it a functional food. For Russia, characterized by a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions, varieties with high adaptability are necessary. Results of studying the genetic resources of table beet, including evaluation of cold resistance and non-bolting, monogermicity, productivity and quality of production are given in article. 56 accessions received by the collection of VIR from 17 countries are served as material for researches. Field study, evaluation of accessions during storage and analysis were carried out according to the methodological instructions of VIR. The evalution of the different origin beet accessions for their bolting showed that varieties from Sweden and Finland, as well as from the northwestern region of Russia, were the most bolting resistant. The variation in the level of bolting in domestic varieties of table beet was significant: from resistant to strongly bolting. The greatest tendency to bolting was observed in domestic varieties of southern origin. The harmfulness of the black root is especially significantly in the modern technology of beet cultivation, when sowing is carried out at a given density of standing plants. There are no varieties absolutely resistant to black root yet. Extra Early Egypt (USA), Banko (Sweden) and Fire Chief (USA), Detroit Supra and Detroit Bolivar (Netherlands), Kholodostoikaya 19 (Belarus), Bravo (Russia) were carried out from the studied accessions. The varieties of wide range, which annually provide a stable harvest in different soil and climatic conditions: Special Crosby (USA) and Forono (Denmark), Bordo 237 (Russia). For the Northern areas as well as inwinter and early spring sowings varieties Fiere Chief и Extra Early (USA), Banko and Adoptiv (Sweden), Podzimnyaya-474 Polyarnaya Ploskaya (Russia) are suitable.

When working with pollen, it is important to keep its functional parameters for some time. To do this, you need to choose the best conditions to preserve pollen germination. The influence of different method of pollen storage of inbred plants of beetroot on its functional characteristics, at germination on artificial nutrient medium under conditions in vitro. When storing pollen in eppendorf tube for the second-third day, the pollen germination decreased by 3-10 times compared to the initial value, after a week of storage, pollen was in conglomerates, a lot of burst pollen. When stored on the sprigs for the seventh to eighth days, the decrease in pollen germination was no more than 30% of the control, and the growth rate of the pollen tube in most samples remained approximately at the control level. For a comparative analysis of the germination of pollen of inbred plants beetroot when evaluating a large set of samples, it is recommended to store flowering twigs in paper bags at a reduced temperature (10-12°C). This is important when working with a large set of samples where it is not possible to compare them at the same time.

In article development of the agrarian sector of Sverdlovsk region is analyzed. The author has carried out the complex analysis of the current state of regional agriculture: positions of regions are reflected in production of agriculture of the Ural Federal District, positions of Sverdlovsk region on production in a section of the Ural Federal District are designated and also the structure of agricultural products of area in a section of producers following the results of 2017 is presented. It is established that, despite positive tendencies in development of agriculture of area, this branch both at the macrolevel, and at the level of the region develops in the conditions of investment crisis. On the basis of the analysis of the current economic environment the internal and external factors influencing positively or negatively development of agrobusiness in the region are revealed. The particular emphasis in article is placed on a burning issue of the restrictions connected with support of small-scale and average krestyanskofermersky enterprises, it is more difficult to them to achieve financing of the projects. It is established that public financing is focused on support, but not on forward development of branch that a part of projects from a profitability zone removes, blocking their start. It is shown that the main negative effects recorded in region agriculture as a result of reduction of subsidies and grants from the state were a consequence of such limited policy for landowners. Taking into account it the author has formulated the concrete directions and practical recommendations about elimination of the negative factors constraining attraction of investments into the agrarian sector of the region and the vectors of further development of branch capable to increase her economic growth are allocated.

The article reveals the essence and systemizes the advantages of agricultural cooperation. In the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the economy, this type of cooperation helps attract investment and reduce risks for investors, increases the competitiveness and economic growth of the region. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many aspects of the functioning of agricultural cooperatives remain inadequate to apply to individual sectors, in particular, to the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations for managing the innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agricultural sector of the regional economy (by the example of the Samara region). In preparing the article, general scientific methods of research were used: analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, classification. The state of vegetable growing in the Samara region is analyzed. The main problems of its innovative development are singled out. The advantages of agricultural cooperation as a modern tool for management of innovative development are systematized. The importance of cooperation within the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy, which is of strategic importance for ensuring the food security of the region and Russia in general. Existing models of cooperation in vegetable growing in the Samara region are analyzed. The goal, tasks and main problems of the management system of innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy are formulated. As a result of the study, recommendations were proposed on the formation of a management system for innovative development of the vegetable subcomplex of the agrarian sector of the regional economy.

Research staff All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in collaboration with Russian state agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev agricultural Academy conducted research (2014-2016) on the effect of fertilizers and plant growth regulators on changes in the quality of onions of the Pervenets F1, Bennito F1 hybrids and Poisk 012 F1 during storage. As a result of research, the greatest effect was obtained from the complex application of N90P90K90 in combination with trace elements (tenso-cocktail) and a growth regulator Zircon. This system allowed to obtain high biochemical parameters of onions. At the end of the 7 months of storage (October-may), the highest dry matter and sugar content and the minimum nitrate content was observed in Pervenets F1 onions, as well as in hybrid Bennito F1. In the latematuring hybrid onions Poisk 012 F1 at the end of storage, the dry matter content decreased to 6,8-7,3%, sugars to 3,6-4,1%, vitamin "C" to 3,2-4,9 mg%, and nitrates increased to 92,1 mg/kg, which led to a decrease in product quality and large losses of onions from diseases and natural losses (up to 48-59%). The main reason for these losses was the lack of maturity of bulbs,low solids and sugars during harvest. It is obvious that for long-term storage it is necessary to use bulbs with a dry matter content of at least 10%. It was found out that feeding of onions during the beginning of the formation of food organizations with potassium nitrate, treatment with a growth regulator of Zircon and a complex of microelements of tenso-cocktail contributes to better preservation of the quality of onions.

Possibility of pre-sowing seed treatment with growth regulators of steroid and iridoid nature has been studied while growing onions. In the experiment, an "ecostim" preparation has been used for the pre-sowing treatment of onion seeds, the active ingredient of which is the glycoside of the steroid nature of tomatosides isolated from the seeds of Solanum lycopersicum L., as well as the sum of iridoid glycosides (linarosides) from Linaria vulgaris Mill. To identify the technological parameters of the use of plant growth bio-regulators preliminary testing has been conducted in the Laboratory of Natural Bio-Regulators of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, A comparison of the effectiveness of the compounds obtained on the germination of onion seeds has shown that the greatest stimulation has been achieved by using low concentrations (0.0001% - 0.001%) of tomatoside solutions (eostimis preparation) and higher concentrations (0.005% - 0.01%0 of linarosides. Production tests have been carried out in the field in the Pridnestrovian Research Institute of Agriculture. Variety specificity of the impact of natural bio-regulators has been determined by the example of 3 varieties of onions, different in terms of maturation, resistance, etc. (Pinguin, Diamant and Chalcedon). It has been proved that the effect of the tested growth regulators has a pronounced varietal specificity and mainly is determined by the early maturity of the variety. It has been found that the compounds studied were most effective when growing onions under unfavorable conditions, and the amount of iridoid glycosides from the linaria had a greater stimulating effect compared with the tomatoside. Seed treatment with bio-regulators has provided the simultaneous emergence of seedlings, the leveling in growth and development of plants, as well as increased the yield of onions by 27.6% - 41.3%.

Production of functional food with significant antioxidant and anti-carcinogen activity is considered to be extremely significant in conditions of global ecological crisis. Among Allium species, wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) along with the ordinary garlic are known to be the leaders in accumulation of natural antioxidants and sulfur-containing compounds with strong anti-carcinogen activity. Taking into consideration that Allium species belong to a group of natural accumulators of selenium, foliar biofortification of wild garlic with sodium selenate was achieved in Gudermes region of the Chechen republic. It was demonstrated that fortification of plants with selenium resulted in significant increase of chlorophyll a and b as well as carotene content, and two-fold increase of both polyphenol concentration and total antioxidant activity. Total dose of 2 mg Na2Se04 per square meter provided 14.4-fold increase of selenium content in A. ursinum leaves. Biofortification of plants with selenium resulted in 1.36, 1.28 and 1.38-fold increase of Cr, Fe and V concentration in leaves compared to leaves of non fortified plants. Leaves of A. ursinum fortified with selenium showed anomalously low Si content compared to non fortified plants. Compared to A. ursinum grown in Moscow region, wild garlic of the Chechen republic accumulated 2-fold lower levels of dry matter and 4.8-fold higher levels of monosaccharides. Compared to non fortified garlic leaves, those of A. ursinum demonstrated significantly higher levels of Cu, Fe, Mg и Zn. The results obtained suggest that A. ursinum fortified with selenium may be considered as a new functional food with strong antioxidant activity.

Fermentation is a very complex dynamic process with numerous chemical, physical, and microbiological changes affecting the quality of the finished product. At present, in the industry starter cultures are practically not used, which leads to large losses of finished products (up to 40 %). The use of starter cultures allows not only to obtain high quality products, but also to significantly reduce production losses. The aim of the research was to study the process of directed fermentation of white cabbage variety "Slava" using strains of lactic acid bacteria and their consortium, taking into account the degree of their mutual influence. The following lactobacilli were used as strains of lactic acid bacteria – Lactobacillus brevis VKM V1309, Lactobacillus plantarum VKM V-578. Experiments were carried out on model media to obtain comparative data. In the process of directional fermentation using strains of lactic acid microorganisms and their consortium for the first time studied the dynamics of changes in quality indicators. Mathematical models developed in the course of research adequately describe the degree of destruction of glucose and fructose during fermentation. The model medium was made of white cabbage (raw material) for research, for this purpose it was subjected to homogenization and sterilization in order to create optimal conditions for the development of the target microflora and to determine the degree of destruction of glucose and fructose by various strains of lactic acid microorganisms. In the process of research, we found that the use of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (L. brevis + L. plantarum) for this culture medium is impractical, but the addition of fructose in the amount of 0,5% by weight of the model medium can significantly intensify the process of fermentation of white cabbage.

The article presents the results of the study of the directed fermentation of cucumbers using strains of lactic acid microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria) in order to intensify the fermentation process and to obtain a finished product of good quality (with good taste, aroma and structure), as on an industrial scale starter cultures are practically not used. The aim of our research was to study the dynamics of glucose degradation in the process of directed fermentation of cucumbers varieties "Vodoley" using lactic acid bacteria and their selection for this process. As strains of lactic acid microorganisms we selected the following: Lactobacillus casei VKM 536, Lactobacillus plantarum VKM V-578, Lactobacillus brevis VKM V-1309. In order to create optimal conditions for the development of the target microflora, to determine the degree of glucose destruction by various strains of microorganisms and to obtain comparative results, all experiments were carried out on model environment. During the research, mathematical models were developed that adequately describe the degree of glucose destruction during the fermentation of cucumbers. Mathematical processing of glucose degradation data in the direct fermentation process was carried out using Microsoft Excel and the SYSTAT TableCurve 2D. It was found that the criterion for the intensity of glucose destruction during the fermentation of cucumbers varieties "Vodoley" is the most adequate use of the investigated strains of lactic acid bacteria L. brevis and L. plantarum. The use of these lactic acid bacteria provides maximum process efficiency (the maximum acceptable duration is 4,47 and 5,36 days when the degree of glucose destruction is more than 99% of the asymptotic value). The use of L. brevis and L. plantarum allows to achieve the maximum degree of glucose destruction, which indicates the potential usefulness of these types of lactic acid bacteria.

In the studies of 2014-2016 years on rich medium-loamy alluvial soils of the Moscow region in the cultivation of hybrids of onions Pervenets F1, Bennito F1 and Poisk 012 F1 in drip irrigation conditions in an annual crop, the best yield of Repka 45.1 t/ha, 47.9 t/ha and 59.9 t/ha, respectively. The greatest effect was obtained from the complex application of N90P90K90 (main) in combination with plant fertilization with potassium nitrate and Zircon growth regulator during the period of intensive growth of vegetative mass and the beginning of bulb formation for late Bennito F1 hybrids and Poisk 012 F1, and for the medium-unrided hybrid the Pervenets F1 system was the best N90P90K90+Zircon. This system allowed to obtain a high yield of standard products (up to 93%) with good bio-chemical quality of the onion. New technologies of cultivation of onions in an annual crop with the complex use of drip irrigation, fertilizers and new hybrids of intensive type, allow in the conditions of the Central non-Chernozem zone to obtain the yield of onion-turnip at the level of 50-60 t/ha, with the output of standard products 80-93%. The best biochemical quality indicators of bulbs were obtained with the complex application of fertilizers with the growth regulator Zircon, with the cultivation of hybrids Pervenets F1 and Bennito F1, and hybrid Poisk 012 F1 is not mature enough in the Moscow region. From the conducted research it can be concluded that the studied hybrids of onion Pervenets F1, Bennito F1 and Poisk 012 F1 when grown in annual crops in terms of Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation use better fertilizing than the main fertilizer.

The competitive environment orients rural producers to produce safe, high-quality products. The solution of this problem is impossible without the use of reliable and timely production information obtained by modern means of measurement. In the list of parameters of the system of operational decisionmaking in the production of grain and seeds, the determining role belongs to information about their moisture content. Reliable and timely information on humidity can significantly reduce the technical, technological and social risks affecting the economy of agricultural enterprises. Currently, the market of the necessary complex of grain moisture meters is occupied mainly by foreign developments. The most popular field electric moisture meters are not produced by domestic instrument-making companies. Foreign devices are graded on varieties of crops grown in completely different climatic and soil conditions. There are differences in the standard means and methods of grain preparation, which are used by manufacturers in the calibration of devices. In order to avoid risks when using imported devices, it is necessary to assess their adaptability to domestic crops and conditions of use. The article presents the results of a study of a new model from the line of capacitive moisture meters produced by the well-known Finnish company Farmcomp. The defining concept of the device model is the minimization of random errors caused by the user's actions, and automatic compensation of the influence of the volume density (nature) of the grain mass. The complexity of measurement technologies and the limited humidity range reduce the possibility of using the device in production conditions. The methods used in the device to compensate for factors affecting its readings do not fully provide the results expected from their use. Calibration of the device on domestic crops and varieties in the ranges of change of their basic properties (humidity, volume density), characteristic for the Russian conditions is necessary.

Obtaining high-quality seedlings is an essential condition for growing vegetables in modern cultivation facilities of protected ground. The influence of the composition and properties of peat briquettes on the growth and development of hybrid F1 of cucumber Zozulya seedlings, indicators of plant leaves photosynthetic activity, their net productivity in cultivation under controlled conditions of intensive light culture were investigated. It is shown how the change in the composition of peat briquettes affects their hydrophysical properties: volume, density, moisture absorbing capacity, etc., which is reflected in the state of cucumber seedlings. Thus, for the grown cucumber seedlings, peat briquettes had more favorable hydrophysical properties, which included, in addition to neutralized peat, Cambrian clay, separately or in combination with straw in the amount of 10% of the peat volume, or with sapropel. The moisture absorbing capacity in the considered peat briquettes was optimal for growing plants in conditions of intensive light culture and ranged from 617 to 774%. Optimization of the hydrophysical properties of peat briquettes was positively reflected in the photosynthetic activity of the leaves. The photosynthetic potential increased by 20-29%, the leaf surface area – by 19-40%; net productivity of plants photosynthesis – by 0.6-3.2 g/m2 per day, which eventually led to the formation of plants with a higher biomass – by 10-48%. An increase in the content of straw in the peat briquette to 20% led to a decrease in the moisture absorbing capacity of the peat briquette, which contributed to a certain deterioration in the physiological state of plants and, as a consequence, to a tendency towards to reduce the mass of plant seedlings.