Relevance
One of the basic directions of the cabbage crop breeding is the creation of F₁ hybrids with a complex of economically valuable traits. This process is difficult and time-consuming as to get pure lines must be within 6-12 years hold inbreeding. Herewith not every line gives the desired heterotic effect that also requires additional verification.
Methods
Biotechnological method culture of isolated microspores in vitro, which allows in the first generation to receive a line with 100% homozygosity, was used to speed up the breeding process. Combination ability were performed in complete diallel cross on the basic morphological signs.
Results
Culture medium for cultivation of isolated microspores in vitro was optimized for each genotype of cabbage for the best embryoids regeneration. Maximum amount of embryoids was received on medium with pH 6.2 using ampicillin 100 mg/l and zeatin 1 mg/l: 466.7 ± 153.2 PCs/100 buds. A new source material for breeding – doubled haploid lines of cabbage was received. Lines – the best parents for F₁ hybrids with high yield, compact rosette of leaves, with optimum inside and short outside cabbage stump was created. Studies have shown that optimization of breeding process in case of creation of pure lines of cabbage in 3 years with microspore culture requires to reduce the breeding process in 2 times.

Relevance
Biotechnological methods are generally used to speed up breeding programs and to enhance genetic diversity, so the culture of isolated microspore in vitro can be regarded as one of very suitable methods. Nontraditional and uncommon vegetable crops belonging to Brassicaceae Burnett. are becoming more popular.
Methods
Accessions of sarepta mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) and rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.) were taken for the study with the aim to optimize the basic protocol for these species.
Results
As a result of the study the optimum cultivation conditions have been determined for the species. Sizes of buds 2.5-3.5 mm long for sarepta mustard and 7.0-7.5 long for rocket salad which were used for cultivation had been experimentally defined. It was also shown that the cold pretreatment had improved the embryo yield. The nutritional NLN-13 medium with pH 6.1 and pretreatment at 32°C during a cultivation day had been shown to be more favourable for all accessions. All conditions that had been used were suitable for embryo formation. First divisions had been seen after 4 days of cultivation, while the embryos at primary cotyledonary stage only appeared after 2 weeks of cultivation. The embryo yield per 5 buds reached 25-30 and 5-7 in the sarepta mustard and the rocket salad, respectively. It is worth noticing that the root formation and plant adaptation had passed better and faster in sarepta mustard than in rocket salad. Thus, whole process of homozygous line developing can be completed for 4-5 months, making the breeding program 3 times shorter.

Relevance
Currently, in genetic studies and selection of cabbage cultures, biotechnological methods for creating clean lines — doubled haploids in the culture of anthers and in the culture of isolated microspores are widely used. A common feature of these technologies is that the plants obtained in vitro have different levels of ploidy and along with doubled haploids there are haploid, tetraploid and mixoploid forms. Therefore, the use of new cytological methods of analysis of haploid plants remains an urgent problem.
Material and method
The aim of this work is to establish the genetic nature of regenerated plants of Brassica oleracea L., obtained from reproductive organs in vitro. Isolated anthers and ovaries of white cabbage were cultivated on solid nutrient media containing mineral salts according to the recipe Murashige and Skoog (MS). The obtained regenerated plants were used to calculate the number of chromosomes in the root meristem, as well as the number of chloroplasts in the cells of the closing stomata of leaves using the new universal method of preparing preparations of plant chromosomes – “SteamDrop”.
Results
As a result of the research, the dependence of the level of ploidy on the cultivation conditions was studied. It has been shown that plants-regenerants of white cabbage, obtained in vitro from reproductive organs, had a different set of chromosomes (n, 3n, 5n). It was established that the number of chloroplasts in the stomatal cells of regenerated plants was from 9 to 45, while the original donor plants had 18–20.

Relevance
Breeding for resistance is one of the priorities when working with late-ripening cabbage.The most significant damage to this crop in the south of Russia is caused by diseases such as fusarium, black rot, and from pests – tobacco trips.
Methods
The purpose of the research is development of heat-resistant hybrids of medium-late and late maturity of various areas of use with complex resistance. For 2 decades much attention was paid to breeding and immunological work on development of inbred lines with group resistance: to fusarium and polygenic resistance to black rot. The study of race-specific resistance for better protection against black rot began in 2013. At that, the progeny of the lines were eveluated, which were selected by hydathogenic polygenic resistance on the infectious background of cabbage during inoculation of plants with the Krasnodar population of the pathogen.Since specific resistance to a particular race inherited in white cabbage is recessive and it is very difficult to develop lines and hybrids resistant to several races, a strategy was chosen to increase resistance to this dangerous disease based on a combination of field resistance, stem resistance to the main race 1 and leaf resistance to one or two races.
Results
As a result of the work carried out in 2018, 44 lines of medium-late maturity with stem resistance to race 1 were selected, of which a significant part of the lines had leaf resistance to a particular race, including 4 lines resistant to races 1 and 4, 1 line – to races 0, 1,4, and 1 line – to races 0, 3, 4. The heat-resistant hybrid for processing Sudarynya was passed to State Variety Testing, it has one parent with stem resistance to race 1, leaf resistance to races 0, 1.4 and hydatode resistance, and the second parent has stem resistance to race 1 and hydatode resistance. Every year, hybrids are evaluated for thrips damage. According to the results of the evaluation of hybrids, lines with a high tolerance to tobacco thrips were identified. In 2017-2018 9 lines with complex resistance to fusarium, black rot and thrips (Ten211, Yas111, Eubi122, Hn861, Hn270-21, Hn270-24, Br272-22, Hn270-14p-1, 272-510) were selected, on the basis of which promising combinations of economically valuable traits were obtained.

Relevance
The Republic of Dagestan is the southernmost region in the Russian Federation. The climatic conditions of the Derbent district of the Republic of Dagestan are favorable for seed production without direct cabbage.
Material and method
In cabbage seed production in direct culture it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of cabbage biology. In the Republic of Dagestan near the city of Derbent, all the phasic processes near cabbage take place in a short autumn period and in early spring.
Results
Years of experience in the conduct of cabbage seed production made it possible to determine the optimal timing for planting varieties (parental hybrids) of white cabbage of different groups of ripeness and different varieties. The technology of direct seed farming of cabbage is presented.

Relevance
An adaptive approach to the selection of vegetable plants highlights Siberian region for the distinctness of the general climate manifestations. The region is characterized by the general aridity of spring and the first half of summer combined with the sharp fluctuations of temperature during the growing season, a short frost-free period. And there is a positive aspect of the Siberian climate – the high level of solar insolation contributes to the intensification of photosynthesis and hastens all growth processes, reducing the need for the sum of biological temperatures, on average, by 200-300 degrees.
Methods
The developmental biology of radish in Siberian conditions has a number of characteristic features. Siberian radish cultivars have individual traits of the cropper development with the formation of plant ability of productive and generative time of germination in these conditions. During the period of breeding work in the region, 9 radish cultivars have been created and reproduced with various methods. Among them 5 cultivars have been created with methods of individual and mass selection from the best hybrid combinations of crossing, 2 cultivars with method of polyploidy, 1 cultivar with the method of inbred lines with the ability to fix the necessary characteristics in the generation, 1 cultivar with the use of pigmentation genes transgression when fixing the violet colour of the radish-root.
Results
The study of radish growth and its development with the replanting and direct method of obtaining seeds solves the issues of expanding the distribution range of Siberian selection cultivars. Qualitative seeds can be obtained only with the replanting method in the conditions of Siberia, in which the plants go through all the necessary stages of jarovization, excluding subsequently premature bolting.

Relevance
Currently, the first place goes to the creation of new high-yielding varieties and hybrids F₁ crops that meet the requirements of modern industrial technologies. Heterosis hybrids have high yield, marketability, equalization, friendly yield and resistance to disease.
Methods
When developing new varieties and hybrids of radish suitable for mechanized harvesting, attention should be paid to the strength of the attachment of the leaf outlet and its upright position, the uniformity of immersion in the soil and the easy pull-out of root crops. Studies were performed in a protected (heated film greenhouse) and open ground in All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center.
Results
The results of breeding work with European radish are presented. According to the results of expert evaluation, the state register of breeding achievements included two varieties of European summer radish – Bianca, Sirius and one hybrid of European winter radish – Tsyganskiy Baron F₁. The new varieties are distinguished by uniformity in shape, length, diameter of the root crop, compact leaf rosette, form a root crop in a short and long daylight, recommended for cultivation under film shelters and in the open ground (early spring and summer sowing time). As a result of repeated inbreeding, inbred lines of European winter radish (brought to the seventh generation) were created, characterized by high equalization of the root crop, with strict self-compatibility. These lines were included in the process of creating heterosis hybrids. Evaluation of the obtained hybrids was carried out in the open ground. A hybrid of radish European winter Tsyganskiy Baron F₁ – medium-ripe, flat-rounded root, black, weighing 220-260 g. Perspective hybrid in relation to the standard has a more aligned form of the root, with a rich black color and smooth surface. Tsyganskiy Baron F₁ on the above indicators exceeds the standard night, resistant to stressful conditions.

Relevance
The structure of the flowers of tomatoes is very thin adapted to self-pollination, and any violations of the technology of cultivation in protected ground lead to a significant reduction in the ability of plants to pollinate and fruit set. Violation of growing conditions can lead to changes in the structure of the inflorescences and flowers, which negatively affects pollination and fruit formation, reducing the yield. The article presents a review of literature data and the author’s own research on this topic. It has been established that growing conditions in cultivation structures have a greater effect on the amount of pollen produced in tomato flowers and to a lesser extent, on its quality. In the flowers of the first inflorescence, the least amount of pollen is produced. This is due to the fact that the formation of this inflorescence occurs in the seedling period, while it is experiencing more stress. Basal (the first in the inflorescence) flowers produce low-quality pollen, while its amount is maximum. Additional pollination improves fruit set by increasing the amount of pollen grains falling on the stigma of the pistil. The use of bumblebees for additional pollination increases the yield by increasing the number of ensuing fruits. The formation of polynomial flowers on tomato plants – varietal reaction. More often they are found in multi-chamber largefruited tomato hybrids. Less commonly, polynomial flowers are found in tomato hybrids with plum and pepper fruits, such flowers are not found in cherry tomato hybrids. A polynomial flower - most often the first in the inflorescence. They are formed mainly in the first 4-5 inflorescences and give accreted non-harvest fruits. In order to increase the yield and quality of fruits, polynomials need to be removed in a timely manner.

Relevance
Identification of forms resistant to thermal stress is important not only at the stage of search, but also later in the selection process.
Methods
The paper presents the results obtained during the studies on the variability of tomato male gametophyte traits (pollen viability, pollen tube length, pollen resistance and resistance along pollen tubes) in the hybrid F₂, F₃ and F₄ offspring derived from different crossing combinations strongly resistant to high temperature stress (8 hybrid combinations).
Results
Recombination differences expressed in the values of average variation per family (S₂) have been found in the F₂ populations segregated for a complex of pollen traits, which made it possible to isolate transgressive recombinants from different hybrid combinations, to produce seeds from them and to further perform selection cycles in F₃. It has been found that high intrapopulation variability of male gametophyte traits is preserved in F₃ and F₄ offspring, which reflects the response of their genotypes to high temperature. The offspring derived from the best F₂ recombinants has been shown to not preserve a high level of resistance in F₃ and F₄. As for the pollen heat resistance, the actual shift of the trait values in F₃ in relation to F₂ made 0.92, while it made 0.65 in F₄ in relation to F₂. The shift of the values in the dynamics of the F₂, F₃ and F₄ generations from different hybrid combinations was somewhat higher for the resistance of pollen tubes making 0.99 (F₃/F₂) and 1.15 (F₄/F₂). The most pronounced positive shift towards high values in F₃ and F₄ in relation to F₂ was recorded just in three combinations, L7 x L305, L7 x cv. Ceros, L7 x cv. Lider (R – 1.91; 1.29 and 1.08, respectively). High variability in the populations of F₄ offspring is observed for quantitative traits, as well, namely, inflorescence number per plant, flower number per inflorescence, the number of set fruits per inflorescence and seed number in fruits. The differences in the offspring diversity found during estimation of the segregating F₂ populations derived from different crossing combinations for the variability range have not been confirmed in F₃ and F₄.

Relevance
Among vegetable crops, tomato is one of the leading places. In Siberia, tomato production is currently concentrated mainly in small farms and the individual sector. The problem of expanding the assortment of this culture in connection with constantly increasing market requirements remains always relevant.
Material and methods
The purpose of the work is the development of tomato seed production methods of varieties of selection of SibNIIRS. The studies were carried out in 2014-2018 at the experimental vegetable section of SibNIIRS - a branch of the ICG SB RAS.
Results
The results of many years of work on the study of seed and marketable productivity of zoned varieties and prospective tomato samples from the Urals andSiberia are presented. It has been established that in the conditions of a short growing season, high productivity is shown by varieties from early and mid-season groups. The highest sowing qualities are formed when sowing in time, optimal for the zone – the third decade of April. Early seeding shifts the phenological phases towards their rapid passage, but this creates unfavorable conditions for setting – stress during transplants, unfavorable weather. During late sowing, seeds are formed with low sowing qualities due to insufficient heat supply, especially for varieties from late ripeness groups. Germination energy and germination are higher in seeds obtained from fruits taken in the phase of full biological ripeness in all varieties. With long-term ripening (eat fruit in the phase of technical ripeness) there is a high risk of seed germination inside the fruit on the one hand and lack of nutrients, which invariably affects sowing qualities.

Relevance
Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason.
Methods
The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants.
Results
To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages.

Relevance
One of the priority directions of selection is the creation of varieties that are most adapted to local conditions with high productivity.
Methods
The object of study – varieties and hybrids of pumpkin of three Botanical species: Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo. The purpose of the work is the creation and introduction into production of high-yielding varieties of pumpkin with high quality fruits, resistant to bio-and abiotic conditions of the lower Volga region. Research objectives: the study of varietal diversity and identification of genetic sources adapted to the conditions of the region; artificial hybridization, evaluation of the obtained source material on the main economic and valuable features, selection of the best hybrid combinations and testing them in comparison with the best zoned varieties.
Results
The collection identified genetic sources of productivity: Chino, Sviten, Kham, Creen Warted Habbard, Zukat, Arina, Madam; the quality of the fruit: Sorme poire, Burgess Buttercup Wintes, Malishka, Duchess, Konfetka. Using the selected genetic sources in crossbreeding, new hybrid combinations were obtained, after testing of which the source material for breeding was formed in the hybrid nursery. The table shows the characteristics of the best hybrid populations of pumpkin species S. maxima, S. moschata. The best zoned varieties of table pumpkin created in recent years. Izyashnaya – medium-ripe, shortleaved, high-yielding (17.0-26.0 t/ha), with high quality fruits (12.0-16.0% solids); Izobilie – yield (18.0-25.0 t/ha), drought-resistant; Romantika – medium-ripe, resistant to powdery mildew, yielding (16.0-20.0 t/ha), high quality fruits (10.0-15.0% dry-VA, 60.4 mg% carotene).

Relevance
The phenomenon of the different quality of seeds of the sowing seed Eruca sativa, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Brassica juncea by coloring was studied. Color heterogeneity is usually combined with the size and weight of seeds.
Methods
Research tasks: determine the number of seeds available for coloring in depending on different years of reproduction; identify the best fractions of morphological, physiological and productive qualities; to study the peculiarities of influence on the manifestation of ecological, agrotechnical and hereditary factors heterospermia.
Results
Seeds with a higher mass of 1000 were predominantly dark in color. The content of total nitrogen in light seeds was 0.2-0.3%, and crude protein was 1.3-1.9% more than dark-colored ones. The distribution of seeds of different colors in batches of different years of reproduction is shown. The best fractions of seeds by morphological, physiological and productive qualities are revealed. It has been shown that productivity and its components are higher in plants grown from seeds of dark color. The correlation of the parameters of seeds of different quality with the weather conditions of the vegetation period is noted. For all three crops, there was a steady increase in the proportion of light seeds with an increase in average daily air temperature (r = 0.59-0.94). The features of the influence of environmental, agrotechnical and hereditary factors on the manifestations of heterospermia are studied. However, the degree of influence of environmental, including agrotechnical factors in some cases turns out to be much stronger. The maximum proportion of dark (most productive) seeds is provided by a combination of optimal weather conditions, agrotechnical methods (early sowing, ripening), seed collection from shoots 1-3 orders of branching and use for sowing the dark fraction of seeds.

Relevance
Currently, the requirements for modern tomato hybrids are increasing both from consumers and from producers. Modern tomato hybrids in extended circulation should yield at least 60 kg / m², be distinguished by high quality of fruits, early ripeness, possess manufacturability, resistance to major diseases. Along with the traditional form of fruits, hybrids with original shape, color, taste and aroma are interesting for manufacturers.
Methods
The aim of the research was the variety study of indeterminant F₁ hybrids of tomato breeding of the company "Gavrish" in JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region. Studies were conducted in 2017-2018 in the extended and summer-autumn turnover in the conditions of JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region in accordance with generally accepted recommendations for research with vegetable crops in greenhouses. The objects of the study in extended circulation were tomato hybrids: F₁ Bao Bab, F₁ Baloven, the F₁ Torero hybrid was taken as a control. In the summerautumn turnover, a study was made of the rose hybrid – F₁ Panthera; the Rosario F₁ hybrid was used as a control; a hybrid with a plum-shaped fruit – F₁ Armata, control – a hybrid F₁ Lezghinka.
Results
According to the results of the study of tomato hybrids, the selection of the Gavrish company at the enterprise made the decision to grow it in extended circulation and increase the area under F₁ Baloven, in the summer-autumn turnover under the F₁ Panthera hybrid.

Relevance
The relevance of the bioenergy assessment follows from the requirements of modern production: energy saving per unit of output.
Methods
The article presents the data of bioenergy evaluation of the use of table predecessors, types of fertilizers and growth regulators in the technology of watermelon cultivation.
Results
The results of studies have shown that from the energy point of view, the proposed methods of cultivation of watermelon, are effective, because the coefficient of energy efficiency in all the studied variants is more than one. Studies have revealed the advantage of a layer of perennial grasses as a precursor to watermelon: CEE – 2.55 at its values according to the predecessor of winter rye – 1.70. The use of mineral fertilizers dose N60P90K60 in rain conditions leads to a significant increase in energy consumption of commercial products, 1.7 times more in the formation of perennial grasses and 1.3 times more than the predecessor of winter rye. A decrease in the CEE and an increase in the cost of total energy and energy intensity of 1 ton of products using manure 27 t / ha in relation to mineral fertilizers. Comparative energy analysis showed high efficiency of using water-soluble fertilizers and growth regulators for soaking seeds and processing of vegetating plants in watermelon cultivation. The use of these agricultural practices can reduce the energy costs of total energy by 70-79% compared with the introduction of mineral fertilizers dose N60P90K60, with an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient from 1.54 to 2.68-2.77. As shown by calculations from the energy point of view, the best was the reception of cultivation of watermelon table using for seed soaking and processing plants in vegetation water-soluble fertilizer master special with the addition of growth regulator megapol, the value of the EPS was amounted to 2.99, which is 7.9% and 11.5% more in comparison with potassium Humate and Ribav-extra, respectively.

Relevance
A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, cabbage originated in culture from the large-leaved forms of leafy cabbage. Portuguese tronchuda is a transitional form to a typical headed cabbage. It is represented by leafy and semi-capped forms and evolutionarily related to Portuguese halega (Galician) leafy cabbage. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (DC.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.) is the most significant in the world and Russian economy. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (varieties of white cabbage and tronchuda) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics.
Methods
The research material included 48 samples of cabbage, including 27 samples of 13 European cultivar types, including Dutch, Central European and South European cultivar types, 8 samples – two Russian northwestern and central Russian cultivar types and 13 samples – five oriental cultivar types of Caucasian and Turkish-Balkan origin, 9 samples – Portuguese cabbage tronchuda from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographic and genetic diversity of cabbage. Samples of cabbage were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology of VIR.
Results
As a result of using of the modern non-specific metabolic approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of white cabbage, about 100 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, wax, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques, including the nonspecific metabolic approach, new data on the biochemical composition of white and semi-capped forms were obtained. The cabbage within the studied botanical varieties and groups of cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes cabbage samples as samples with potentially high value (the role and importance of far from all compounds in the organization of healthy human nutrition is known), which confirms the need for in-depth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Samples with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of theRussian Federation were found.

Relevance
Fermentation of vegetables is usually carried out in the traditional way (spontaneous fermentation using native microflora), but the quality of the finished product is difficult to predict. Very often, due to the low initial amount of lactic acid bacteria or their low activity, the result of the process remains unpredictable, which can lead to the loss of a significant amount of product. In the fermentation of vegetables involved several types of facultatively anaerobic lactic acid bacteria. In order to control the fermentation process and make it directed, it is necessary to study which lactic acid bacteria are involved in the fermentation process, the period in which their growth and death, and how it affects the organoleptic properties of the finished product, as well as to study the activity of lactic acid microorganisms in the fermentation process. When fermentation of vegetables are not only the original nutrients such as vitamin C, amino acids, dietary fibers, etc., but also develop functional microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. Fermentation has an important effect on the quality and taste, so it is very important to study the fermentation process, microbial diversity and changes in nutrients and chemical elements in the fermentation process. Reducing the rate or preventing microbial spoilage of food is based on four main principles: minimization of product contamination by microorganisms; suppression of growth and reproduction of microorganisms-contaminants; destruction of microorganisms-contaminants; removal of microorganisms-contaminants. Fermentation is based on a combination of the first three principles and is achieved by creating conditions for the growth of specific microorganisms that can give food the desired taste, aroma, texture and appearance.
Results
This review is devoted to the scientific aspects of vegetable fermentation, including crops that contribute to the creation of optimal conditions for the development of the main pool of lactic acid microorganisms, the production of finished products of high quality and the prevention of microbial spoilage. It is shown that at the first stage of fermentation lactobacilli of the genus L. mesenteroides play a determining role. It is their "work" to create optimal conditions for the development of the target lactic microflora depends on the quality of the finished product. This fact should be taken into account when creating industrial bacterial starter cultures – "starter cultures" for the directed process of fermentation of vegetables.

Relevance
Recently, breeding work with cabbage is aimed at developing F₁ hybrids, which provide the population with year-round production. The main requirements for hybrids: excellent presentation with appropriate taste, high yield stability, morphological uniformity, resistance to major diseases and tolerance to pests, as well as high keeping quality during storage. In recent years, tobacco thrips is a serious problem for cultivation of cabbage. Plant resistance to tobacco thrips is becoming increasingly relevant, at the moment in the conditions of Krasnodar region. Since tobacco thrips is the most dangerous pest in the south and quickly adapts to poisons, development of resistant hybrids should be considered the most effective way to control.

Methods
The purpose of breeding work is to identify highly productive cabbage hybrids with high tolerance to tobacco thrips. It was previously found that late-ripening hybrids are less affected. Therefore, in our studies, we evaluated the effect of growing terms of the same hybrids in different years of research and on their damage with Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The direction of this work is to evaluate hybrids of cabbage for leaf damage by tobacco thrips and to identify sustainable hybrid combinations and their parental forms. Studies were carried out in the central soil-climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The object of research was medium-ripening hybrids of cabbage.
Results
The degree of susceptibility of hybrids to tobacco thrips varied significantly during the three years of research, but there were distinguished lines that established themselves as the most stable: Yas25p, Ts139, Agrbh82, Pi 714, 272Br-22. Hybrid combinations with these lines showed the least loss of marketable yield and the minimum number of affected leaves in each year of the study. Of the zoned hybrids, the Revansh F₁ hybrid shows a high tolerance. It was found that a later planting period significantly reduces the degree of thrips damage.

Relevance
The main diseases that affect cabbage crops during the growing season are bacterioses, alternariosis, fusarium and others. Despite the success of breeding to create resistant varieties and hybrids in some years, there is a massive disease defeat of cabbage. Therefore, preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of cabbage diseases are of paramount importance. In recent years, in connection with the development of agricultural biotechnology for the prevention of cabbage diseases, biologics have been proposed based on the products of bacterial metabolism: antibiotics, enzymes, phytohormones, vitamins, etc.
Methods
In the Laboratory of Cole Crop Breeding and Seed Production of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in 2017-2018 conducted tests of biofungicides. The article presents the results of tests of biofungicides BisolbiSana and BisolbiFita to protect cabbage from diseases.
Results
The biological effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants with biofungicides against cabbage altenariosis was 53.3-57.1%, against bacterial mucosa 40.2-47.8% depending on the variety (hybrid). Plant yield increased by 7-8.5%.

Relevance
For the successful introduction of a new variety of potatoes into production, it is important to know the technological parameters of its cultivation, both for seed and food purposes.
Methods
Studies on the timing, planting schemes and doses of mineral fertilizers, providing maximum yield of seed and food tubers of a new potato variety Smolyanochka breeding Smolensk GOSHOS, were conducted in 2017-2018. Experience, observations and accounting were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The studies were conducted in the field short-term experience of the Smolensk Institute of agriculture (ex. Smolensk GOSHOS) on sod-podzolic medium-loamy soil with low humus content, weak acid reaction of the soil environment, high content of mobile phosphorus and high potassium content.
Results
Observations of the growth and development of potato plants of the Smolyanochka variety showed that the length of the growing season decreased from early planting to later. Planting schemes and fertilizer doses did not have a significant impact on the duration of development phases in all variants of the experiment. The density of the stem per unit area decreased by 5-18% from earlier planting dates to later and increased with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers to N₆₀P₇₂K₉₀ by 12-28%, compared with the background of N₃₂P₃₂K₃₂. The highest percentage of plant viral diseases during the growing season was observed with a more thickened planting scheme (70x25 cm) and increased with later planting dates. The maximum yield of potato tubers when grown for both seed and food purposes was noted against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N₆₀P₇₂K₉₀ when planted earlier. Post-harvest tuberous analysis of potatoes showed that all the studied variants of the experiment did not have a significant impact on the affection of potato tubers with fungal diseases.