Relevance. False powdery mildew (peronosporosis) (the causative agent is Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostow.) – the most harmful disease on cucumber in the open ground, spring film and winter greenhouses in the autumn crop turnover. In the laboratory of breeding and seed production of pumpkin crops of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production, currently FSBSI FSVC, continuous work is underway to create varieties and hybrids of cucumber resistant to this disease. To create new competitive hybrids of cucumber of the parthenocarpic type, a lot of work was done on the selection of parental forms that differ in a complex of economically useful signs, including tolerance to false powdery mildew.
Results. During 2 years of research, in the open ground conditions of the Moscow region, on a natural infectious background, the lines of parthenocarpic cucumber most resistant to false powdery mildew were selected: Pr. F6 1, 24-905 RZ F4-5, Excel. F5 b/w 1, (Hac. x Hub.) F4. During the second (30.08.) and third (08.09) counts, in both years of research, according to the lesion score, they were at the level of a stable standard - the Surazhevsky variety. In 2022, in the conditions of unheated spring greenhouses of Primorsky region, two hybrid combinations of 24-905RZ F4 x Pr. F11 and Kar. F6 x Pr. F11 were distinguished for resistance to peronospore. At the end of August, they were struck by 0.5 and 0.8 points, respectively, less than the standard hybrid German F1. The resulting hybrid combinations were obtained with the participation of cucumber lines of the parthenocarpic type, the most tolerant to false powdery mildew in the open ground conditions of the Moscow region in 2022 and 2023. This indicates that the isolated samples can serve as gene sources of resistance to false powdery mildew.

Relevance. Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) is a serious problem when growing cucumber both in open and protected ground. One of the most effective methods of combating Pseudoperonospora cubensis is the cultivation of genetically resistant hybrids. To create them, it is necessary to include genetic markers in breeding work that speed up and increase the accuracy of selection. The F311 genetic marker of the SGR gene provides resistance to the destruction of chlorophyll, which can significantly reduce the rate of development of downy mildew, as well as preserve the growth and development of plants.
Material and methods. In 2021-2022, at the Crimean Breeding Center, parental lines of cucumbers were studied in spring rotation in open ground. A total of 39 samples were studied. Their resistance to downy mildew against a natural infectious background was assessed on a 5-point scale. Hybrids were chosen as standards: St resistance – Phoenix+, St susceptibility – F1 Tchaikovsky, which scored the maximum damage score during visual assessment, All studied material was tested for the presence of the SGR gene for resistance to chlorophyll destruction using PCR analysis using the F311 marker.
Results. The operating efficiency of the F311 (SGR) marker under the conditions of this experiment was 87.2%. And the efficiency of using the F311 (SGR) marker for assessing resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis is 84.6%. Based on the results of the experiment, we can conclude that the use of the F311 (SGR) marker will significantly speed up the process of selection and creation of hybrids resistant to Pseudoperonospora cubensis with a complex of economically valuable traits.

The article presents a literature review on fasciation in pumpkin crops. In almost all pumpkin crops, you can find such a phenomenon as fasciation. However, it is more common in cucumbers and pumpkins than in melons and watermelons. Fasciation (or crystallization) is a change that can occur in the morphology of plant organs and usually includes expansion of the apical meristem of the shoot, flattening of the stem and changes in the arrangement of leaves. In pumpkin crops, the fasciated organs are often whips, flowers and fruits. A number of authors divide fasciations into inherited and non-inherited. The first are caused by internal reasons. The second is the effect of external factors, such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. According to literature data, fasciation is caused by 1-2 recessive genes with incomplete manifestation and variable expression, which depends on a number of factors, including environmental conditions. The opp gene may have a pleiotropic effect on fasciation and leaf arrangement. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in spring film greenhouses, among the selection and collection samples of cucumber, fasciated plants ranged from 0 to 1.9%, depending on the genotype of the studied samples and the year of research (growing conditions). According to literature data, fasciation is more often observed in short-fruited, but it can also be detected in long-fruited forms of cucumber. Fused fruits are more likely to appear on cucumber hybrids with a large number of ovaries in the node. It should be noted, that highly fasciated plants are usually less productive, and most fasciated fruits are often classified as non-standard and rejected. Regular culling by breeders of fasciated samples and plants, within individual samples, will allow to create varieties less prone to fasciation. And compliance with the recommended varietal agrotechnics, improvement of the ecological situation will help to significantly reduce the number of fasciated plants and fruits and improve the marketability of products.

Relevance. The study of correlations between cucumber traits makes it possible to conduct a preliminary assessment of plants more objectively, to identify forms with high economically valuable traits, and their comprehensive assessment will make it possible to select the best source material for further selection.
Methodology. In 2021, in the Crimean SC "Gavrish", experiments were laid with 24 parthenocarpic F1 hybrids of the smooth type in two repetitions, 8 plants each. Cucumber was grown in a film greenhouse on soils in spring-summer turnover. Cultivation technology – in accordance with the requirements adopted in the region. The evaluation of economically valuable traits was performed according to the generally accepted method.
Results. During the correlation analysis, high, medium positive and negative relationships were established between the individual main economic characteristics of the parthenocarpic cucumber when grown in an unheated film greenhouse. The method of correlation analysis revealed a significantly high correlation between the degree of branching by determinant lateral shoots and the number of fruits per node (r=0.84), the number of female flowers per plant (r=0.72) and the number of fruits per plant (r=0.68). Fruit length and index are highly negatively correlated with the number of fruits per plant (r=-0.86) and the number of female flowers per plant (r=-0.84…-0.85). A high correlation appears between weight, length, fruit shape index and the number of fruits in a node (r=-0.75...-0.76).The trait commercial yield significantly negatively correlates with the trait length of internodes on the main shoot (r=-0.64…-0.68). 

This review presents an analysis of the literature, which indicates the popularity of breeding methods in the fight against oomycete and fungal diseases of tomato: late blight (pathogen − Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), fusarium wilt (pathogen − Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen), early blight or alternariosis (pathogens − representatives of the genus Alternaria), cladosporiosis (pathogen−Cladosporium fulvum Cook.). Theoretical and practical achievements, the latest developments in genetics, molecular biology, plant physiology, microbiology are considered. Special attention is paid to modern information about the diversity of tomato pathogens, their morphological, genetic, physiological features, including racial composition; the presence of pathogen resistance genes in the gene pool of the culture under study, their mapping and the possibility of introduction into the genome from other sources; about the developed markers of target genes and loci of quantitative traits; the degree of associations between a molecular marker and a target gene; about the features of inheritance of the studied trait, as well as the possibility of pyramiding R-genes and QTL in one genotype. To accelerate and improve the efficiency of tomato breeding for resistance to pathogens, these issues are of great importance. Their study will strengthen the integration of modern biotechnology with the traditional breeding process, which is carried out by classical methods.

Relevance. In Belarus, no full-fledged studies have previously been carried out to identify species diversity, to identify forms of vegetable beans that have similar genetic diversity. The purpose of the research is to determine the number and ratio of biotypes, to identify the level of genetic polymorphism in vegetable bean varieties by electrophoresis of storage proteins.
Materials and Methods. The research was carried out at the BSAA in 2021–2022 on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soil. The experience was based on generally accepted methods and guidelines. The objects of research were 42 varieties of vegetable beans (34 - bush form) and (8 - climbing) of Belarusian and Russian selection. Analysis of seed storage proteins in vegetable bean varieties and identification of spectra were carried out according to the methods. To assess the differentiating positions (zones) of the spectrum, identify protein components, and estimate the molecular masses of proteins, standard marker solutions of proteins “Thermo Scientific” – Unstained Protein Ladder (range 5–112 kDa, number of identified proteins – 11) were used.
Results. Differences between genotypes were revealed in internal genetic diversity and elements of the protein spectrum of globulins. It has been established that vegetable bean varieties are characterized by hidden genetic variability and a certain level of polymorphism with a different number of biotypes in the structure of the varietal population. In 60% of the analyzed forms, there is a direct relationship between the manifestation of rare, selection-significant components and the degree of complexity of the total component composition of the protein spectrum. This criterion has practical significance and can be used in breeding work with the vegetable bean crop.

Increase in green vegetables popularity in nutrition and medicine promotes investigations of new cultivar and hybrid biochemical parameters. Nutritional value and antioxidant status of three Rumex representatives: Rumex acetosa L. (Krupnolistny cv.), Rumex sanguineus L. (prospect genotype) and Rumex confertus Willd. were studied. Antioxidant defense parameters (total antioxidant activity, polyphenol and ascorbic acid content) decreased in accordance to: Rumex sanguineus L. > Rumes confertus Willd. > Rumex acetosa L. Thus the ascorbic acid content in bloody dock (R. sanguineus)  reached 129 mg/100 g which was 1.48 times higher than in Russian dock (R. confertus) and 3.17 times higher than in garden sorrel (R. acetosa). The total chlorophyll content was also the highest in bloody dock (17.74 mg/g d.w.) compared to 15.88 mg/g in R. confertus and 13.07 mg/g in R. acetosa leaves. The new R. sanguineus genotype was characterized by high decorative properties and demonstrated twice higher oxalic acid content compared to R. acetosa, Krupnolistny cv., and 1.5 times higher value than in R. confertus. High decorative and medicinal value of R. sanguineus was connected to a great extent with the intensive anthocyanin accumulation reaching 7.2% and high nitrate content. The results of the present study indicate high prospects of R. sanguineus genotype utilization in landscape design, food industry and medicine.

For the production of onions, first of all, the proper organization of its nutrition is necessary. Both its productivity and product quality depend on this. First of all, onion nutrition requires mineral fertilizers containing macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The quality of onions, their physiology and productivity depend on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the need for which and the efficiency of use by plants vary depending on climatic factors, irrigation systems, varietal differences, soil and production conditions of cultivation in growing areas. This review examines in detail the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as the main components of mineral nutrition, on the growth, physiology and yield of onion. The review includes various databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, RSCI, etc., online sources (Research Gate, Springer Nature Open Access, Wiley Online Library, etc.) are used.

Relevance. Currently, the priority direction in the development of the food industry is the use of local raw materials and the production of products with increased nutritional value, i.e. with an increased content of micronutrients, which include vitamins, minerals, macro and microelements. One of these products of plant origin is the pumpkin culture. The cultivation of high-yielding, versatile, nutrient-rich crops, such as pumpkin, plays an important role in ensuring food security. When breeding new improved varieties, special attention is paid to the adaptability of the crop to growing conditions, as well as to portion fruits with high taste and technological qualities.

Purpose. Selection of the most adapted, productive, high-quality pumpkin samples for breeding and their cultivation in industrial production and the private sector in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Material and methods. Field research was conducted in 2021-2022 at the experimental site of the selection (organic) crop rotation, in the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University. Meteorological conditions during the years of the experiments were different, but quite typical for the climate of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The object of research are 5 varieties of large-fruited pumpkin: Dietary, Red etamp, Crumb, Honey crumb, Honey dessert; two samples of selection of the Omsk State Agrarian University: 1/15, 2/15; three samples of selection of the FGBOU IN RGAZU: 4/21, 5/21, 7/21. Observations, accounting and analysis were carried out according to generally accepted methods.

Results. The biological yield of the studied cultivars varies from 10.3 to 42.2 t/ha in 2021 and from 18.2 to 35.8 t/ha in 2022.

Tanacetum balsamita L. is a perennial rhizomatous plant of the Asteraceae family. T. balsamita is cultivated as medicinal, aromatic plants and food plant. Extract of costmary exhibits hepatoprotective, antiseptic and anthelmintic properties. The herb of T. balsamita contains essential oils and phenolic compounds. This species included in the "Biocollection of medicinal and aromatic plants of open and protected ground", Botanical garden of the VILAR. The main aim was to study the composition of phenolic compounds in the leaves of T. balsamita with application of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. The object of the study was the leaves of T. balsamita. Samples were extracted with 1 ml of 80% aqueous acetone. An ultra-performance liquid chromatographic system with a photodiode detector and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for analysis of phenolic compounds. The UV and MS data of phenolic compounds were used for their identification or tentative characterization with application of mass spectrometry databases and data published in the literature.

Results. The results obtained showed the presence in the leaves of 17 phenolic compounds. Five compounds were identified as caffeoylquinic, feruloylquinic and three dicaffeolquinic acid isomers, and two compounds as ferulic acid hexoside isomers. The leaves of T. balsamita contained also five luteolin derivatives, two chrysoeriol derivatives, and spinacetin/axillarin. Four compounds were not identified.

Medicinal plants and preparations thereof are widely used in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. The demand of the pharmaceutical industry for herbal medicinal raw materials is met by culturing these plants. Pharmaceutical factories can be fully supplied with medicinal raw materials both by expanding the area and by increasing the yield of cultivated crops, which is achieved by using high-quality seeds of promising varieties in the required amount. In recent years, in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia in the medicinal crop rotation of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR, studies have been conducted to study the possibility of increasing the seed productivity of Echinacea purpurea L., Сhamomilla recutita L., Plantago major L. and Salvia officinalis L., which occupy an important place in the modern range of medicines used in official and traditional medicine. To this end, experiments were laid on the complex test of humic fertilizers (Lignogumat, Normat L) with growth regulators (Zircon, Agat, Gibbersib) and chelated micro-fertilizers (Siliplant and Cytovit)

As a result of the studies carried out on echinacea, an increase in the yield of seeds and an improvement in their quality was established on the Lignogumat + Agate variant (by 31%), and on sage and chamomile – Lignogumat + Zircon (by 28% and 39%, respectively), the weight of 1000 seeds exceeded the control by 8-15%. Non-root feeding of echinacea and plantain with Lignogumat and Normat L with silicon-containing microfertilization Siliplant ensured increase of seed productivity by 14-16%, mass of 100 seeds increased by 8-10%. Thus, by using complexes of humic preparations with growth regulators and silicon-containing microfertilization Siliplant as effective means of regulating the growth and development of medicinal cultures, activating flowering and seed formation processes, it is possible to ensure high yield and the best quality of the resulting seed material.

Relevance. Foliar feeding when growing vegetables is due to its positive effect on quality and yield indicators. The use of microfertilizers for foliar feeding allows optimizing the absorption of nutrients by plants, which can not only reduce economic costs, but also regulate the accumulation of biologically active substances. Identifying the optimal fertilizing system for different varieties and hybrids of vegetables is especially important in risky farming areas, where the main factor regulating yield indicators is weather.

Methodology. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of foliar feeding of the white cabbage variety Zimovka 1474 different agrochemicals. In a field experiment for three years (2018-2020), the effect of microfertilizers, humate, chelates and a biostimulator on the yield, biochemical and microelement composition of white cabbage variety Zimovka 1434 was studied.

Results. It has been shown that the biometric characteristics of cabbage are best influenced by foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Aquarin and the biostimulator BIS-65, and the total and marketable yield is influenced by microfertilizer in chelate form Helaton. The greatest accumulation of dry matter, sugars, and vitamin C was typical for variants using the biological product BIS-65 and chelated fertilizers (Tiaton, Helaton). Chelated fertilizers also contributed to an increase in the accumulation of elements such as potassium, calcium, iron, zinc and manganese in cabbage heads.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biochemical components in the heads of some red cabbage accessions (Russian cultivar Mikhnevskaya, Russian hybrid from Co Sedek Promethey F₁, Turkish variety Mohrenkopf, hybrids from the Netherlands Zomiro F₁, Pecky F₁, Remala F₁, Japanese hybrid Pretino F₁), during cultivation in the conditions of the Leningrad region. The content of dry matter, nutritional compounds of protein and sugars, biologically active pigments anthocyanins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic acids expressed in gallic acid equivalents, as well as the level of antioxidant activity using DPPH were determined. It was found that the content of most chemical components varied greatly between accessions, especially sugars, pigments, and phenolic compounds. As a result of metabolomic profiling, nine monosaccharides (84% of the total) and two disaccharides were identified, including five sugars common to all studied accessions, the predominant of which was fructose. The content of total chlorophylls in heads of cabbage was in the range of 0.48-50.43 mg/100 g (chlorophyll a was 70%), carotenoids in the range of 0.95-15.58 mg/100 g. Carotenoids included carotenes, represented mainly by βcarotene, luteins, violaxanthins, xanthophylls. The main anthocyanin in red cabbage accessions is cyanidin. A total of 19 components of the anthocyanin profile were identified; of which there are six main components, that account for 80% of the total. 11 phenolic compounds of various nature were identified, and all studied accessions contained quinic, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Sources of valuable biochemical traits have been found for breeding on quality for healthy nutrition: the cultivar Mohrenkopf stood out for its high content of dry substances; sugars – hybrid Zomiro F₁; anthocyanins – hybrid Pecky F₁; phenolic compounds – Pecky F₁ and Mohrenkopf; high antioxidant activity - Mikhnevskaya, Mohrenkopf and Pecky F₁.

Currently, pectins are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical industry, medicine and other industries due to the ability to form gels of various strengths, to show therapeutic and preventive properties. Cucurbita maxima pumpkin is considered as a source of natural and inexpensive pectin, as well as a functional food product for use in food and pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the study was to identify the features of the accumulation of pectin substances in the most economically significant species of pumpkin C. maxima from the VIR collection. It was found that the studied varieties differ significantly in the amount of pectin substances. The content of pectins in the conditions of the North-West of Russia varied in the range from 0.59 to 4.24% (for absolutely dry matter). The content of soluble pectins was in the range of 0.24-1.36%. The level of protopectin accumulation, depending on the genotype and conditions of the growing season, was 0.35-3.37%. Sources of high content of soluble pectin and protopectin in pumpkin fruits have been identified for their further use in breeding, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Relevance. In one of the farms, situated in the Central region of the Russian Federation was found the first defeat of cabbage by obligate weed – broomrape. As the long experience shows (since 2011 yr.), the control of broomrape is very difficult, and it is a real danger for the vegetable growing in this region.

Materials and methods. The object of researches were the plantations of white cabbage, which was grown by using the cassette technology, there were field experiments.

The research methods included the following works: phenological observations of broomrape and white cabbage ontogenesis, the detection of the main features during blooming and fruiting of this weed, the definition of the duration of broomrape evolution until the fruiting phase, the detection of blooming shoots location on the surface of the cabbage plantation, the identifying of relationship between the height of broomrape’s flower-bearing shoots and the height of leaves of cabbage’s rosette.

There was analyzed the feature of growing by using the cassette technology cabbage, being damaged by broomrape.

Results. It was found, that the studied in the paper race of broomrape can successfully progress in more northern soil-climatic conditions of the Central region of the Russian Federation. The complex of agro technical methods of broomrape control is suggested, it includes: the two-level plowing of the weedy fields right after harvesting cabbage; receiving of cabbage’s fibrous root, which should be situated into the working plowing space with depth up to 25 cm; multiplex cultivation of the growing shoots of the weed; the cabbage hilling before rows closing. The alternative methods of broomrape control also can be used: the conveyer of cruciferous vegetable cultures with short vegetation period and cultures, which provoke the germination of the weed.

Relevance. Tomato is one of the most beloved and popular vegetables among Primorye residents. But in the monsoon climate, the Far Eastern Primorye has the most intense infectious background in Russia. The yield losses of tomato fruits from alternariosis annually amount to 30% or more. Losses from late blight on the background of epiphytotics in years with wet and cold summers, as observed in 2019, depending on the stability of the variety, can reach from 17 to 100%. Despite the fact that the development and use of biological means of control has recently been a priority, it is still too early to abandon chemical protection measures. High efficiency and versatility of the correctly selected scheme of application of fungicides, short processing time – all this gives a quick and reliable result in protecting tomato crops and reducing the harmfulness of the complex of diseases.

Methodology. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 at the Primorsky Vegetable Experimental Station (PVES) – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in the monsoon climate of the coastal zone of Primorsky Krai. We studied the effect of chemical preparations Signum, Orvego and their tank mixture with igum + Orvego on the development of diseases, yield indicators and the structure of the tomato crop varieties Odyssey, and Fitilek. Agrotechnics of cultivation are generally accepted in Primorsky Krai for tomato culture.

Results. Testing of chemical fungicides in the conditions of Primorsky Krai showed that the development of alternariasis, starting with the appearance of the first signs of damage in the first half of the growing season, effectively restrains the fungicide Signum, contributing to the preservation of the working leaf surface. It is advisable to use the tank mixture With igum + Orvego starting from the first or second decade of August, when a complex of phytopathogens develops on the leaf surface. The introduction of these two fungicides into the tank mixture leads to an increase in the biological and economic effectiveness of protective measures in the fight against alternariasis and late blight of tomatoes, compared with the standard fungicide Acrobat MC. Joint Signum Processing+Orvego, by reducing the intensity of disease development and the share of the non-commodity part of the crop, has a beneficial effect on the mass of commercial fruit and contributes to a more complete realization of the productive potential of Odyssey and Fitilek varieties.

To study the remobilization rate affected by growth regulators in wheat a field experiment was carried out in the south of Iran over 2017-2019 with a split-split plot design and three iterations in completely randomized blocks. The main plots were two irrigation regimes (full irrigation and irrigation interruption at the grain-filling stage), two wheat cultivars (Chamran 2 and Durum Karkheh cv.s) were as sub plots, and four growth regulators (control (no growth regulator), salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and cytokinin) placed in sub-sub plots. Results revealed the significant impact of the triple interaction on grain yield. The highest grain yield (4803 kg/Ha) was observed for Chamran 2 cv. treated with complete irrigation and salicylic acid. Although grain yield declined by 15.5% in the Karkheh cv. with irrigation interruption at the grain-filling stage and non-administration of growth regulators, treatment with salicylic acid managed to attenuate the adverse impact of drought stress in grain yield. The highest current photosynthesis and its contribution were observed in cultivars treated with complete irrigation. Moreover, irrigation regimen and growth regulators each had significant impacts on proline, catalase enzyme, and stomatal conductance. Overall, results suggested that using salicylic acid in Chamran 2 cv. would be advisable to increase growth and grain yield and reduce decline under stress.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a cultivated plant of the Amaranthaceae family of Peruvian origin with high nutritional value. The Krasnodar region of Russia is a region with favorable climatic conditions for growing quinoa. The studies were carried out on the basis of Quinoa Center LLC, located in the Novokubansky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Four quinoa varieties were used as research material: Blanca de Juli, White Peru, Salcedo, the local variety Seva (included in the State Register of the Russian Federation in 2017) served as the standard. Various morphological parameters of plants were assessed and phenological observations were carried out.

The results showed statistically significant differences between varieties in plant productivity. The White Peru variety responded positively to the new conditions and was introduced without irrigation. The productivity of the panicle was on average 100 g, for the standard variety Seva - 70 g. In the dynamics of the ontogenetic development cycle of four quinoa varieties, it was established that the optimal sowing time in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory is May. The tested varieties were also assessed for grain quality. In the conditions of the Krasnodar region they showed good results, thanks to selection for white grain and panicle uniformity. However, not all of them can be adapted, since they need constant watering and for late-ripening varieties autumn rains negatively affect their yield. The local early ripening variety Seva is of interest to Peru. In Peru, the main problem reducing production is low yield caused by frost in the Puno Peru region. The Seva variety reaches phenological phases: the beginning of panicle formation (R6), panicle formation (R7), flowering (R8) and full panicle ripening, physiological maturity (R12) and due to its early ripening it avoids frost. Therefore, the Seva variety can be recommended for sowing in the Puno-Peru region, since it has a gene pool that provides cold resistance but this requires detailed study. In general, to optimize the introduction of quinoa in Russia further research on adaptability in the Krasnodar region is necessary.

Relevance. Potato varieties Eurasia and Onezhskiy were developed as a result of cooperation between the Murmansk State Agricultural Experiment Station – branch of the VIR and the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka" and were included in the State Register of the Russian Federation in 2014 (Onezhsky) and in 2017 (Eurasia). To determine the prospects for cultivation in the Kola North, the varieties were tested in the conditions of the Murmansk region.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Murmansk State Agricultural Experiment Station – branch of the VIR in 2018-2020. Potato varieties Eurasia and Onezhskiy were obtained from the Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka". The plot in the experiment included 4 rows of 15 tubers in each row. The planting pattern is 70x35 cm. Repetition – four times. The location of the plots is systematic with the plots being shifted along tiers. Early maturity was assessed using one test coping on the 70th day after planting. The Elizabeth variety was used as a standard. The results were processed using the method of analysis of variance according to Dospekhov.

Results. The research results showed that the Onezhsky variety is distinguished by high starchiness, non-darkening flesh and good taste, is resistant to pathogens: Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival, Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter), Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens, relatively resistant to Phytophthora infestans (Mont . De Bary), is weakly affected by Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV). The Onezhsky variety, on average, over three years of research exceeded the standard sample in terms of yield and plant productivity. The Eurasia variety has high starchy content, good taste, culinary type B, is resistant to pathogens: Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens, Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilbersky) Percival, moderately susceptible to Phytophthora infestans (Mont. De Bary). The Eurasia variety also exceeded the standard sample in terms of yield and plant productivity. Thus, the Onezhsky and Eurasia potato varieties are recommended for cultivation in the Kola North.

Relevance and methodology. In order to determine the effect of increasing the proportion of far red light (different ratio of red and far red light) in the total spectrum of polychrome irradiation on the growth rates of sugar beet plants of the Smena hybrid, they were grown for 82 days under LED lighting under controlled climate conditions in a Synergotron digital device of the ISR 2.01 model with a twofold increase in the proportion of far red light compared to control.

Results. An increase in the proportion of far red light led to an increase in the specific weight of leaves with a smaller area of leaves in the initial period of plant growth, higher values of the quantum yield of photosynthesis, the rate of electron transport, and a decrease in energy losses mainly to heat. The biometric indicators of plants changed depending on the period of ontogeny. In the initial period, the biomass of the aerial part prevailed, in the subsequent period, the biomass of root crops. In the experimental variant, the accumulation of biomass in the aerial parts of plants in the initial period of the experiment turned out to be less than in the control, and only at the end of the experiment was an excess of the total biomass in the experimental variant by 12.2%. There was an increase in the accumulation of root biomass compared to the control by 38.7%. The predominant part of the aboveground biomass of sugar beet was made up of leaf blades, the proportion of petioles was much less and practically did not depend on the composition of the light. At the end of the growing period, the dry matter content in root crops increased by 2.44% compared to the control, sugar content – by 0.65%. The data obtained can be used in the development of technology for artificial lighting of sugar beets when grown in closed agrobiotechnosystems in order to increase the yield and sugar content of root crops.