Ideas concerning an efficiency of breeding program, seed production and adequate strain testing are reviewed regarding to up-to-date requirements need for agriculture. The efforts are focused on ecological plant adaptation to stresses. That is why, there is extremely necessary to develop a range of cultivars and varieties with desirable characteristics which could provide germplasm protecting and prevention of yield losses under stress conditions. Moreover, there should be organized seed stocks, taking into account the all cultivated area in Russia. Ecological stable plant cultivation is a most suitable way of plant growing that also leads to precise strain identification for all cultivars handled in a considered region.

All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production is one of the oldest scientific institutions for plant breeding. The Gribovskaya experimental station for plant breeding was the initial research centre founded in 1920. Presently, All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production keep the traditional scientific course up which was began by outstanding plant breeder Zhegalov S.I. who then developed methods and recommendations for plant breeding. All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production are the scientific centre for research, methodology and practice in the field of vegetable breeding and seed management in Nonchernozem zone of Russia. The research core group of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production has developed over 700 cultivars and hybrids, 447 of them were included in the State Registration List of Achievements in Plant Breeding of Russian Federation in 2008.

Materials of the presentation at the 1 st international conference on «Current trends in vegetable breeding and seed production, traditions and perspectives», august 2008.

Modern directions of nanotechnologies, their value, in particular, for development of genomics were considered. Data about the non-randomness of distribution of some DNA motives in genomes testified in favour of the theory of Lima-de-Faria to interrelation between the structure-functional organization of a genetic material in nano-and microscales were presented.

The technology for bell pepper breeding program has been elaborated for the regions with reduced heating supply. The selected cold resistance forms of bell pepper served as the basis for modeling of cold stresses and pathogen infections being studied at different stages of plant growing. In conditions of protected cultivation, there are cultivars Slastena, Kazachok, pamiyti Zhegalova and some breeding forms were selected. These cultivars can also be grown in open field conditions in Nonchernozem zone.

The use of heterosis is a forward direction in white head cabbage breeding program. This strategy enables to serve characteristic and yield improvements compared with best cultivars currently being used. At present time, the most suitable way to produce the hybrid seeds of cabbage is crossing between self incompatibility lines. 4-line crossed hybrids Avrora, (ultra fast ripening), and Snezhinka (mid-late ripening) with use of self incompatibility were obtained. The andro-sterile form has been multiplied by biotechnology methods and the sterility maintainers have been tested and fatherly forms have also been multiplied.

In September the 5th conference on Aromatic and Medicinal Plants was held at Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno. This University has a long history of agriculture and forestry studies. Science and research tasks combine together long term scientific programs and an educational opportunity in the range of disciplines such as agriculture, biology, forestry, economics and techniques. The faculty of horticulture in Lednice is the faculty of long scientific history since 1912, and where the scientific and research centre was then established in 1985. In Brno, there is also a well-known place where Gregor Mendel carried on his experiments with plants at St. Thomas abbey in the centre of the old city.

The breeding program task on improvement human health is to provide the chemical balanced food that is required for people's life. In the laboratory of ecological methods of selective breeding at All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production with participation of analytical center of Institute of Geology RAS the research work «The theoretical background of ecological method usage for testing vegetable crops on stable contents of chemical elements into edible parts of vegetable plants has been carried out.

Vegetables definitely play a great role in food composition of a human. In countries where fruit and vegetable consumption is high, there is reduced cases of cardiovascular and cancel diseases as it was shown by epidemiological data. Vegetables bear the protective properties based on antioxidant actions of such components as vitamins, flavonoids, antozian, polyphenols and microelements including selenium, zinc, and copper and so on. The applications of stimulators of growth are safe environmental methods that can be used for improvement of yield qualities. The influence of Epin, Gumats, APIONs and other growth stimulators on antioxidant and biologically active matter contents has been studied in range of vegetable crops like perennial onion, Japanese cabbage, and bell pepper and so on.

The high antioxidant content in fruits of tomato and sweet pepper is determined as a characteristic of nutritive value as well as medical purposes. The analyses snowed that the antioxidant activity was different in cultivars type of tomato and sweet pepper taken for testing. It was shown that the antioxidant activity in a fruit juice of sweet pepper was 2.5 times as much as in tomato juice. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed in hybrids with pink and crimson colored fruits such as N603, Galactika, and also inbred lines of pepper developed by inter-specific crossing of N624 and N1713.

Reviving and developing of pea seed production have become the task of state priority. Due to this in Russia for a demand for fresh pea there should be occupied not less than 100 thousand hectares of sowing area. At present time the seed demand is 30 thousand tons. At All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production the elite seed production is carried on for 15 cultivars. These cultivars cover 5 groups of maturity and it enables to provide the raw material of pea for processing during 30 days. The different terms of sowing used prolong the processing up to 45 days.

In north regions of Russia the breeding programs are manly focused on developing tomato cultivars with following characteristics: resistance to stresses (biotic, abiotic), high yield capacity, high quality output, high dry matter content and long storage ability of tomato fruits. Since 2007 in State Registry of Plant Breeding Achievements there are three cultivars Malinka, Rosinka, Unona bred at All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production that were included. Their high ecological plasticity provides a stable yield under any climatic condition of a year.

At department of ecology of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production the adaptive capacity through bean accessions has been analyzed. As a summarized result for 3 years of observation, Rashel and 6 KSI have been determined as cultivar types with high adaptive capacity for a yielding characteristic and seed production. The mentioned types have been proven to be cultivated wide spread in different growing, soil and farming conditions without any risk of yield and quality reduction.

Tchika, Zhegalovetz, Valentino, Miver, Milany are newly developed cultivar that have been bred at All-Russian Institute for Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production. These cultivars possess all required qualities for breeding standards. It is reasonable to sow the mentioned cultivars one by one as a chain planting for providing the raw material output at the 30 day period and longer. The cultivars are clearly distinct from other ones by high quality of beans that are suitable for can production and deep freezing. Moreover, they are completely suitable for gardening purposes

At department of ecology of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production the adaptive capacity through bean accessions has been analyzed. As a summarized result for 3 years of observation, Rashel and 6 KSI have been determined as cultivar types with high adaptive capacity for a yielding characteristic and seed production. The mentioned types have been proven to be cultivated wide spread in different growing, soil and farming conditions without any risk of yield and quality reduction.

Breeding program at All-Russian Institute for Vegetable Breeding and Seed production is focused on Amaranth utilization as a culture for seed production, silaging as well as for food and decorative proposes. Due to this the work that has been carried on is a production of ready - made products from Amaranth particularly in case of foliage commodity used for tea component enriching and production of biologically active food additions.