Insufficient basic knowledge base of agriculture is the main reason of its world crisis at the turn of XXth century. The main task of scientific support of agriculture at the XXI century is the transformation of this economic sector that will allows meeting the needs of the human in foods and raw material owing to infinity of knowledge of law of nature.

Analysis of investigation and application of genetic resources of vegetable and melon crops since Vavilov's time up to nowadays has been done. The main trends of investigations of the gene bank collection in recent times are described. The results of breeding and seed production are shown. The initial breeding materials are recommended.

Using of the DH–lines of two mapping populations of Brassica rapa L, the morpho–biological investigation and mapping of QTLs determined some morphological traits of quality in greenhouse's condition have been done. The linkage groups of QTLs of the following quantitative traits have been identified and localized: length, width, color, hairiness, and surface of lamina, as well as petiole length and width caused of nutritive value of B. rapa plants. The molecular markers genetically linked with mapped QTLs were revealed. The percent of phenotypic variability determined by the identified chromosome loci was calculated.

The results of study of inheritance of bulb color in onion are presented in the article. It was shown that the differences in bulb color (yellow, brown, white, red, etc) are determined by several genes in genome. 

The results of a study of the genetic control and evaluation of combining ability for productivity of pickling cucumbers and standard fruits of 20 cucumber lines obtained after crossing 10 parthenocarpic gynoecious and 10 monoecious lines resistant to downy mildew are presented in the article. The cucumber lines with the high combining ability were identified. In the future, these lines will be used in breeding programs.

The analysis of changing of amount of total proteins and storage proteins of green bean was done. The influence of the contrast natural conditions on the quality of green bean seeds was revealed. The obtained data can be used for seed production of green bean.

The development of new type of tea, the baikhovi black tea with leaves of amaranth (50:50), allowed the enrichment of tea by the compounds with vitamin P-activity, quercetine, rutin (3-times increasing), protein, pectin, key amino acids, vitamin C, calcium, ferrum, and organogenic silicon. Owing to the high content of red-violet antioxidant betacyanin in leaves of amaranth, the tea color was improved and antioxidant activity was increased.

The study of net productivity of photosynthesis of tomato in continuous culture has been conducted during 2010-2013. The influence of two-year interruption by crop rotation link and different systems of fertilization on the growth of vegetative mass (g/m² per day) was determined. 

The characteristics that are typical for all leaved crops were identified in the studied green and spiced-aromatic crops. Maximal amount of the total antioxidants per 1 g of raw material is accumulated in juvenile leaves, flowers, and inflorescences. Total antioxidant content is decreased in old leaves of plants.

Results of research of possibility of introduction of a new for the Russian Federation tuberous crop culture, sweet potato, are presented. The influence of planting dates on the yield of this culture was studied. According to the field experiment, the high yield of sweet potato tuber and resistance to diseases and pests were revealed.

The results of winter and spring sowing times of vegetable root crops of Brassicaceae family in protected area are presented. Five varieties and three hybrids of daikon, seven varieties of radish, and five varieties of turnip were studied. The minimal and maximal weight of roots for each sowing time was revealed. The average weight of products over three years of research was calculated.

The estimation of the new approach of obtaining of potential yield of common varieties and new breeding samples of potato growing on row- boxes of the new technology of the company «Sedek» was done. The use of the complex of agricultural practices, such as healthy initial material, high soil fertility, seed vernalization, early planting, application of covering materials, and watering, are allowed to get yields of potato at the level of 100 t/ha.

The duration of interstage periods and fruiting time as well as their correlation with yield were studied. The correlation between density of early ripeness and density of interstage period «flowering-ripeness» was revealed.

Based on the complex of agronomical traits, the foreign sweet maize hybrids Testy Sweet, Honey, Bentham, Trophy, Sweet Nugget, and Super Sundance are recommended for growing in the conditions of the south zone of the Amur region. In this conditions, the vegetation season is 78-80 days, the yield of corn of milky ripeness is 16,9 t/ha.

The results of the study of different types of growing of large-fruited watermelons in conditions of south zone of the Amur region are presented. Three promisingHollandearly ripening hybrids were tested. The optimal sowing time and ways of plant development were determined. The hybrids were fully characterized; the guidelines for their growing in the condition of this region are described.

The aim of technical specifications is the development of quality rating system of canned garlicky tomato in vinegar and tomato sauces with garlic, sugar, salt, and vinegar. The project of the technical specifications is developed for the first time inRussia.

Data of bioenergetic assessment of two strains of oyster mushroom in conditions of basement with different light intensity were obtained. The energy for the product development and the energy accumulated by the economically valuable part of yield were evaluated. The high ratio of the bioenergetic efficiency (up to 2,42) was revealed for the strain НК-35 when the day-light lamps at 600-800 lux of intensity were used.