There are more than 1200 vegetable crops belonging to 78 families, 600 of which are cultivated, the others are used as a wild species. At the most countries about 30-35 vegetable crops are produced industrially, while in Russia only 10-15 vegetable crops have commercial application. The global trend in vegetable growing is an increasing of overall production of vegetables. Since 1993 up to 2013, the vegetable
production has increased from 516,98 million tons up to 1,136 billion tons, cultivated area has increased up to 70%, and average yield has increased up to 29%. Most of vegetables are cultivated in the open field, and only 23% is the vegetable growing in the protected ground. In 2013, there are 14,689 million tons of vegetables produced in Russia.

The field experiment has revealed that application of green manure and mulching of seedlings by organic matters and zeolite-containing clay increases the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and improves agro-physical parameters of soil. As consequence the yield of red beet has increased up to 14-34%, the root weight has increased up to 11-16 g, and the standard output has increased up to 3-7%. The improvement of biochemical and phytosanitary quality of roots was revealed.

The results of investigation of of the basic parameters of drip irrigation regimes, total water consumption and productivity of the early-ripening onion in a dry Steppe of Ukraine depending on the soil’s pre-irrigation humidity are presented. It was found that maximal yield was obtained when the pre-irrigation humidity was 90% at the minimal specific consumption of irrigating water for development of 1 ton of products.

Micefit is a product developed based on mycorrhizal fungi extracted from roots of swamp ledum. For ecological purposes the Micefit is used for final stage of cleaning of contaminated and polluted land at seed sowing and seedling plating. The effect of growth regulator Micefit on seeds of garden radish depending on different concentrations and exposures. The dependence of garden radish yield on time of treatment and concentration is shown.

As a results of investigation, the new tomato varieties Eva, Narine, and an were selected for manufacturing application in different regions of Armenia. Cultivar Narine was registered in 2013. Cultivars Eva and Van are being tested for State Variety Trial.

The data of spring-summer sowing time of vegetable root crops of the family Brassicaceae in the open filed are presented. Five varieties and three hybrids of daikon, seven varieties of radish, and four varieties of turnip were tested. Based on the results, the minimal and maximal root weight for each time of sowing were determined; average fresh weight of vegetable roots for three years of investigation was accounted.

In the central region of Russia welsh onion is a promising crop for bunch onion combined with a high sappy sheath. The annual crop in open field allows getting the product at August- September. For this purpose the cv. Nezhnosty, Aprelyskyi, Sprinter (length of sheath is 15 cm, yield is 3.7 – 3.8 kg/m2) are the most suitable. In order to get bunching onion during September-October, the cv. Long Tokio, Ishikura long wait (yield is 3.1-3.2 kg / m2), Totem F1, and Performer (yield is 2.5 kg / m2) characterized by the medium height and the vertical position of leaves (5 leaves per plant) are recommended.

The results of study of influence of climatic conditions associated with vertical zonality on the defeat and spread of viral diseases, as well as on the yield of potato are presented. The use of favorable natural and climatic conditions of the mountainous province of the Dagestan Republic for establishment of production virus-free potato seeds allows to increase the potato production in Republic.

The most effective types of treatments of freshly harvested potato tubers for dual cropping in conditions of irrigation of North steppe of Ukraine were determined. For the cv. Impala it is a pretreatment by water solution of Fumar and Gibberellin, water solution of Reastim and Gibberellin. For the cv. Zagadka it is a pre-treatment by water solution of Reastim and Gibberellin.

The results of evaluation of the collection of sweet corn hybrids Bonus, Spirit, NOA, and Trophy for for earliness and yield are presented. The hybrids NOA and Bonuses are recommended for growing of sweet corn in the agro-climatic conditions of southern agricultural zone of the Amur Region.

Using the sporophyte selection accelerates in three times the breeding process of new tomato forms with dgenes for the multilevel narrow-shelve hydroponic technology. Analysis two breeding approaches is presented in this paper: the individual selection of recombinant forms from populations and the target hybridization. The target hybridization increases the productivity of the plant and the weight of one fruit in two times.

The role of plant extracts in the process of induction of embryogenic structures and its following development in plants is revealed. Thus, the addition in the culture medium of the extracts diluted in DMSO increases the rate of gynoand androgenesis on 2.4% as compared with control. Experimentally proved that the plant extract derived from the reproductive organs of certain genotype increases the morphogenetic potential of isolated organs only of the same genotype.

The collection of vegetable bean varieties was screened for duration of vegetative and interstage periods. The initial breeding material as a source of early-ripeness was selected.

The review describes the aspects of lactic acid fermentation stages and actors have an impact on the process of fermentation of vegetables, the use of pure cultures of micro-organisms in the production of lactic acid fermented vegetable products.

The antioxidant metabolome as a part of metabolome of  mbryophytes presents the total low molecular weight hydrophylic and hydrophobic metabolites with antioxidant activity which take part in protection and regulatory plant reactions. The main function of antioxidant metabolites is deactivation of active forms of oxygen and free radicals appearing ue to biotic and abiotic stresses. The level of resistance to oxidative stress of each plant is defined by total metabolome of antioxidants (content, speed of synthesis, accumulation, utilization) depending on genotype, but can be changed under the action of environment.

Results of field experiments of the study of seasonal abundance of Colorado potato beetle in different potato varieties. It was shown that some varieties developed through conventional breeding are able keeping its resistance when threshold of harmfulness is exceed.

A periodic phytopathology field monitoring was conducted on 35 introduced common bean (Phaseolus) accessions at Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute in 2014. The epiphytotic disease black root rot on the bean crops (over 75 % reduction of the stand) was recorded for the first time for the area of Bulgaria. The causal agent isolated from the plant tissue was identified as the fungus Thielaviopsis basicola (Berkeley) Ferraris. A strong relationship between disease severity variation and environmental and soil conditions was established. Black root rot was most severe when cool and wet weather occurred from seedling time to about three weeks after planting, combined with increased soil compaction. Field resistance was recorded in Bulgarian var. “Plovdivski zult”, var. “Starozagorski tzer” and line № 564 (3,66%, 5.33% and 6,50 % dumping-off of bean seedlings, respectively). Bean accession introduced from dry climate areas were highly susceptible to black root rot pathogen (over 76.0 % dumping-off of bean seedlings). Indirect relationship was found between bean tolerance to Th. basicola and presence of the anthocyanin in the hypocotyl and seed coat color. Install the average negative correlation between seed color signs (and hypocotyl) and the resistance of plants to Th. basicola. Samples with resistance to black root rot belong to the group with beige, red, brown or black color of seeds. The presence of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins) in the seed coat and hypocotyls beans can serve as an indirect indication of the selection of resistant to black rot breeding materials.

The efficiency of bacterial products Mizorin and PG-5 for treatment of seeds and seedlings roots of tomato cv. Novichok was studied. The positive effect of these biological products on productivity and disease resistance of tomato was revealed. The most effective was Mizorin when both treatments were applied. Biological efficiency was 46% and 38% against Septoria disease and Phytophtora, respectively. The yield of tomato increased (0.4 – 3.3 t/ha) when Mizorin was applied.

The comparative analysis of different ways of application of the growth regulators “Obereg” and “Zavyazy” for white head cabbage has been conducted. The most effective was the double spraying by the mixed growth regulators at the stage of 6-8 leaves and the stage of the beginning of the forming of head of cabbage (400 g/ha and 60 ml/ha). The time step between the treatments is 30 days. The treatments have speeded up the stage of the industrial ripeness on 5-6 days as compared to control and have increased yield of cabbage. The increasing of the content of dry  atter up to 1%, sugars up to 0.5%,  nd vitamin C up to 1.9% mg% was recorded. The nitrate content in all variants was in range of the maximum permissible concentration.