Relevance. To create an effective technology for obtaining doubled haploids (DH-technology) of zucchini in unpollinatedseedpod culture in vitro it is necessary to select the optimal values of many factors, the degree of influence of each of which on gynogenesis can vary significantly. The aim of the study was to optimize the individual stages of the technology.
Methods. Liquid and agarized (7 g/L) IMC medium with different sucrose concentrations (20 to 80 g/L) and different plant growth regulators (2 mg/L 2,4 D; 0.2 mg/L TDZ ; 0.8 mg/L 2,4 D and 1.2 mg/L NUC) were used for induction of embryogenesis.
Results. Optimal for the studied zucchini genotypes was pre-isolated from the evening, plucked in the morning opened bud. Sterilization of zucchini ovaries by short-term burning after treatment with 96% alcohol, allows significant reduction of the time required for this step without loss of embryogenic potential. IMC nutrient medium with sucrose (20 to 40 g/l) can be used for induction of gynogenesis in the unpollinatedzucchini ovary culture. The use of nutrient media with 2 mg/l 2,4 D for most genotypes was more effective and resulted in higher number of embryoids compared to nutrient media containing 0.2 mg/l TDC and media with 0.8 mg/l 2,4 D and 1.2 mg/l NAA. Embryoid formation was observed after 5 weeks of cultivation.
Conclusion. We were able to complete the full cycle of technology for obtaining doubled haploids in unpollinatedseedpod culture in vitro for 30 zucchini genotypes and obtain DHplants, which are valuable source material for both breeders and genetic research. Optimization of the individual steps of the technology made it possible to achieve the maximum result for individual genotypes – 55 embryoids per 100 cultivated ovules.

Relevance. The induction of gynogenic development of the culture of unpollinated ovules of Cucumis sativus L., as a part of solid nutrient media agar-agar or Phytagel™ are used as a gelling agent. The gelling agent determines the mobilization of substances in the composition of the nutrient medium and has various effects on the explants, which affects the quality of the resulting regenerates. However, there are no scientific works that explaines the effect of these gelling agents on the development of ovules and compare them with each other for C. sativus L. The aim: investigate the effect of various gelling agent in the nutrient medium on the induction of gynogenesis and the development of cucumber unpollinated ovules.
Materials and methods. There are two promising collection specimens of cucumber №58 and №831 of the laboratory of cucurbits crop breeding and seed production of FSBSI FSVC were included into research. IMC nutrient medium (Induction Medium for Cucurbitaceae) with 30 g/l sucrose, 200 mg/l ampicillin, 0.2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) was used for the induction of gynogenesis; agar-agar at a concentration of 7 g/l or Phytagel™ at a concentration of 3.5 g/l was used as a gel-forming agents. Ovules were isolated from ovaries in the phase of half-opened flower (FL-1) and fully opened flower (FL). Cultivation was carried out in plastic Petri dishes with a diameter of 60 mm with an air gap of 28.8 cm³ – "KS No. 1", and glass culture jars with an air gap of 140 cm³ – "KS No. 2".
Results. On containing Phytagel™ or agar-agar nutrient medium, the area of ovules during 30 days of cultivation increases irregularly. Coefficients of ovule enlargement between gelling agents differed from 1.7 to 2.6 times depending on the cultivation time. The average growth rate of ovules on media with Phytagel™ was 0.08 mm²/day, while on media with agar-agar it was 0.02 mm²/day. Gelling agents type and cucumber phenotype are significant factors affecting the increase in area of entered into unpollinated cucumber ovules culture. Herewith the share of the gelling agent effect was 55.01%, and the share of genotype effect was 14.53%. The effect of flower development stage or culture vessel type has not found for both of genotypes. In the study, it was possible to achieve the induction of gynogenesis in 67% of the unpollinated ovules genotype №831 on nutrient medium with agar-agar.
Conclusion. Ovules development were faster on a nutrient medium using Phytagel™ as a gelling agent than on agaragar. At the same time, the percentage of induced ovules was significally higher on nutrient medium with agar-agar for both phenotypes. Gelling agents type and cucumber phenotype were found as significant factors of the induction and the development of unpollinated ovules.

Relevance. In onion breeding, quickly obtain aligned material is an urgent target for create parent forms of heterosis hybrids. Using classical methods with helping of backcrosses, this is achieved in 10-12 years. Using the technology of doubled haploids, it is possible to reduce these terms several times, and also to avoid the manifestation of inbred depression when obtaining lines by self-pollination. At the same time, the most effective in the production of haploids is the use of whole flower buds as an explant, unlike ovules and ovaries, the production of which is more time-consuming and labor-intensive.
Methods. The doubled onion haploids were obtained by the method of ovule culture on the basis of the biotechnology laboratory of the Gavrish Breeding Center using the technology that based on the methodological recommendations of Monakhos S.G. et al., 2014. DH–onion plants with a developed root system and leaf apparatus were planted in the open ground and grown according to the technology generally accepted for the zone at the sites of the Gavrish breeding center, Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory. The obtained commercial bulbs were evaluated according to the RTG/46/2 method.
Results. It was obtain doubled haploids, which were tested for ploidness by flow cytometry. 40 digaploid onion plants have been created. As a result of further development after transplantation into the open ground, storage, springization and selection, 3 uterine bulbs were obtained for further reproduction and inclusion in the breeding process.

Relevance. Plants of potato varieties are carriers of viral pathogens in a latent form. These viruses can be transmitted to clonal progeny of the carriers. The system of virus-free seed production facilitates the elimination of the viruses in seed potatoes and preserves the high productivity of potato varieties. The research goal was to develop a scheme for virus elimination in potato using biotechnological methods and to introduce this scheme in the production of virus-free tubers under the conditions of Primorsky krai.
Material and methods. New promising variety Moryak (breeding number Pri-08-11-1), which was created in FSBSI “FSC of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, was used as the research object. The mean yield of the new genotype is 34.1 t/ha, the potential yield is 40.1 t/ha. The dry matter content is 18.13-23.85%, the starch content is 12.10-17.24%, and the content of vitamin C is 17.46-23.12 mg/100 g. This variety has a high keeping quality of tubers (92.2-94.4%) and resistance to excessive soil moisture. Tissue culture and chemotherapy in combination with ribavirin (a concentration of 0.02-0.03%) and chitosan (0.01-0.1%) were used for virus elimination. Sprouts from the original tubers and plantlets were tested by EIA and qPCR for latent infection (PVX, PVY, PVA, PVS, PVM, PLRV).
Results. A sequential increase in the concentration of ribavirin (from 0.02 to 0.03%) and chitosan (from 0.01 to 0.1%) and their alternation in different passages proved to be an effective method for virus elimination in plantlets. As the result of the research, the new scheme for the elimination of the most economically important potato viruses was developed and introduced, and virus-free seed material was obtained.

Significance. Potato products seem to be gaining popularity in Russia, especially potato chips and french fries. The processing of potato into food products reduces storage losses and the amount of transportation needed and allows the nutritional potential of potato to be harnessed fully. However, only a minor part of all produced potato is processed in Primorsky kray by small-scale enterprises. The lack of high quality raw material is the main reason for that. The research aim was to evaluate potato varieties from our collection nursery for the traits that determine potato suitability for the production of potato chips and french fries.
Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental fields of the Department of potato breeding and horticulture, FSBIS “Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaiki”, in 2019-2021. One hundred and eighty potato hybrids of various origin and from different maturity groups were used as the research object. The evaluation was conducted according to the guidelines on the assessment of potato varieties for their suitability for processing and storage with a few additions.
Results. The conditions in 2019 were the most favorable for yield formation in medium-early (32.3 t/ha), mid-season (31.9 t/ha) and medium-late (33.1 t/ha) varieties. Early varieties were observed to have the highest mean yield in 2021 (34.0 t/ha). Biochemical parameters (the dry matter content) and the content of reducing sugars were optimal (22-24 % and less than 0.26 %, respectively) in varieties Vektar, Zhuravinka, Darnitsa, Pamyati Rogacheva, Lady Rosetta, VR 808. The morphological parameters (the shape of tubers, the quantity and depth of potato eyes) of varieties Severnyi, Bryanskii delikates, Danaya, Kurazh, Sante, Dubrava, Nayada made them the most suitable for the production of potato chips. Varieties Kolette, Narka, Innovator, Vdokhnovenie were determined to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. Based on the complex of morphological and biochemical parameters, 29 potato varieties were selected for the production of potato chips and 26 varieties were approved for the production of french fries. The degree of suitability varied from 6.4 to 8 points. Under the conditions of Primorsky kray, varieties Sante, Tanai, Nayada. Alyaska, Krasa Meshchery, Kazachok generate the most interest for the production of potato chips. Varieties Liga, Vesna Belaya, Udacha, Utenok, Charodei, Ocharovanie, Rikarda appear to be the most suitable for processing into french fries. These varieties have a high degree of suitability after harvest and good yield.

Relevance. Interspecific hybridization in the genus Allium L. is the best way to increase biodiversity by introgression of desired traits within the genus. This is valuable for signs such as resistance to diseases and pests, accumulation of important metabolites, obtaining new sources of cytoplasmic male sterility. The creation based on interspecific hybridization of fundamentally new plant forms with unique genetic material makes it possible to expand the selection of genotypes that are valuable in practical terms.
Methods. To characterize the breeding material, the plants of interspecific allium hybrids were evaluated using morphological and phytopathological analyses. The analysis of plants of interspecific hybrids of the genus Allium L. from various inbred offspring from BC1-2 combinations of crossing species A. cepa × A. vavilovii and A. cepa × A. fistulosum by breeding characteristics was carried out. Plants were studied by weight, color, bulb shape, number, height of seed stalks, seed productivity and resistance to downy mildew.
Results. The biodiversity of plants was revealed: by weight, shape, color of the bulb; by resistance to downy mildew of plants of the first year of vegetation and seed plants; by the number, height of seed stalk; by seed productivity. Plants of interspecific allium hybrids formed bulbs weighing up to 120 g, white, yellow, brown and red, elliptical, broadly elliptical, round and transversely elliptical bulb shape. Phytopathological assessment of allium plants of the first year of vegetation and seed plants revealed diversity in inbred offspring with resistance to peronosporosis. In the combination of crossing species A. cepa × A. vavilovii plants of the first year of vegetation had the largest number of resistant plants to downy mildew (up to 66.7%). According to the seed productivity of plants, depending on the combination of crossing, inbreeding generation and backcross, highly fertile plants with increased seed setability (up to 2.0 g /plant) were identified. The conducted studies have demonstrated an increase in the biodiversity of allium plants obtained based on interspecific hybridization, backcrosses and inbreeding.

Relevance. Selection and analysis of the source material for crossing varieties with an individual ability to transmit economically valuable traits to offspring is an important breeding task. Breeders conducted research aimed at obtaining highly productive varieties and hybrids of table watermelon of various ripeness groups, resistant to adverse environmental conditions and having high taste qualities in comparison with standards. When studying the varieties and varietals of table watermelon, samples were selected according to the following characteristics: the growing season, yield, bright color of the pulp, excellent taste, dry matter content.
Materials and methods. Scientific research was carried out in 2019-2020 in the breeding nursery and breeding nursery in the fields of the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station located in the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region. 2 varieties of Malachite, Timosha and 3 cultivars 697, 728, 750 having an advantage in valuable economic characteristics over the best zoned varieties in the middle–ripening group – Sinchevsky, and in the late-ripening group – Kholodok were studied.
Results. Studies have shown that in the middle–ripening group, the new Timosha variety is the most productive (27.3 t/ha), and the variety also stood out with a high dry matter content (13.4 - 14.8%). In the late-maturing group, a variety of 750 (27.5 t/ha) was distinguished by yield. Indicators of dry matter, the percentage of dry matter higher in the cultivar 728 ranged from 13.8 to 14.8%, The tests proved the relevance of further study in the breeding nursery of selected cultivars isolated by a complex of economically valuable traits to create new promising varieties of watermelon. Work in this direction will contribute to an increase in the volume and quality of manufactured products, contribute to the further development of the melon industry.

Relevance. Breeding for resistance to diseases is one of the current trends in melon growing. The work of the Bykovskaya melon selection experimental station includes breeding pumpkin varieties that are not inferior to zoned varieties in terms of economically valuable traits, disease resistance and taste.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was hybrid combinations of large-fruited pumpkin and nutmeg pumpkin, obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. The research was carried out in the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region.
Results As a result of the work carried out, the characteristics of the obtained hybrid combinations of pumpkin were given according to the main economically valuable traits: the duration of the growing season, the average weight of the fruit, the thickness of the pulp, the dry matter content, the yield, as well as the resistance to anthracnose and powdery mildew. An assessment was made in comparison with the standards and parental forms. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the shortest duration of the growing season, 115-117 days, is in combinations of large-fruited pumpkin Paradise - Vi x Graceful, Graceful x Paradise - Vi, Marina di Ch x Dawn. Among the nutmeg pumpkin, all samples along the length of the growing season are at the same level of 119-120 days. Average fruit weight and pulp thickness are inherited intermediately. In terms of yield, among the hybrid combinations of large-fruited pumpkin, samples of Marina di Chioggia x Zorka and Paradise - Vi x Graceful stood out. All hybrid combinations of nutmeg pumpkin exceeded parental forms in terms of yield, their yield ranged from 17.0 to 22.0 t/ha. In terms of resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose, the combinations "Elia x Spaniard" (Uzbekistan) and "Muscat Provence x Vitamin" stood out.
Conclusions. Thus, as a result of hybridization, two new hybrid combinations of large-fruited pumpkin and Muscat pumpkin were obtained, which have a complex of economically valuable traits and resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose.

Carrot is one of the main vegetable crops due to its high yield and long-term preservation during winter storage. In the Amur Region, the vegetable crop zoning is underdeveloped. As a result, the assortment of recognized varieties and hybrids of carrot has long been outdated and is not replenished with new items. As part of the research work of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "BGPU" at its agrobiological station, the specialists perform testing and assessment of various vegetable crops, including carrot. The purpose of the study is to identify high-yielding varieties of garden carrots suitable for cultivating in the agricultural and climatic conditions of the south of the Amur Region. The field trial was performed in accordance with the methods developed by B.A. Dospekhov (1985) and the state variety testing of agricultural crops described in "Vegetable and Cucurbit Crops, Potato, and Fodder Root Crops" (1956). The researchers applied agricultural technology that is commonly used in the region. Fifteen carrot samples of foreign selection were the object of the study. The hybrid F₁ Abaco that had been grown at the agrobiological station for a long time was set as a standard. The vegetative period of the studied varieties under the regional conditions is 92-110 days. Nanco F₁ and Sylvano F₁ showed high yields, producing 41.0 and 47.0 tons of marketable roots per ha, with an average root weight of 110.1 and 120.9 g, respectively. The marketability of harvested root crops was 89.0% for Nanco F₁ and 94.0% for Sylvano F₁. We recommend vegetable growers in the region to establish a cultivation conveyor for garden carrots using the mid-early Presto F₁ hybrid for sale in an early bunch and high-yielding F₁ hybrids Nanco and Sylvano for fall use.

The results of ecological variety testing of table carrot samples in soil and climatic conditions of the south of the Rostov region are presented. The experiments were laid in the period 2020 and 2021 in the fields of the Biryuchekut OSOS branch of the FSBI FNCO in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov region. 12 samples of carrot plants from the first year of life were studied. The most productive samples were Marlinka – 59.7 t/ha Aksinya – 55.3 t/ha and Abaco F1 standard – 51.9 t/ha. The marketability of root crops was higher in the samples of Shantane 2461-82%, Aksinya – 78.9%, Boyar – 74.2% and Primorskaya 22-72.9%. The conducted research makes a great contribution to the process of selecting the source material for the creation of new varieties and hybrids of table carrots. The isolated samples can be recommended for commercial cultivation in the Rostov region and used in breeding work as a starting material.

The results are reflected, which confirm the effectiveness of foliar fertilizing with organic fertilizer Agrohelate for melon plants of early varieties Tamanskaya and Strelchanka. A single treatment of plants in the seed plots in the flowering phase and the beginning of the growth of the first ovary contributed to better pollination. More than half of the fruits with typical varietal characteristics were selected for seed extraction: Tamanskaya varieties – 51.4% and Strelchanka varieties – 51.0%. The mass of fruits in the Tamanskaya variety increased noticeably by 0.16...0.23 kg on average, in the Strelchanka variety – by 0.12...0.42 kg. The data on the increase in the content of dry soluble substances in the pulp of the fruits of the first two harvests of melon variety Strelchanka by 0.8 ... 1.6% are given. In the pulp of Tamanskaya melon fruits, there was a tendency to increase the content of dry soluble substances. Fertilizer Agrochelate had an impact on the seed productivity of melon varieties. In the fruits of the Tamanskaya variety, 122–145 more seeds were ripened, and the number of feeble and unripe seeds was 5.5–7.2% less than in the fruits of the control variant. The number of puny and unripened seeds in the fruits of Strelchanka melon variety was 10% less. In weight terms, on average, 2.6 g more seeds were isolated from each fruit of the Tamanskaya variety than in the variant without treatment. A noticeable increase in the yield of seeds in the variety Strelchanka was not observed. Application of foliar application with organic mineral fertilizer Agrochelate did not affect the mass of seeds. The indicators of sowing qualities of seeds were high in all variants of the experiment: germination energy – from 58.1 to 81.5% and germination - from 90.7 to 97.3%. The analysis of the obtained results substantiates the feasibility of applying top dressing with Agrochelate organic fertilizer.

Coriander is the leading essential oil crop and occupies vast areas, both in our country and abroad, and is be used to produce linalool, with subsequent processing into other aromatic substances. Increasing its yield and quality of raw materials with the help of modern preparations is an urgent problem of essential oil production.
Purpose of the work: increasing the productivity of coriander with combined use of foliar treatments with glycine and auxin-containing preparations for directed control production process in coriander seed.
Material and methods. As objects for studying the effect of the drug, varieties of coriander sowing Yantar and Avangard were chosen. Plants were sown in the first or third decade of April, depending on the conditions of the year, using a SZT-3.6 seeder with row spacing of 15 cm. The seeding rate was 25 kg/ha, the seeding depth was 2 cm. concentration 10 mg/l. Drug concentrations: IAA-glycol phosphate – 25, 50 and 100 mg/l, DvaU - 2 ml/l. Treatment with a solution of IUKGF and DvaU was carried out in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering. The cutting was carried out during the period of browning of seeds on the central umbrella. The content of essential oil was determined according to SP XIV method 1.
Results. As a result of the research, a positive effect of foliar treatments with glycine was revealed, both on the yield and on the content of essential oil in the raw material of coriander seed varieties Yantar and Avangard. Based on the results obtained, the effective concentration of the drug is determined not only by the characteristics of the variety, but also by weather conditions, when, depending on the conditions during the processing period and the previous harvest, different aspects of the drug action appear. The maximum increase in the collection of essential oil of coriander variety Yantar (11.1 kg/ha) was noted during the combined treatment of plants with glycine at a rate of 10 mg/l in the leaf rosette phase and IAA-GF at a rate of 50 mg/l in the budding phase; varieties Avangard (8.6 kg/ha) - with combined treatment of plants with glycine at a rate of 10 mg/l in the leaf rosette phase and DvaU at a rate of 2 ml/l in the budding phase.

Relevance. The interest of vegetable producers in small-fruited tomato hybrids has been increasing in recent years. This is due to the high commercial qualities of fruits that do not crack, contain 3 times more sugars than large-fruited tomatoes, and their range of use for canning and salads has also been expanded.
Goal: to identify effective options for the use of biologically active substances in conditions of extended turnover of winter greenhouses on tomato plantings F₁ Sherami.
Methods. Research was aimed at studying the effect of biologically active substances – sodium selenate at a concentration of 10-5, natural coniferous concentrate (2 mg/l), EpinExtra (0.2 mg/l) and their double and triple combinations on the productivity of cherry tomatoes F₁ Sherami. The treatment of plants was carried out 4 times during the growing season – after picking, when planting seedlings in a permanent place, when pouring the first brush and during the mass harvest.
Results. As a result of research, it was found that the use of the above drugs increases the productivity of tomato plants of the Sherami hybrid. The maximum yield according to the results of 2018 and 2019 was obtained on the variant using sodium Selenate + KHN + Epin-extra and averaged 288.1 t/ha. Also, the use of BAS had an effect on the content of dry matter, sugars and macronutrients.
Conclusion. The effect of preparations of biologically active substances positively affected the growth and development of plants. The variation of the yield increase compared to the control ranged from 5.2 to 17.2 t/ha. The maximum yield of the Sherami hybrid tomato was obtained on the variant using sodium Selenate + KHN + Epin-extra, the increase was 19 t/ha, which made it possible to obtain an appropriate income level of more than 272 thousand rubles/ha.

Relevance. The genus Allium L. attracts the attention of researchers due to the presence of valuable medicinal, nutritional and decorative properties, adaptive capabilities, resistance to pests and diseases, ecological plasticity in its representatives, which contributes to the competitiveness of species and the manifestation of a high degree of adaptation outside natural areas and wide geographical distribution. Allium resources in Russia are a potential source of genes for expanding the genetic base of agricultural crops.
The aim of the work was to establish the yield and change in the quality of green leaves of Allium species introduced into the Moscow region during short-term storage, depending on the type of packaging, storage period and temperature. 4-5-year-old plants of 4 species (A. altyncolicum, A. chyatophorum, A. nutans and A. turkestanicum) were grown on the collection plot of perennial onions of All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the FSBSI FVSC.
Results. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the yield per leaf generation varied from 2.7 kg/m² (A. altyncolicum) to 4.9 kg/m² (A. cyathophorum). The maximum yield of marketable products was noted in hermetically sealed plastic bags when stored for 10 days at a temperature of +6...8oС in a refrigerator with controlled conditions: A. turkestanicum – 70.0%, A. cyathophorum – 75.5%, A. altyncolicum – 84.9%, A. nutans – 92.9%. However, an increase in the dry matter content (10.1-15.5%) was found during storage in an open polymer box in all tested species. The maximum content of vitamin C during storage in hermetically sealed bags with a density of 100 μm was found in A. altyncolicum (37.1 mg%) and A. nutans (42 mg%). In other species, the maximum value of this indicator was noted before storage. A slight increase in the amount of sugars after storage for 10 days was noted in species with a linear leaf shape when stored in a polymer box.

The 28-spotted potato ladybird beetle is an endemicspecies of the Russian Far East. Nowadays the potato ladybird beetle is widespread across Primorsky and Khabarovsky kray, south Sakhalin, Kunashir Island, and in China, Japan, and India. This paper presents historical data on the dispersal of the potato ladybird beetle in Russia. The first records of the pest presence in the coastal area of Primorsky kray were made in 1929. In the 1950s and 1960s, the pest was observed to inhabit not only the forest steppe zone and the districts adjacent to the taiga in Primorsky kray, but also Khabarovsky kray, Amur oblast and Jewish autonomous oblast. The process of dispersal of the potato ladybird beetle can be divided in several stages: the formation of a new breeding ground, an increase in the size of the pest population, the dispersal of the pest. The range expansion of the potato ladybird beetle can be linked to two facts. First, the land area under potato cultivation increased and neared the breeding grounds of the pest. Secondly, thedietary preference of the phytophagous insect shifted to the new fodder plant. In addition, the development of transportation routes played an important role in the dispersal of the pest. Therefore, anthropogenic factors significantly affected the distribution of the potato ladybird beetle. These factors in combination with a high ecological plasticity of the pest allowed the phytophagous insect to spread across the whole area under potato cultivation in the south of the Russian Far East.