The summary report of research investigations of the institutes of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Science, the Russian Academy of Science, and the Institutions of Higher Education in 2013 on the project «Development of new varieties and high-precision sustainable zonal technologies of vegetable and cucurbits crops growing with the use of new varieties and hybrids, high'quality seeds, advanced approaches of agro-techniques, plant protection, and mechanical equipments» is represented.

The main directions and new achievements of the research investigations on vegetable breeding and seed production carried on the All'Russian Research Institute of vegetable breedingand seed production are shown.

On 24-25 of September, 2013, the International Research and Practice Conference of Cole Crops was held in the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production, in terms of which the meeting of the research and methodologycal commission and open field day have been conducted.

In Solanaceae crops the spontaneous mutagenesis caused by mobile genetic elements referred by authors to the class of the transposones of germ cells (ТGC) was found. Mutagenic activity of TGC was sown on the examples of monogenic point mutations of the gene of color tomato fruits epidermis: y + _y _y +.

The transposition of TGS in chromosome «switches on – switches off» the y-gene changing its allele status. Detected in Solanaceae crops TGC is differed from founded out earlier controlling elements causing only chimeric somatic spotting.

Application of the TGS-mutants can accelerate the breeding process. Using the spontaneous mutagenesis allowed to develop six varieties.

The irreciprocal self'incompatibility at site'specific hybridization of Capsicum annuum L. and its morphological features in the varieties of sweet pepper Belosnezhka and Karlik during pollination by other samples is described.

The influence of high temperature treatment of the seeds of vegetable Umbelliferae crops was studied. Features of seed germination and embryo development depending on incubation time were revealed. High-temperature treatment of seeds during 5 and 20 days inhibits the embryo development and seed germination.

The fertilizer dressing acts to raise the yield of mother onion bulbs and seeds. The different doses of mineral fertilizers influence on storage, biochemical content of mother onion bulbs and seed productivity in different ways.

The experiment was conducted in the Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv during the period 2008-2009. Four garden pea varieties were grown in the conditions of organic and conventional production. The purpose of the experiment was to study the quantitative characters of seeds obtained in organic production. It was established that the organic garden pea seeds differ with lower absolute weight compared to the seeds obtained in conventional system but they kept high germination (89,5-96,5) close to the control variant. The late variety Vyatovo grown with organic fertilizers and biopesticides are with the lowest percentage of injuries by Bruchus pisi l.

On 2-4th of September, 2013 the International «XV EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant» was held in Torino (Italy). The problems of utilization of genetic resources, evaluation and release of breeding material were discussed. Achievements in the field of molecular genetics and biotechnology of pepper and eggplant are presented.

Reproductive biology of cultivated and wild plants determines the reproductive state of plants, the main basis of which is donor'acceptor system. Mechanisms of endogenic regulation of function of different organs are discussed.

The anthocyan pigments content such biologically active components as vitamins, glycosides, organic acids, aromatic substances, microelements, etc. The anthocyan pigment harvested from cranberry fruits by dehy' drofreezing was studied. The features and changing during storage of cranberry fruits are shown.

The most abundant weed plants in fields of carrot are represented. There are annual, perennial, cereal, and dicot plants. The modern herbicides certified in Russia are classified depending on the group of weeds. The rules of application of herbicides are presented.

The leaf-area duration and photosynthetic yield in early-maturing tomato varieties were studied in terms of planting system and degree of density of plants.

The results of study of the variety structure of sugar corn in the Left-bank Forest'steppe of Ukraine are presented in the article. In the group of early-maturing varieties, the hybrid Spirit was found to be the most productive (5,4 t/hectare) and profitable (113,0 %) with energy efficiency ratio 2,9. The mild'ripening hybrids Bold F1 and Bonus F1 showed the productivity – 4,8-5,7 t/hectare, the profitability – 101,8-124,9 %, and the energy efficiency ratio – 2,60-3,06, respectively.