ESSENTIAL MICRONUTRIENTS – COMPONENTS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN SOME SPECIES ALLIUM

One of the urgent tasks at the present time is to obtain and widely use functional foods that have antioxidant  and anticarcinogenic effects, which serve not only to meet human needs  in   proteins,  fats,  carbohydrates, micro  -   and macronutrients,  but also contribute to the immune system, improve the heart and other human organs. For food plants, rich in antioxidant protection components, include perennial onions, from the variety of wild species which are in demand by modern medicine are only very few. The Republic of Komi is classified as the most uncomfortable  territories for human habitation.  In the flora of the Komi Republic there are three types of perennial bows – Allium angulosum  L., A. schoenoprasum L. and A. strictum Schrad.   The collection of the Botanical garden of the Institute of biology, Komi scientific center includes more than 150 species. Comparison of the chemical composition of  four  types  of  onions  from  the Botanical gardens of the Komi scientific center and Moscow state University (MSU) showed that  the  total  content  of flavonoids in  onions, Komi scientific center of  the  BS  is much higher, and the content of selenium is lower than in the same types of BS, Moscow state University. In samples of onions sticking out in the Republic of Tuva, the Republic of Buryatia,  in the Altai Mountains, the Se content is also much higher than in regional species. The soils of the Komi Republic are  depleted  Se,  however, as  shown  by  our research, wild and cultivated species of the genus Allium, are batteries of this trace element. According to our calculations, the use of 100 g of fresh herbs of chives may meet up to 60% of the daily needs of the human body in ascorbic acid, up to 94% manganese, 20% copper, 12% zinc.

1. Atlas of Soils of the Komi Republic / Ed. G.V. Dobrovolskogo, A.I. Taskaeva, I.V. Zaboyeva. Syktyvkar. 2010. 356 p.

2. Baraboy V.A. The biological effect of plant phenolic compounds. Kiev: Naukova Dumka. 1976. 260 p.

3. Baraboy V.A. Antioxidants and health // Valeology: diagnostics, means and practice of ensuring health: Trudy St. Petersburg: Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of Health Formation. 1993. Vol. 1. P.107-115.

4. Bezmaternykh K.V., Shirshova T.I., Beshley I.V., Matistov N.V., Smirnova G.V., Oktyabrsky O.N., Volodin V.V. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts of some plant species of the genera Allium L. and Rubus L., growing in the Komi Republic // Chem.-pharm. Journals. 2014. T.48. №2. P.36-40.

5. Bityutsky N.P. Trace elements of higher plants. SPb.: Publishing house of S.-Petersburg. 2011. 368 p.

6. Boyko E.R. Physiological and biochemical basis of human activity in the north. Yekaterinburg. 2005. 190 p.

7. Burlakova E.B. Molecular mechanisms of action of antioxidants in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases // Cardiology. 1980. T.20. №8. P.48-52.

8. Volkova G.A. Biomorphological features of species of the genus Allium L. when introduced to the European Northeast. Syktyvkar. 2007. 200 p.

9. Vysochina G.I., Dneprovsky Yu.M. Content and dynamics of accumulation of flavonol glycosides in the leaves of rhizomatous onions /Rational use of plant resources of Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata: Science of the Kazakh SSR. 1986. P.283-284.

10. Gichev Yu.Yu., Gichev Yu.P. New guide to micronutriology. Moscow. 2009. P.89.

11. Golubev V.F., Golubkina N.A., Gorbunov Yu.N. The mineral composition of wild onions and their nutritional value // Applied biochemistry and microbiology. 2003. T.39. №5. P.602-606.

12. Golubkina N.A., Papazyan T.T. Selenium in the diet. Plants, animals, man. M.: Pechatny gorod. 2006. 254 p.

13. Golubkina N.A., Sirota S.M., Pivovarov P.F., Yashin A.Ya., Yashin Ya.I. Biologically active compounds of vegetables. M.: VNIISSOK. 2010. 200 p.

14. Golubkina N.A., Agafonov A.F., Dudchenko N.S. The trace element composition of perennial onions // Gavrish. 2009. №5. P.18-21.

15. State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. M.: Medicine. 1990. 704 p.

16. Deineko G.I. Lipids, fatty acids and carbohydrates of Allium L. species // Rastitelnie Resources. 1985. T.21. Issue 2. P.221-229.

17. Zainullin V.G., Bodnar I.S., Kondratenok B.M. Features of the accumulation of chemical elements in the hair of the child population of the Komi Republic. // Proceedings of the Komi Science Center. RAS. 2014. Vol.2 (18). P.24-31.

18. Kodentsova V.M., Vrzhesinskaya O.A. Use of food products enriched with iron and vitamins for the correction of iron deficiency states // Nutrition Issues. 2002. №4. P.39-43.

19. Red Book of the Republic of Komi. Syktyvkar. 2009. 791 p.

20. Mazo V.K., Gmoshinsky I.V., Shirina L.I. New food sources of essential trace elements-antioxidants. M.: Miklos. 2009. 207 p.

21. Methodical instructions. Methods for measuring the mass fraction of acid-soluble forms of metals (copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium) in soil samples by atomic absorption analysis. M., 1990. (USSR State Committee on Hydrometeorology, RD 52.18.191-89).

22. Parshukova, OI, Potolitsyna, N.N., Boyko, E.R. Selenium and thyroid status in humans in the European North. In the book. Adaptation of a person to the ecological and social conditions of the North. Syktyvkar-Ekaterinburg. 2012. Ch.4. P.243.

23. Plavinsky S.L., Plavinskaya S.I. The role of antioxidants in the treatment and prevention of human diseases // Medicine. 2013. №1. P.41-54.

24. Selyutina I.Yu. Biologically active substances of species of the genus Allium L. (Alliaceae) // Siberian Botanical Journal. Electronic journal. 2007. Vol.2. Issue 2. P.79-86.

25. Flavonoids: biochemistry, biophysics, medicine / Tarakhovsky Yu.S., Kim Yu.A., Abdrasilov BS, Muzafarov Ye.N., Ed. E.I. Mayevsky. Pushchino: Synchrobook. 2013. 310 p.

26. Cheremushkina V.A., Dneprovsky Yu.M., Grankina V.P., Sudobina V.P. Rhizome bows of northern Asia. Novosibirsk: Science. 1992. 159 p.

27. Chupakhina G.N. The system of ascorbic acid plants. Kaliningrad: 1977. 120 p.

28. Shirshova T.I., Volkova G.A. The content of steroid glycosides and neutral lipids in some species of the genus Allium (Alliaceae). // Plant resources. 2006. T.42. Issue 3. P.59-66.

29. Shirshova T.I., Beshley I.V. The content of macro- and micronutrients in A. schoenoprasum L. (Alliaceae) // Plant resources. 2009. T.45. Issue 2. P.97-105.

30. Shirshova T.I., Beshley I.V., Matistov N.V. Macro- and microelement composition of wild-growing and introduced

31. Allium schoenoprasum (Alliaceae) plants in the Komi Republic. // Plant resources. 2011a. T.47. Issue 3. P.111-122.

32. Shirshova T.I., Beshley I.V., Matistov N.V., Golubkina N.A. Selenium content in cultivated and wild onions from the flora of the Komi Republic. // Plant resources. 2011b. T.47. Issue 1. P.112-118.

33. Shirshova T.I., Golubkina N.A., Beshley I.V., Matistov N.V. Selenodeficiency and the possibility of its reduction. Accumulating properties of some representatives of the genus Allium L. in relation to selenium. // Proceedings of the Komi Scientific Center of RAS. 2016. №3 (7). P.48-54.

34. Shirshova T.I., Beshley I.V., Deryagina V.P., Ryzhova N.I. Component composition of steroid glycosides isolated from Allium schoenoprasum L. seed heads, and evaluation of their effect on the growth of transplantable tumors in mice // Chem.-pharm. journal. 2014. T.48. №5. P.28-31.

35. Alfthan G.V. A micromethod for the determination of selenium in tissues and biological fluids by single-test-tube fluorimetry // Anal. Chim. Acta. – 1984. – Vol. 165. – P.187-194.

36. Buettner G. R., A new paradigm: manganese superoxide dismutase influences the production of H2O2 in cell and thereby their biological state // Free Radical Biology and medicine. - 2006. – Vol.41. – С.1338-1350.

37. Gajula D., Verghese M.et al. Determination of total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant and chemopreventive potential of basil //Int.J.Cancer Res. – 2009. – Vol.5. – P.130-143.

38. Galeone C., Pelucchi C., Dal Maso L. et al. Allium vegetables intake and endometrial cancer risk // Public Health Nutr. – 2009. – Vol.12. – N.9. – P.1576-1579.

39. Hanelt P., Fritsch R. Notes on some infragenetic taxa in Allium L.// Kew Bulletin. – 1994. Vol.49. – N3. – P. 559-564.

40. Hertog M.G.L., Hollman P.C.H., Katan M.B. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of 28 vegetables and 9 fruits commonly consumed in the Netherlands.// J. Agric. Food Chem. – 1992a. – Vol.41. – Р.2379-2383.

41. Hertog M.G.L., Hollman P.C.H., Venema D.P. Optimization of quantitative HPLC determination of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids in fruits and vegetables. //J. Agric. Food Chem. – 1992b. – Vol.40. – Р.1591-1598.

42. Hertog M.G.L., Fesens E.J.M., Hollman P.C.H., Katan M.B., Kromhout D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and the risk of coronary heart disease: The Zutphen elderly study. // Lancet. – 1993a. – Vol.342. – Р.1007-1011

43. Hertog M.G.L., Hollman P.C.H., van de Putte B. Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines and fruit juices. //J. Agric Food Chem. – 1993b. – Vol.41. – Р.1242-1246.

44. Laszlo M. Manganese requirement of sunflower, tobacco and triticale at early stage of growth // European Journal of Agronomy. – 2008. – Vol.28. – P.586-596.

45. Lazarevic K., Nagorni A., Rancic N. et al. Dietary factors and gastric cancer risk: hospital-based case control study // J. Buon. – 2010. – Vol.15. – N.1. – P.89-93.

46. Moskalev A.A., Shaposhnikov M.V., Plyusnina E.N., Zhavoronkov A., Budovsky A., Yanai H., Fraifeld V.E. The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria // Ageing Research Reviews. – 2013. – Vol.12. – N2. – С.661-684.

47. Mukhopadhyay M. J., Sharma A., Manganese in cell metabolism of higher plants // Botanic. Rev. 1991. – Vol.57. – P.117-149.

48. Ness A.R., Chee D., Elliott P. Vitamin С and blood pressure - an overview // J. Hum Hypertens. – 1997. – Vol.11. – N6. – P.343-350.

49. Ness A., Egger M., Davey Smith G. Role of ntioxidant vitamins in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. BMJ 1999. – Vol.319. – P.577.

50. Noctor G., Foyer C.H. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control // Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. – 1998. – Vol.49. – P.249-279.

51. Ross J.A, Kasum C.M. Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety // Annu Rev Nutr. – 2002. – Vol.22. – P.19-34.

52. Skrzypezakowa L. Flawonoidy w rodzine Liliaceae // Dissertationes Pharmaceuticae et Pharmacologicae. – 1967. – V.19. – N5. – P.537-541.

53. Stearn W.G. Haw many species of Allium are known? // The Kew bot. Magazine. – 1992. – Vol.9. – P.180-182.

54. Љteiner D., Čanadanović-Brunet J. and Pavlović A. Allium schoenoprasum L., as a natural antioxidant. Phytother. res., 2004. – Vol.18. – P.522-524.

55. Љteiner D., Popović B.M., Čalic-Dragosavać D., Malenčić D., and Zdravcović-Korać S. Comparative study on Allium schoenoprasum L. cultivated plant and Allium schoenoprasum tissue culture organs antioxidant status. Phytother. Res. – 2011. – Vol.25. – P.1618-1622.

56. Tache S., Ladam A., Corpet D.E. Chemoprevention of abberant crypt foci in the colon of rats by dietary onion // Eur. J. Cancer. – 2007. – Vol.43. – N.2. – P.454-458.

57. Timitй G., Mitaine-Offer A.-C., Miyamoto T., Tanaka C., Mirjolet J.-F., Duchamp O., Lacaille-Dubois M.-A. Structure and cytotoxicity of steroidal glycosides from Allium schoenoprasum // Phytochem. – 2013. – Vol.88. – P.61-66.

58. Viry E., A. Anwar, Kirsch G. et al. Antiproliferative effect of natural tetrasulfides in human breast cancer cells is mediated through the inhibition of the cell division cycle 25 phosphatases // Int. J. Oncol. – 2011. – Vol.38. – N.4. – P.1103-1111.