SMALL RADISH FOR LIGHT CULTURE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Intense light culture, the most impotent part of a regulated agroecosystem, makes it possible to produce high quality plant products all year round in any region of the world in close proximity to the consumer. It is most economically viable to use light culture for growing vegetables in the Far North, where there is an acute shortage of fresh vegetables and vitamins. Our studies of the range of different vegetable crops have shown that when using artificial lighting and low-volume cultivation technologies, many plant species and varieties have low productivity, low adaptability to the relevant conditions, and therefore unprofitable for mass production. To expand the range of vegetable products intended for cultivation in the light culture, it is necessary to do a massive screening of the varieties and hybrids of various crops available in the world assortment with the aim of selecting the best and also purposeful breeding of new forms and varieties maximally adapted to the appropriate cultivation technologies. The purpose of this work was to create new forms of small radish for light culture, having the necessary complex of economically valuable characters. The use of the previously developed methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits allowed us to obtain new promising forms of radish with using purposeful hybridization and subsequent stabilizing selection. Their characteristics are high productivity and early maturity (ripeness to harvesting for 21-25 days from seeding), the ability to produce marketable yield of roots in a small volume of root medium, resistance to bolting at higher temperatures. A number of the obtained forms also has a compact rosette of leaves and an almost glabrous leaf of the salad type. Marketable productivity of new forms of radish in intense light culture conditions reaches 5,5 kg/m² (for hybrids F₁) and 4 kg/m² for stable lines, which is twice or more than the productivity of the parental cultivars and one and a half times more than the best in productivity cultivars that were tasted in light culture.

1. Panova G.G., Chernousov I.N., Udalova O.R. et al. Scientific basis of all-theyear-round obtaining high yields of plant production with high-quality under artificial light // Reports of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 2015. № 4. P.17-21.

2. Dragavtsev V.A., Litun P.P., Shkel N.M. et al. Model of ecological and genetic control ofquantitative plant characteristics. // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1984. Vol.274.№. 3.P.720-723.

3. Khovrin A.N., Yanaeva D.A., Domblides E.A. Creation of linear material for heterosis breeding of radish suitable for cultivation in greenhouses // Potato and vegetables. 2017. №1. Р.35-38.

4. Sinyavina N.G., Kochetov A.A., Mirskaya G.V. et al. Study of the raphanus sativus l. (small radish) biodiversity under conditions of intensive light-culture and identification of donors of economically valuable characters for breeding // Vegetable crops of Russia. 2018. №3. P.56-69.

5. Kochetov A.A., Sinyavina N.G. The strategy of creating highly productive forms of radish, adapted for cultivation under artificial light conditions // Russian agricultural sciences. 2019. №1. Р. 26-30.

6. Guidelines for the study and maintenance of the world collection of root vegetables. L. 1989. 88 p.

7. MU 5048-89. Guidelines for the determination of nitrates and nitrites in crop production. M.: TsINAO, 1989. 52 p.

8. Methods of biochemical studies of plants / Ed. A.I. Ermakova. L .: Agropromizdat, 1987. 430 p.

9. Guideline of methods of analyzing the quality and safety of food products / Ed. V.A. Tutelyana, I.M. Skurikhina. M.: Brandes-Medicine, 1998. 342 p.

10. State register of breeding achievements allowed to use. Moscow, March 5, 2018 / Official site of the FBNU "State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Preservation of Selection Achievements" (FGBU "Gossorgkomissiya") http://reestr.gossort.com

11. Goyeneche R., Roura S., Ponce A. et al. Chemical characterization and antioxidant capacity of red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and roots // J. of Functional Foods, 2015, V. 16, pp. 256-264.

12. Koley T.K., Khan Z., Ouklar D. et al. High resolution LC-MS characterization of phenolic compounds and the evaluation of antioxidant properties of a tropical purple radish genotype // Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017.11.007.

13. Makarova, G.A., Mirskaya, G.V., Kochetov, A.A. et al. Methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits. Methodical recommendations, St. Petersburg, 2009. 48 p.

14. Fedorova M.I., Zayachkovskaya T.V. Radish cultivars bred at VNIISSOK and their use // Vegetable crops of Russia. 2016. №3. P.54-61.

15. Chernysheva N.N., Kashnova E.V., Tulina A.O. Economic and biological assessment of radish breeding cultivars in Western Siberia // Agrarian science - agriculture. Digest of articles in 3 books. Barnaul, 2016 T.2. P.262-264.