ACCELERATION OF THE BREEDING PROCESS TO CREATE A LINEAR MATERIAL OF RED BEET

The traditional production of linear material  and hybrids in the selection of red beet is a time-consuming,  long-term process due to the two -  year cycle of plant development, self-and cross-incompatibility,  inbred depression. Significantly  reduce the life cycle of the plant allows the vernalization  at different stages  of  development, including during  the  "steckling". Cultivation  of plants with the use of steckling culture in the selection of red beet has not yet found wide application and has not been studied enough, in this regard, in 2009-2018 on the basis of the Federal  State Budgetary  Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. The material of the study was inbred offspring I_1-5, which were studied in several series of independent  experiments using different schemes of growing stecklings and roots (one-year and biennial  cycles).  It is shown that the use of culture of steckling and protected ground for breeding schemes to create lines of red beet is advisable, as it accelerates the  process of  evaluating the  heterogeneity of inbred progenies for earliness, index, root, the manifestation of cytoplasmic  sterility, and also allows you to get a wider range of different  inbred forms due to the high variability  in the offspring. The probability of a valuable fully-sterile ms-forms  higher in the group of early maturing plants with a large mass stecklings and promising self-compatibility  mf-lines - among small fractions of mid and late inbred offspring. The continuous use of steckling culture should be recommended only for the preliminary evaluation  of breeding  material on sign of cytoplasmic sterility, followed by the reproduction of selected promising inbred offspring in the open field ("halves method"),  and at later stages of  the breeding process as a  rapid assessment of crossing combinations on sign of cytoplasmic sterility when checking mf-forms on the fixing ability. The alternation  of the culture of stecklings with the traditional biennial cycle of culture in conjunction with the techniques of recurrent selection and use of different backgrounds  (field, greenhouse),  can improve the performance of the selection and get aligned according to the main economic-important  signs of promising inbred offspring in a shorter period of time.

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