HOUTTUYNIA (HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA THUNB.) – NEW VEGETABLE AND MEDICINAL CROP FOR RUSSIA (MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION)

Taking into account the importance of Hauttuynia cordata as a vegetable and medicinal plant in the South-East Asia, and the possibility of its cultivation in a temperate climate, the morphological and biochemical features of the plants belonging to ‘common’ and ‘variegated’ forms were studied in conditions of a greenhouse. We used a peat as a sub-strate for growing plants. The content of macroand microelements in rhizomes and leaves was estimated with use of the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF). During three months of cultivation, the total phytomass of ‘common form’ increased from 4.7 ± 0.84 g to 30.3 ± 8.00 g, i.е. in 6.4 times, while in rhizomes it reached 51-56% out of the total phytomass. The size of the leaves of ‘variegated form’ was 15 29% less, as com-pared with the ‘usual form’. The height of the plants was 25.9 ± 0.98 cm in the ‘usual’ and 29.0 ± 0.62 cm in the ‘variegated’ form, the length and width of the leaf blade were 6.6 ± 0.26 x 5.9 ± 0.25 and 4.70 ± 5.00 x 4.90 ± 5.50 cm, respectively. Plants of the ‘common’ form formed api-cal, elongated, dense, ctenopod spine inflorescence with flowers lacking perianth, with three stamens and 3-4 fused carpal forms forming syncarpous gynoecium. ‘Variegated’ form did not form any inflorescences. H.cordata leaves con-tain 35, 6 mg% ascorbic acid, rhizomes ‒ 14.2 mg%. Leaves of H.cordata mainly accumulated Mn, Fe and Cu, and the roots ‒ Fe, Co, Cu and Zn. It is necessary to carry out the further study on new promising functional food.

Houttuynia cordata, morphological features, biochemical features, synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF), macro and microelements

1. Chen J., Weng W. Medicinal food: the Chinese perspective // J.Med.Food. 2009. V.1, N2. P.117-122. doi:10.1089/jmf.1998.1.117.

2. Wei L., Wu X.-J. Genetic variation and population differentiation in a medical herb Houttuynia cor-data in China revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs) // Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 8159-8170.

3. Fu J., Dai L., Lin Z., Lu H. Houttuynia cordata Thunb: a review of phytochemistry and pharmacolo-gy and quality control // Chinese Medicine. 2013. V.4. P.101-123.

4. Handa S. S., Rakesh D. D., Vasisht K. Compendium of medicinal and aromatic plants. Trieste, Italy: ICS-UNIDO. 2006. Vol. II. 296 p.

5. Useful plants of Japan (described and illustrated). Vol 1. Agricultural Society of Japan, Tameike I., Akasaka, Tokyo.1895. P.119.

6. Weckerle C.S., Huber F.K., Yongping Y. et al. Plant knowledge of the Shuhi in the Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China // Economic Botany. 2006. V.60, N1. P.3–23

7. Ju Y, Zhuo J, Liu B, Long C. Eating from the wild: diversity of wild edible plants used by Tibetans in Shangri-la region, Yunnan, China // Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2013;9:28. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-9-28.

8. Zeven A.C., Wet J.M.J. Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity: excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants. Wageningen, Holland: Pudoc. 1982. P.63

9. Tshering K., Thapa L., Matsushima K. et al. Edible wild plants of Bhutan and their contribution to food and nutrition security// In: Promotion of underutilized indigenous food resources for food secu-rity and nutrition in Asia and the Pacific/ Edited by P.Durst, N.Bayasgalanbat: FAO Edition, Bangkok. 2014. P.60-69.

10. Okada H. Karyomorphology and relationships in some genera of Saururaceae and Piperaceae // Bot. Mag. Tokyo. 1986. V.99. P.289–299.

11. Oginuma K., Hisako S., Yoshiko K. et al. Intraspecific polyploidy of Houttuynia cordata and evolu-tion of chromosome number in the Saururaceae // Chromosome Botany. 2007. V. 2, N 3. P 87-91.

12. Kumar M., Prasad S.K., Laloo D., Joshi A., Hemalatha S. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.: a potent medicinal herb of North–Eastern India and China // Phcog J. 2014.V.6, N1. P.34-42.

13. Tucker S.C. Inflorecsence and floral development in Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) // Amer.J.Bot. 1981. V.68. P. 1017-1032.

14. Xia N., Brach A.R. Flora of China (Saururaceae). St. Lois: Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 1999. V.4. P.108–109.

15. Lu L., Wortley A.H., Li D.-Z., Wang H., Blackmore S. Evolution of angiosperm pollen. 2. Basal angiosperms // Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2015. V.100. P.227–269.

16. Takahashi M. Microsporogenesis in a parthenogenetic species, Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae) // Botanical Gazette . 1986. V.147, N1. P.47-54

17. Asakawa Y., Tomiyama K., Sakurai K., Kawakami Y., Yaguchi Y. Volatile compounds from the dif-ferent organs of Houttuynia cordata and Litsea cubeba (L. citriodora) // J. Oleo Sci. 2017. P.1-7. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess17049.

18. Rathi R.S., Roy S., Misra A.K., Singh S.K. Ethnobotanical notes on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. in North-eastern region of India // Ind. J. Nat. Prod. Res. 2013. V.4, N4. P. 432-435.

19. Sekita Y., Murakami K., Yumoto H., Amoh T., Fujiwara N., Ogata S., Matsuo T., Miyake Y., Kashiwada Y. Preventive effects of Houttuynia cordata extract for oral infectious diseases // BioMed Research International. Volume 2016. ID 2581876, 8pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ 2016/2581876.

20. Kapoor R., Sharma B., Kanwar S.S. Antiviral phytochemicals: an overview // Biochem. Physiol. 2017. V.6, N2. 7 pages; doi: 10.4172/2168-9652.1000220.

21. Poolsil P., Promprom W., Chusri Talubmook C. Antihyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of extract from Houttuynia cordata Thumb. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats // Pharmacogn J. 2017. V.9, N3. P.382-387.

22. Chang N., Luo Z., Li D., Song H. Indigenous uses and pharmacological activity of traditional medicinal plants in Mount Taibai, China // Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.V.2017. Article ID 8329817. 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8329817.

23. Koyama T. New botanical materials with antiandrogenic activity/ In: Prostate Cancer Original Scientific Reports and Case Studies/ Ed.: Spiess P.E. InTech. 2011. P.193-206.

24. Jeyaprakash K., Lego Y.J., Payum T., Rathinavel S., Jayakumar K. Diversity of medicinal plants used by Adi community in and around area of D’ Ering Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India // World Scientific News. 2017. V.65. P.135-159.

25. Bailung B., Puzari M. Traditional use of plants by the Ahoms in human health management in upper Assam, India // Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 2016. V.4, N2. P.48-51.

26. Hurrell J.A., Puentes J.P. Plant species and products of the traditional Chinese phytotherapy in the Ciudad Autуnoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina // Ethnobiology and Conservation. 2017. V.6, N1. P.143

27. Patra S., Nithya S., Srinithya B., Meenakshi S.M. Review of medicinal plants for anti-obesity activity // Translational Biomedicine. 2015. V. 6, N3. P.1-22.

28. Doi K.; Mitoma C.; Nakahara T. et al. Antioxidant Houttuynia cordata extract upregulates filaggrin expression in an aryl hydrocarbon-dependent manner // Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2014. V. 105. P. 205–213.

29. Oldham P, Barnes C., Hall S. A review of UK patent activity for genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. 2013. http://www.ip-watch.org/weblog/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/UK_IPGR_Full_Report_2013.pdf

30. Wigraiboon S., Nakao P Nomura N.P., Whangchai N. Effect of essential oils from Houttuynia cordata Thunb supplemented diets on growth performance and immune response of Hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Linn. Ч Oreochromis niloticus Linn.)// International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2016. V.4, N3. P.677-684.

31. Dubovik D.V. Rol' ehrgaziofitov v formirovanii flory Belarusi // Sb. st. 11-j Mezhd. nauch.-prakt.konf. «Aktual'nye problemy izucheniya i sohraneniya fitoi mikobioty», 12-14 noyabrya 2013 g., Minsk: Izd.centr BGU. 2013. S.24-27.

32. Ermakov A.I., Arasimovich V.V., YArosh N.P. i dr. Metody biohimicheskogo issledovaniya rastenij. L.: Kolos. 1987. 430 s.

33. Lakin G.F. Biometriya. M: Vysshaya shkola. 1990. 352 s.

34. Liu C., Zhao Y., Li X., Jia J., Chen Y., Hua Z. Antioxidant capacities and main reducing substance contents in 110 fruits and vegetables eaten in China // Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2014. V.5. P. 293-307.

35. Kruglov D.S. Individual'naya izmenchivost' ehlementnogo sostava nadzemnoj chasti Pulmonaria mollis Hornem. // Himiya rastitel'nogo syr'ya. 2010. №1. S. 131–136.

36. Zhi-xi G. Content determina-tion of microelements and heavy metal in Houttuynia cordata by dry ashing atomic absorption spec-trometry //Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences. 2009. N16. P. 7322-7323

37. Corlett J.L., Clegg M.S., Keen C.L., Grivetti L.E. Mineral content of culinary and medicinal plants cultivated by Hmong refugees living in Sacramento, California // International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2002. V.53, N2. P.117-128.