Ecologically optimized system for protecting beans from the pests in the Central Black Earth Region of Russia

Relevance. A pest control system for bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays an important role in the cultivation of this valuable crop. Currently, there are no insecticides for use on bean crops on the List of Approved Substances, so research aimed at studying bean pest control is essen­tial. Naturally occurring insecticides (biopesticides) and environmentally safe products that do not have a significant negative impact on the environment are particularly important.

Materials and Methodology. This article presents the results of testing the insecticides Fitoverm (50 g/L aversectin S), Vertimek (18 g/L abamectin), Triumfator (50 ml/L emamectin benzoate), and Sarmat (100 g/L spirotetramate) against bean pests. The research was conduct­ed at the Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station, a branch of the Scientific Vegetable Center. The experiments were conducted using standard methods on the Zhuravushka bean variety, bred by the Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station, zoned for the Central Black Earth Region. Plants were treated with bioinsecticides by spraying when the pest reached the eco­nomic threshold (ETH). The experiments were repeated four times. The plot size was 10 m².

Results. The most common pests of green beans during the study years were Aphis fabae and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Bioinsecticide treatment significantly reduced pest numbers com­pared to the control. The use of the bioinsecticide Triumfator (50 ml/l) during the growing sea­son ensured a decrease in the number of aphids on green beans by 92.6, 98.4 and 86.0% according to the daily counts, the use of Vertimek by 100, 100 and 82.6%, the use of Sarmat by 94.4, 100 and 91.9%, the use of Fitoverm Extra (50 g/l) 94.4, 100, 84.9% of the control. The results of the count of the infestation of grain with bean weevil after a single treatment with bio­logical products showed a decrease in the pest number by 58.9-66.1%, in the standard 46.4%. To completely eradicate the pests and prevent damage to bean seeds, repeat treatments are necessary. The use of Vertimek (18 g/L), Sarmat (100 g/L), and Triumfator (50 ml/L) bioprepara­tions increased bean yield by 14.08-14.3% and bean grain yield by 16.0-22.0% compared to the control. The data obtained will be used to develop an environmentally friendly pesticide port­folio for bean pest control.

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