Влияние аминокислот на продуктивность и содержание фенольных соединений в листьях цикория обыкновенного

Актуальность. Применение биостимуляторов на основе различных соединений находит все более широкое применение в сельском хозяйстве в связи с необходимостью увеличения урожайности растений при нестабильных климатических условиях. Экзогенная обработка аминокислотами вегетирующих растений различных сельскохозяйственных культур позволила увеличить продуктивность, содержание биологически активных соединений, а также повысить их устойчивость при воздействии абиотических стрессов. Цикорий обыкновенный является перспективным видом лекарственного растительного сырья для получения фармацевтических субстанций с высоким содержанием цикориевой кислоты. Благодаря содержанию в листьях различных классов фенольных соединений, извлечения из надземной части цикория обладают иммуномодулирующим и гепатопротекторным действием.

Методика. В данной работе проведена оценка действия некорневой обработки однокомпонентными растворами фенилаланина, тирозина и триптофана в двух концентрациях (10 мг/л и 25 мг/л) на продуктивность растений и содержание фенольных соединений в листьях цикория обыкновенного.

Результаты. Наиболее эффективны обработки аминокислотами в концентрации 10 мг/л. Применение триптофана позволило повысить продуктивность надземной части 29-57% в зависимости от концентрации (с 112 г до 144-176 г). Обработка всеми аминокислотами способствовала увеличению содержания фенольных соединений: фенилаланином – с 4,84% до 5,49%, тирозином – до 7,25%, триптофаном – до 6,23%. На массу корнеплодов обработка аминокислотами значимого влияния не оказала. Отмечено, что при благоприятных для развития растений метеорологических условиях применение аминокислот более эффективно, однако при неблагоприятных условиях значимого снижения показателей растений не происходит. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования аминокислот как элемента технологии выращивания для повышения продуктивности растений и содержания в них биологически активных веществ.

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