Содержание пигментов и вторичных метаболитов в листьях базилика (Ocimum basilicum L. and O. × citriodorum) в условиях светокультуры

   Актуальность. Светодиодное освещение позволяет управлять биосинтезом первичных и вторичных метаболитов, повышая пищевую и фармакологическую ценность растений. Базилик – ценная эфиромасличная культура с высоким содержанием биологически активных соединений. При этом малоизученными остаются вопросы, связанные с регулированием спектрального состава светодиодов для направленной стимуляции роста и биосинтеза конкретных компонентов.

   Материалы и методы. Исследовано влияние четырёх LED-режимов (Синий: Белый: Красный: Розовый, %: 25:70:25:25; 50:80:25:50; 50:60:50:25; 50:70:25:25; Плотность фотонного потока 126–149 мкмоль/0,5 м 2/с) на базилик разных хемотипов: «цитральный» (O. × citriodorum Vis. Каприз), «линалоольный» (Ocimum basilicum L. Лучано), «метилциннаматный» (Ocimum basilicum L. № 232/21). Спектрофотометрически определяли содержание хлорофиллов, каротиноидов, фенольных соединений (ФС) и флавонолов. Путем гидродистилляции получали эфирное масло, компонентный состав которого анализировали методом газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием. Статистическая обработка – двухфакторный анализ ANOVA (тест Тьюки, p < 0,05).

   Результаты. Содержание хлорофиллов и каротиноидов у сорта Каприз выше в вариантах, в которых содержание ФС, в том числе флавонолов, наименьшее, и наоборот, у растений сорта Лучано содержание фотосинтетических пигментов выше в тех вариантах, где у сорта Каприз и образца № 232/21 наблюдалось их снижение. Наименее заметны изменения в накоплении ФС у образца № 232/21, эфирное масло которого на 87 % состоит из фенилпропаноидного компонента метилциннамата. Наиболее чувствительными к стрессу оказались растения сорта Каприз, а наиболее устойчив – образец № 232/21.

   Заключение. Режим 50:60:50:25 способствовал увеличению количества фотосинтетических пигментов, тогда как 50:70:25:25 стимулировал накопление ФС через активацию фенилпропаноидного пути из-за фотоокислительного стресса. Предложенные LED-режимы позволяют направленно модулировать биохимический профиль базилика, обеспечивая либо высокую антиоксидантную активность, либо максимальный выход эфирного масла.

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