ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2025-6-159-168ovoshchi-2821Research ArticleАГРОХИМИЯ, АГРОПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ, ЗАЩИТА И КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙAGROCHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE, PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINEСодержание пигментов и вторичных метаболитов в листьях базилика (Ocimum basilicum L. and O. × citriodorum) в условиях светокультурыContent of pigments and secondary metabolites in basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L. and O. × citriodorum) under light culture conditionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-7365АникинаД. С.AnikinaD. S.

Дарья Сергеевна Аникина, аспирант, м. н. с.

кафедра химии; группа агробиотехнологии

119071; 127434; Москва

Scopus ID: 59217774700; Researcher ID: OMM-0876-2025

Daria S. Anikina, PhD student, Junior Researcher

Department of Chemistry; Agrobiotechnology Group

119071; 127434; Moscow

Scopus ID: 59217774700; Researcher ID: OMM-0876-2025

black-cat99@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2903-6643ШироковаА. В.ShirokovaA. V.

Анна Владимировна Широкова, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник

лаборатория генетики и цитологии

143072; ул. Селекционная, д. 14; Московская область;Одинцовский район; ВНИИССОК

Scopus ID: 57205044017; Researcher ID: JNR-8828-2023

Anna V. Shirokova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher

Laboratory of Genetics and Cytology

143072; 14, Selektsionnaya str.; Moscow district; Odintsovo region; VNIISSOK

Scopus ID: 57205044017; Researcher ID: JNR-8828-2023

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4953-3240ШевкуновА. Б.ShevkunovA. B.

Андрей Борисович Шевкунов, младший научный сотрудник

группа агробиотехнологии

119071; Москва

Andrey B. Shevkunov, Junior Researcher

Agrobiotechnology Group

119071; Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9126-5751ДмитриеваВ. Л.DmitrievaV. L.

Валерия Львовна Дмитриева, заведующий лабораторией

кафедра химии

127434; Москва

Scopus ID: 58671853300; ResearcherID: OVY-0447-2025

Valeria L. Dmitrieva, Head of the Laboratory

Department of Chemistry

127434; Moscow

Scopus ID: 58671853300; ResearcherID: OVY-0447-2025

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-4566РужицкийА. О.RuzhitskiyA. O.

Александр Олегович Ружицкий, ведущий специалист

119071; Москва

Scopus ID: 57216808650; Researcher ID: HOC-5362-2023

Alexander O. Ruzhitskiy, Leading Specialist

119071; Moscow

Scopus ID: 57216808650; Researcher ID: HOC-5362-2023

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0149-7251ДмитриевЛ. Б.DmitrievL. B.

Лев Борисович Дмитриев, к. х. н., профессор

кафедра химии

127434; Москва

Scopus ID: 57219278823; ResearcherID: OXA-7967-2025

Lev B. Dmitriev, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Professor

Department of Chemistry Chemistry

127434; Moscow

Scopus ID: 57219278823; ResearcherID: OXA-7967-2025

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-762XЖевнеровА. В.ZhevnerovA. V.

Алексей Валерьевич Жевнеров, кандидат хим. наук, доцент

кафедра химии

127434; Москва

Scopus ID: 15081849000; Researcher ID: J-4346-2013

Alexey V. Zhevnerov, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Associate Professor

Department of Chemistry

127434; Moscow

Scopus ID: 15081849000; Researcher ID: J-4346-2013

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0839-498XРадинаВ. Е.RadinaV. E.

Валерия Евгеньевна Радина, инженер

группа агробиотехнологии

119071; Москва

Valeriya E. Radina, Engineer

Agrobiotechnology Group

119071; Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-8399ДжатдоеваС. А.DzhatdoevaS. A.

Софья Арсеновна Джатдоева, кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник, руководитель группы

группа агробиотехнологии

119071; Москва

Scopus ID: 56049088200; Researcher ID: H-9438-2014

Sofya A. Dzhatdoeva, Cand. Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Head of the Group

Agrobiotechnology Group

119071; Moscow

Scopus ID: 56049088200; Researcher ID: H-9438-2014

Федеральное государственное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева»РоссияFederal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences»; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияFederal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр «Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии» Российской академии наук»РоссияFederal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences»Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева»РоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation20250901202606159168Copyright © Аникина Д.С., Широкова А.В., Шевкунов А.Б., Дмитриева В.Л., Ружицкий А.О., Дмитриев Л.Б., Жевнеров А.В., Радина В.Е., Джатдоева С.А., 20262026Аникина Д.С., Широкова А.В., Шевкунов А.Б., Дмитриева В.Л., Ружицкий А.О., Дмитриев Л.Б., Жевнеров А.В., Радина В.Е., Джатдоева С.А.Anikina D.S., Shirokova A.V., Shevkunov A.B., Dmitrieva V.L., Ruzhitskiy A.O., Dmitriev L.B., Zhevnerov A.V., Radina V.E., Dzhatdoeva S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2821   Актуальность

   Актуальность. Светодиодное освещение позволяет управлять биосинтезом первичных и вторичных метаболитов, повышая пищевую и фармакологическую ценность растений. Базилик – ценная эфиромасличная культура с высоким содержанием биологически активных соединений. При этом малоизученными остаются вопросы, связанные с регулированием спектрального состава светодиодов для направленной стимуляции роста и биосинтеза конкретных компонентов.

   Материалы и методы

   Материалы и методы. Исследовано влияние четырёх LED-режимов (Синий: Белый: Красный: Розовый, %: 25:70:25:25; 50:80:25:50; 50:60:50:25; 50:70:25:25; Плотность фотонного потока 126–149 мкмоль/0,5 м 2/с) на базилик разных хемотипов: «цитральный» (O. × citriodorum Vis. Каприз), «линалоольный» (Ocimum basilicum L. Лучано), «метилциннаматный» (Ocimum basilicum L. № 232/21). Спектрофотометрически определяли содержание хлорофиллов, каротиноидов, фенольных соединений (ФС) и флавонолов. Путем гидродистилляции получали эфирное масло, компонентный состав которого анализировали методом газовой хроматографии с масс-селективным детектированием. Статистическая обработка – двухфакторный анализ ANOVA (тест Тьюки, p < 0,05).

   Результаты

   Результаты. Содержание хлорофиллов и каротиноидов у сорта Каприз выше в вариантах, в которых содержание ФС, в том числе флавонолов, наименьшее, и наоборот, у растений сорта Лучано содержание фотосинтетических пигментов выше в тех вариантах, где у сорта Каприз и образца № 232/21 наблюдалось их снижение. Наименее заметны изменения в накоплении ФС у образца № 232/21, эфирное масло которого на 87 % состоит из фенилпропаноидного компонента метилциннамата. Наиболее чувствительными к стрессу оказались растения сорта Каприз, а наиболее устойчив – образец № 232/21.

   Заключение

   Заключение. Режим 50:60:50:25 способствовал увеличению количества фотосинтетических пигментов, тогда как 50:70:25:25 стимулировал накопление ФС через активацию фенилпропаноидного пути из-за фотоокислительного стресса. Предложенные LED-режимы позволяют направленно модулировать биохимический профиль базилика, обеспечивая либо высокую антиоксидантную активность, либо максимальный выход эфирного масла.

   Relevance

   Relevance. LED lighting enables targeted control of primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, enhancing the nutritional and pharmacological value of plants. Basil is a valuable essential-oil crop rich in bioactive compounds. However, the regulation of LED spectral composition for directed stimulation of growth and biosynthesis of specific components remains underexplored.

   Materials and Methods

   Materials and Methods. The effects of four LED regimes (Blue:White:Red:Deep Pink, %: 25:70:25:25; 50:80:25:50; 50:60:50:25; 50:70:25:25; photon flux density 126–149 µmol/0.5 m²/s) were studied on basil chemotypes: “citral” (O. × citriodorum Vis. Kapriz), “linalool” (Ocimum basilicum L. Luchano), “methyl cinnamate” (Ocimum basilicum L. № 232/21). Chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic compounds (PC), and flavonols were quantified spectrophotometrically. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-MS. Data were processed by two-way ANOVA (Tukey test, p < 0.05).

   Results

   Results. In Kapriz, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were highest where PC (including flavonols) were lowest, and vice versa. In Luchano, photosynthetic pigments peaked in regimes where they declined in Kapriz and № 232/21. Sample № 232/21 showed the least change in PC accumulation; its essential oil consisted of 87 % methyl cinnamate. Kapriz plants were most stress-sensitive, while № 232/21 was the most resilient.

   Conclusion

   Conclusion. The 50:60:50:25 regime boosted photosynthetic pigments, whereas 50:70:25:25 enhanced PC via phenylpropanoid pathway activation under photo-oxidative stress. The proposed LED regimes enable targeted modulation of basil’s biochemical profile – delivering either high antioxidant activity or maximum essential-oil yield.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.