Assessment of phytopathogenic background of the rhizosphere zone of some representatives of the genus Allium L. on alluvial meadow soils of the Zamoskvoretskaya floodplain

   Relevance. Soil pathogens can cause serious damage to plants and lead to crop losses. The formation of microbial communities in the rhizosphere is determined by the choice of host plants; the microbiota, its composition, and activity are largely determined by a complex system of microbial-plant interactions, where the individual characteristics of plants and their root secretions play a major role in the formation of the pathogenic pool. Until now, the rhizosphere of Allium crops has not been studied to a large extent, so research in the field of studying microbial diversity when growing vari-
ous species and varieties of this species is important for identifying resistant ones and obtaining material for further genetic research to search for genes of resistance to various diseases.

   Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at VNIIO – a branch of the branch of the FSBSI "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". 13 species of the genus Allium from the VNIIO collection were studied. The phytopathogenic background of the rhizosphere zone during onion cultivation was assessed in the middle of the growing season using soil microbiology methods.

   Results. Of the 13 Allium species studied, only A. galanthum had no background of pathogenic micromycetes, so the species may be promising for searching for genes of resistance to pathogenic micromycetes. A. galanthum is an important wild edible plant species that plays an important role in food security and cultivation of onions (A. cepa). A. schoenoprasum, A. altyncolicum and A. sibphorpianum showed a high level of resistance to bacterial infections, which may be important for searching for the corresponding resistance genes. The rhizosphere zone under the onions A. fistulosum, A. pskemense, A. tuberosum had the largest number and biodiversity of pathogenic microbiota. The technologies for their cultivation should include measures to protect against diseases, including the treatment (disinfection) of seeds, soil and vegetative plants.

   Conclusions. A. galanthum may be promising for searching for genes of resistance to fungal diseases of onion. A. schoenoprasum, A. altyncolicum and A. sibphorpianum are resistant to bacterial infections, which can also be used to search for the corresponding resistance genes. The species A. fistulosum, A. pskemense, A. tuberosum were characterized by the least resistance to diseases.

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