Evaluation of the responsiveness of tulips to mineral fertilizers during early spring forcing in protected ground conditions

Relevance. When forcing tulips in the early spring period in conditions of protected soil, the effectiveness of fertilizers has not been sufficiently studied. Manufacturers and suppliers of planting material do not give clear recommendations on the timing and doses of the use of mineral fertilizers in the distillation process.
Material and methods. The object of study was 6 varieties of tulips of the Dutch selection of the mid-early flowering period. In the experiment, a "9-degree distillation technology"was used. For mineral fertilizing of tulips, a solution of calcium nitrate – Ca(NO₃)₂ was used in concentrations of 0.1% and 0,2%. The repetition of the experience is fourfold. To assess the effect of fertilizing on the growth and development of tulips, the dynamics of changes in biomorphological indicators was studied: the height of the plants, the diameter of the flower, the mass of cut flowers, as well as the output of commercial products. Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83-43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.
Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83- 43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.

1. MNIAP - Institute for Investment Policy Analysis [Electronic resource] URL: http://мниап.RussianFederation/analytics/Cvety-diversifikacia-proizvodstvaprodukcii-zakrytogo-grunta/ (accessed: 10.06.2021). (In Russ.)

2. Shchuklina O.A., Voronchikhina I.N., Alenicheva A.D., Klimenkova I.N., Voronchikhin V.V., Zavgorodny S.V. Characteristics of industrial cultivation and requirements to fresh cut flowers in the Russian Federation. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2020;(6):126-129. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-126-129

3. Voronchikhina I.N., Shchuklina O.A., Alenicheva A.D., Klimenkova I.N., Klimenkov F.I., Langaeva N.N., Zavgorodny S.V. Study of biomorphological features of tulips (Tulipa L.) in the forcing crop. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2020;(6):73-76. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-73-78

4. Benschop M., Kamenetsky R., Le Nard M,. Okubo H. Horticultural Reviews. 2010;(36):115. DOI: 10.1002/9780470527238.ch1

5. Makhno V. S., Bratukhina E. V., Gutieva N. M., Pashchenko O. I. About the selection of tulips and pelargonium for growing in the humid subtropics of Russia. Agricultural biology. 2014;(3):70-76. (In Russ.)

6. Beloshapkina O.O., Kashtanova Yu.A., Figol N.L. Assessment of the phytosanitary condition of the tulip in the plantings of protected and open ground. Fruit and berry growing in Russia. 2013;(1):50-56. (In Russ.)

7. Zhidkova A.Yu., Podberezny V.V. Features of the technology of forcing tulips in the Rostov region. Floriculture: theoretical and practical aspects. 2020;(1):28-29. (In Russ.)

8. Mustafina V.V. The choice of methods for evaluating some metric indicators of plants. Collection of the international scientific conference "Ecological and physiological factors of productivity of cultivated plants". 2007;(1):190-191. (In Russ.)

9. Khan F.U., Siddique M.A.A., Khan F.A., Nazk I.T. Effect of biofertilizer on growth, flower quality and bulb yield in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana). Indian J. of agric. 2009;79(4):248-251.

10. Mohamad A.B. Effect of Bio-Fertilezer and Calcium Nitrate on Vegetative and Flowering Growth of Tulipa sp. CV. Orange Casign. Materials conference: 5th International conference on chemical, biological, agriculture and environmental sciences (CBAES-2017). 2017. Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia).

11. Classified List and Internatinal Register of Tulip Names. Hillegon – The Netherlands. 1996. P.623.

12. Van Scheepen, J. Cultivar groups in the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae). Acta Hortic. 1995;(413):137-144. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1995.413.21

13. Alexandrova L. M. Study of the ability to vegetative reproduction of introduced tulip varieties in the conditions of the southern coast of the Crimea. Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Garden. 2018;(129):60-68. (In Russ.)

14. Lesnaw J.A., Ghabrial S.A. Tulip Breaking: Past, Present, and Future. Plant Disease. 2000;84(10):1052-1060. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.10.1052.

15. Kilsdonk M., Kolloffel C., Nicolay K., and Doorduin J. Physiological disorders in stored flower bulbs as-sessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Hortic. 2003;(599):323-327. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2003.599.39

16. Ivanova O.V., Alexandrova L. M. Infectability of introduced varieties of tulips with the pathogen Botrytis tulipae (LIB.) Lind in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Materials of the International scientific and Practical conference dedicated to the 125th anniversary of VNIICiSK and the 85th anniversary of the Botanical Garden "Tree of Friendship": "Scientific support for the sustainable development of fruit growing and ornamental gardening". 2019. Р.173-178. (In Russ.)

17. Gullino M.L. Tulips with Fever. In: Spores. Springer, Cham. 2021. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69995-6_9