Study of water regime parameters in apples during drought
https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-62-6
Abstract
Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influence of drought, the leaves of the apple tree prematurely fall, the ovaries and fruits fall off, which significantly affects on the yield. In this regard, the study of the water regime of apple remains relevant under drought conditions.
Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNIISPK in 2016-2017. Apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding growing on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 were studied. Antonovka Obyknovennaya was taken as a standard cultivar. The experiments were laid in 2013, the spacing scheme was 5 m x 3 m. The crown shape is of spindle type. The row-spacing and near-trunk stripes are kept under the fall fallow. The method of artificial dehydration was used to determine drought resistance of apple cultivars. The apple cultivars were studied with the aim to determine the physiological parameters of water regime relative to their drought resistance.
Results. As a result of the two-year studies, the cultivars were characterized by the average content of water in leaves (61.2-65.1%). Water deficiency in most varieties was optimal in the field and did not exceed 10.0%. The increase in water deficiency in apple leaves was noted in drought modeling. For two years, of the leaf tissues water deficiency was in leaves of the Veniaminovskoye cultivar both in the field (5.2%) and after drought modeling (22.4%). During the growing season, the distribution of precipitation and temperature during the passage of individual phenophases by apple plants influenced the overall water content in the leaf tissues. The decrease of the water content in the leaf tissues and the increase of water deficiency were observed when dry conditions occurred. The decrease of the water regime and water deficiency in leaves was notes to a greater extent during the formation of fruits. It was found that all of the studied apple cultivars had an average level of resistance to drought. The study of water regime parameters showed that Veniaminovskoye was characterized by more stable indices and this indicated greater resistance to drought.
About the Authors
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), l eading researcher,
Zhilina, Orel region, Russia, 302530
N. G. Krasova
Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dc. Sci., (Agriculture), chief researcher,
Zhilina, Orel region, Russia, 302530
A. M. Galasheva
Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), leading researcher,
Zhilina, Orel region, Russia, 302530
References
1. Wahid A. Physiological implications of metabolites biosynthesis in net assimilation and heat stress tolerance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) sprouts. Journal of Plant Research. 2007;120:219-228.
2. Watanabe T, Kume T. A general adaptation strategy for climate change impacts on paddy cultivation: special reference to the Japanese context. Paddy Water Environment. 2009;7:313-320.
3. Shah F., Huang J., Cui K., Nie L., Shah T., Chen C., & Wang K. Impact of hightemperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge. 2011;149:545-556.
4. Hasanuzzaman M., Hossain M. A. Teixeira da Silva J.A., Fujita M. Plant Responses and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress: antioxidant defenses is a key factors. In: Bandi V, Shanker AK, Shanker C, Mandapaka M (eds). Crop Stress and its management: Perspectives and strategies. Berlin: Springer. 2012: 261-316.
5. Inoue T., Inanaga S., Sugimoto Y., An P. & Eneji A.E. Effect of drought on ear and flag leaf photosynthesis of two wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance. Photosynthetica. 2004;42:559–565.
6. Bota J., Flexas J., Medrano H. Genetic variability of photosynthesis and water use in Balearic grapevine cultivars. Ann. Appl. Biol. 2001;138:353-361.
7. Herralde F. de, Savй R., Biel C., Batlle I., Vargas F. J. Differences in drought tolerance in two almond cultivars: ‘Lauranne’ and ‘Masbovera’. Cahiers Options Mйditerranйennes. 2001;56:149-154.
8. Singer S.M., Helmy Y.I., Karas A. N., Abou-Hadid A.F. 2003. Influences of different water-stress treatments on growth, development and production of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Acta Hort. 2001;614:605-611.
9. Yushkov A.N., Savelyeva N.N. Drought resistance of Apple varieties immune to scab. Problems of Agroecology and adaptability of varieties in modern horticulture: Mat. Russian. science.-method. conf. Orel: VNIISPK. 2008;292–293. (In Russ.)
10. Munns, R., James R., Sirault X., Furbank R., Jones H. New phenotyping methods for screening wheat and barley for beneficial responses to water deficit. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2010;1-9.
11. Aitzhanova S.D., Popov V.A., Andronov V.I., Sazonov F.F. Selection evaluation of strawberry varieties for drought resistance. Science and education – revival of agriculture in Russia in the XXI century. Bryansk: publishing house of Bryansk state agricultural Academy. 2000;37-41. (In Russ.)
12. Ozherelieva Z.E., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. The influence of dehydration and heat shock on the water regime of apple tree varieties. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Science Review]. 2013;1:10-13. (In Russ.)
13. Roeva T. V., Leonicheva E. V., Leotyeva L. I. Water regime and drought resistance of apple trees at foliage spraying application. Vestnik of agrarian science. 2017;6 (69):23-30. (In Russ.)
14. Farrant J.. Mechanisms of desiccation tolerance in angiosperm resurrection plants. In Plant Desiccation Tolerance: M. Jenks, A. Wood eds. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa. USA. 2002; 51-90.
15. Klamkowski K., Treder W. Influence of a rootstock on intensity of transpiration rate and dynamics of changes of an apple tree leader growing under different soil water regimes. J. of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research. 2002;10:31-39.
16. Klamkowski K., Treder W. Morphological and physiological responses of strawberry plants to water stress. Agric. Conspec. Sci. 2006;71:159-165.
17. Klamkowki K., Treder W. Response to drought stress of three strawberry-cultivars grown unter greenhouse conditions. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research. 2008;16:179-188.
18. Leonchenko, V.G., Evseeva, R.P., Zhbanova, E.V., Cherenkova, T.A. In The preliminary selection of promising fruit genotypes for ecological resistance and biochemical value of fruit. Michurinsk: VNIIS. 2007; 72. (In Russ.)
19. Dospekhov, B.A. Methods of the Field Experiment. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 1985; 351. (In Russ.)
20. Ozherelieva, Z.E., Krasova, N.G., Galasheva, A.M. Water regime change in apple leaves during vegetation. Sovremennoe sadovodstvo – Contemporary horticulture. 2015; 1: 87-92. Retrieved from: http://journal.vniispk.ru/pdf/2015/1/12.pdf. (In Russ.)
21. Solovieva M. A. Winter hardiness of fruit crops under different growing conditions. Moscow: Kolos. 1967; 239. (In Russ.)
22. Ozherelieva, Z.E., Krasova, N.G., Galasheva, A.M. Study of water regime of apple varieties in summer period relative to their drought hardiness and heat resistance. Achievements of Science and Technology of AICis. 2013; 1: 17-19. (In Russ.)
Review
For citations:
Ozherelieva Z.E., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. Study of water regime parameters in apples during drought. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2019;(6):62-66. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-62-6
Views:
834
Email this article 