Nitrogen fertilizers in the system of potato mineral nutrition

Relevance. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis and study of modern forms of nitrogen fertilizers in the mineral nutrition of potatoes. This research direction is driven by the emergence of diverse forms on the mineral fertilizer market.

Methodology. The article presents comparative data on the effects of traditional nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, liquid ammonia, ammonia water) and relatively new developments (stabilized urea UTEK, nitrogen-limestone fertilizer (UAI), nitrogen fertilizers with sulfur additives such as UAN+S, sulfonitrate, etc.). The article shows the results of field experiments (2020-2022) to assess the effectiveness of root dressings with some of the above forms: ammonium nitrate, inhibited urea UTEK, nitrogen-limestone fertilizer (UAI), on domestic potato varieties – maturing Udacha, Meteor, Zhukovsky and mid-season Favorit, Grand. Standard research methods were used in setting up and conducting the shortterm field experiments.

Results. The system of mineral nutrition of potatoes, combining the main application of complex NPK fertilizers (nitroammophoska 14:14:23 or diammophoska 10:26:26, etc.) before planting in moderate doses (N40-56P56-104K92-104) with root nitrogen fertilizing in doses not exceeding N100 in the initial period of vegetation (plant height 10-15 cm – beginning of budding) with modernized forms of nitrogen fertilizers (inhibited urea UTEK) or nitrogen-limestone fertilizer (UAI), is capable of fully revealing the potential of potato varieties. It was found that when growing domestic potato varieties on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, the yield increase from nitrogen top dressing at a rate of N100 was: for early varieties (Udacha, Meteor, Zhukovsky early) 3.0-8.8 t/ha or 7-25%, and for mid-late varieties (Grand, Favorit) 3.0-7.7 t/ha or 11-20% over the mineral background (N56P56K92), where the yield level reached 27-32 t/ha. Root nitrogen top dressings contributed to a significant increase in potato yield and marketability, with no observed "growth dilution" of nutrients in the produce.

1. Al'smik P.I., Ambrosov A.L., Vecher P.S. Potato physiology. Moscow: Kolos; 1979. 272 p. (in Russ.)

2. Harris P.M. The Potato Crop. Springer-Science + Business Media, B.V. 1978. pp. 196-217.

3. Vorob'ev V. Agronomic efficiency of fertilizer systems in crop rotations on sod-podzolic soils. Mezhdunarodnyi sel'skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2016;(1):37-36. https://elibrary.ru/vljqzr (in Russ.)

4. Svechnikov A.K., Izmest'ev V.M., Sokolova E.A. Nitrogen fertilizers and productivity of fodder crop rotations. Agricultural science Euro-North-East. 2018;63(2):69-73. https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2018.63.2.69-73 https://elibrary.ru/xmfyjf (in Russ.)

5. Volkova A.V. Mineral Fertilizer Market. Review. National Research University. Higher School of Economics. 2019. 52 p. (in Russ.)

6. Grebennikova T.V., Vizirskaya M.M., Zhevora S.V., Fedotova L.S., Timoshina N.A., Knyazeva E.V. The effect of complex mineral fertilizers combined with nitrogen fertilizers on the yield of potato varieties. The Way of Science. 2023;2(108):14-23. https://elibrary.ru/ewpaxc (in Russ.)

7. Zhevora S.V. The reaction of potato varieties to the introduction of stabilized UTEC46 carbamide into the mineral nutrition system. Plodorodie. 2021;(3):76-80. https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2021.120.14 https://elibrary.ru/qwfats (in Russ.)

8. Sychev V.G., Akanova N.I., Vizirskaya M.M. Effectiveness of urea with urease inhibitor – UTEC to the potato. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2019;(3):104-108. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-3-104-108 https://elibrary.ru/xdkavy

9. Pryanishnikov D.N. Selected works. Мoscow. 1955. Vol. 4. pp. 66. (in Russ.)

10. Turko S.A. Potato Grower's Table Book. Minsk, 2007. 165 p. (in Russ.)

11. Fedotova L.S., Zelenov N.A. Fertilizer as a factor of high productivity and quality of potatoes. M., 2007. 172 p. (in Russ.)

12. Zavalin A.A., Nakaryakov A.M. Efficiency of application of biomodified nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat. Agrochemical herald. 2021;(1):33-37. https://doi.org/10.24411/1029-2551-2021-1-006 https://elibrary.ru/rzvfpj (in Russ.)

13. Mukhina M.T., Borovik R.A., Korshunov A.A. Long-acting fertilizers: main stages and directions of development. Plodorodie. 2021;(4):77-82. https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2021.121.23 https://elibrary.ru/vpeerz (in Russ.)

14. Mannkhaim T., Berger N. Fertilization of crops with stabilized nitrogen fertilizers. Mezhdunarodnyi sel'skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2015;(3):28-30. https://elibrary.ru/rxsjdo (in Russ.)

15. Khan I., Zaman M., Khan M.J., Iqbal M., Babar M.N. How to improve yield and quality of potatoes: effects of two rates of urea N, urease inhibitor and Cytozyme nutritional program. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2014;14(2):268-276. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162014005000022

16. Zavalin A.A., Sviridova L.A. Ways to increase the efficiency of carbamide use. Agrokhimiya. 024;(11):3-11. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002188124110017 https://elibrary.ru/ainvtu (in Russ.)

17. Fedotova L.S., Timoshina N.A. Nitrates in potatoes as an indicator of mineral nutrition and product maturity. Achievements of science and technology in the agro-industrial complex. 2004;(8):11-13. (in Russ.)

18. Hauck R.D. Significance of nitrogen fertilizer microsite reactions in soil. Nitrogen in Crop Production. Madison. WI: ASA. 1984. pp. 507-533. https://doi.org/10.2134/1990.nitrogenincropproduction.c33

19. Montgomery D.R. and Biklé A. Soil Health and Nutrient Density: Beyond Organic vs. Conventional Farming. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2021;(5):699147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.699147