The method for accelerated production of table beet seeds and mother plants in one year using low-volume technology
https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2026-1-58-65
Abstract
Relevance. The breeding process of root crops, especially those with a biennial development cycle, is a lengthy process. It takes 14-20 years or 7-10 generations to develop a beet variety or hybrid (hybridization or inbreeding, selection, evaluation). Nowadays, the market and large commercial agricultural producers place special requirements on breeding achievements regarding the size of the root crop and its shape, productivity, biochemical composition, and a number of other technological indicators. Therefore, the development of methods that accelerate the introduction and reproduction of new beet varieties and hybrids in demand in industrial production is very essential.
Materials and Methods. The selected mother plants were planted in the second decade of January in a winter glazed greenhouse (years 2020-2022) and in a winter polycarbonate greenhouse on tables (years 2023-2024), in pots filled with a peat-perlite mixture. The seed plants were cared for using traditional technology. As the seeds ripened, after 108-120 days, they were threshed and sown in the open ground, simultaneously with the selection crops in the general field starting from the third decade of May.
Results. Planting elite mother root crops in protected soil using low-volume technology with supplementary lighting and formation of a seed bush of the first type, together allows to obtain seed progeny from the beet plants, sow seeds of the current year's crop in the third decade of May in open ground and harvest commercial root crops in one calendar year with formed varietal and economically valuable traits.
About the Author
V. A. Zayachkovsky
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vladimir A. Zayachkovsky – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Breeding and Seed Production of Table Root Crops
14, Selectsionnaya str., VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072
References
1. Pivovarov V.F., Soldatenko A.V., Pyshnaya O.N., Gurkina L.K., Pinchuk E.V. Food independence and technological sovereignty of Russia in the vegetable growing sector. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2024;(3):5-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-3-5-17 https://www.elibrari.ru/tweppi
2. Vetrova S.A., Stepanov V.A., Zayachkovsky V.A. Ecological testing of varieties beetroot selection of FSBSI FSVC. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2023;(1):60-68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2023-1-60-68 https://www.elibrary.ru/sijrhh
3. Zayachkovsky V.A., Moldovan A.I., Tereshonok V.I., Kharchenko V.A., Antoshkina M.S., Pavlov L.V., Golubkina N.A., Stepanov V.A. Factors affecting total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in beet root chips during production and storage. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2022;(2):36-43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-2-36-43 https://www.elibrary.ru/ironjn
4. Fedorov A.K., Cheltsova L.P., Vernalization and its mystery. Chisinau, “Shtiintsa”, 1989. 112 p. (In Russ.)
5. Abo-Elwafa S.F., Abdel-Rahim H.M., Abou-Salama A.M., Teama E.A. Sugar beet floral induction and fertility: Effect of vernalization and day-length extension. Sugar Tech. 2006;(8):281–287.
6. Durrant M.J., Mash S.J., Jaggard K.W. Effects of seed advancement and sowing date on establishment, bolting and yield of suga beet. J. Agric. Sci. 1993;(121):333–341.
7. Kockelmann A., Tilcher R., Fischer U. Seed production and processing. Sugar Tech. 2010;(12):267–275.
8. Sadeghian S.Y., Johansson E. Genetic study of bolting and stem length in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) using a factorial cross design. Euphytica. 1993;(65, 177–185.
9. Kahangi M., Fudgime J., Obongo J. Effects of seed vernaliration of flovering and production of lettuce (Lactica sativa). 1988;(2):39.
10. Wieboch W.A. Jarovization with some vegetable and rolialateed crops. Drukkeri P.A. Heensehmans. Almaar. 1965. p.39.
11. Kruzhilin A.S., Shvedskaya Z.M. Biology of biennial plants. Moscow: Nauka, 1966. 327 p. (In Russ.)
12. Draycott A.P. Sugar Beet; Draycott, A. Philip (Formerly of Broom’s Barn Research Station); Bury St Edmunds, S., Ed.; Blackwell: Suffolk, UK, 2006. ISBN 978-1-4051-1911-5.
13. Abe J., Guan G.P., Shimamoto Y. A marker-assisted analysis of bolting tendency in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Euphytica. 1997;(94):137–144.
14. Höft N., Dally N., Hasler M., Jung C. Haplotype variation of flowering time genes of sugar beet and its wild relatives and the impact on life cycle regimes. Front. Plant Sci. 2018;(8):2211.
15. Durrant M.J., Mash S.J. Sugar-beet seed treatments and early sowing. Seed Sci. Technol.1990;(18):839–850.
16. Salimi Z., Boelt B. From Emergence to Flowering: Four Beet (Beta vulgaris ssp.) Cultivars’ Phenological Response to Seed Priming. Agronomy. 2019;(9):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy
17. Pilipets G.P., and Bobro M.A., "Method for Growing Sugar Beet Seeds" (patent 491339 a1 dated 15.11.1975) (V.V. Dokuchaev Kharkiv Agricultural Institute). (In Russ.) 1Shtiints Publishing House. 1989. 112 p. (In Russ.)
18. Krasochkin V.T. Cultivated Flora of the USSR. Root Crops. Vol. XIX. Edited by Zhukovsky P.M., L. 1971. 226 p. (In Russ.)
19. Burenin V.I., Pivovarov V.F., Beet. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute, VNIISSOK. 1998. 212 p. (In Russ.)
20. Koziy V.E., Nagorny G.M., Gizbullin N.G. "Method for Growing Sugar Beet Seedlings" (Patent SU 1 727 615a1, Issued April 23, 1992) Authors: (All-Russian Sugar Beet Research Institute, NPO Sugar Beet). (In Russ.)
21. Bulin V. N., Yurchak V. P. "Method for Growing Seeds in an Annual Cycle". Sugar Beet, 1986;(1):33-34. (In Russ.)
22. Pi Zhi, Wu Zed, Xing Wang, "Method for Rapid Beet Propagation" (Patent CN 110612876A, Issued December 27, 2019).
23. Vetrova S.A., Soldatenko A.V., Novikov I.V., Stepanov V.A., Zayachkovsky V.A. Profitability of commercial beetroot seed production in various production methods. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2025;(4):33-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2025-4-33-41 https://www.elibrary.ru/yyuaom
24. Zayachkovsky V.A. Development of methods for heterotic breeding of table beet. Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Agricultural Sciences. Moscow, 2000. (In Russ.)
25. Konysbekov K.T., Bastaubaeva Sh.O., Elnazarkyzy R., Tabynbaeva L.K., Musagodzhaev N.T. Growing stecklings of new sugar beet hybrids in a greenhouse complex. Sakhar, High-Yield Technology, Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing. 2021;(10):50-54. (In Russ.)
26. Fedorova A.I. Growing mother beets using the steckling method. Sugar beet. 1962;(1). (In Russ.)
27. Fomichev A.M. The Steckling Method in Seed Production of Fodder Beets. Breeding and Seed Production. 1978. (In Russ.)
28. Sazonova L.V., Vlasova E.A. Root Crops (Carrots, Celery, Parsley, Parsnips, Radish, Horseradish). Leningrad: Agropromizdat, 1990. 296 p. (In Russ.)
29. Shevtsov I.A., Fomichev A.M. Biology and Agricultural Technology of Fodder Beets. Kyiv, 1980. (In Russ.)
30. Smirnov P.S. Vernalization of vegetative plants and dormant buds of biennial crops. Leningrad, 1966. 19 p. (In Russ.)
31. Sushchevich A.V. Development of sugar beet seed production techniques using the steckling method for the western regions of Belarus. Minsk, 1964. 26 p. (In Russ.)
32. Vetrova S.A., Kozar E.G., Fedorova M.I. Acceleration of the breeding process to create a linear material of red beet. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2019;(1):29-36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-1-29-36 https://www.elibrary.ru/fhksep
33. Zayachkovsky V.A., Golubkina N.A., Zayachkovskaya T.V., Stepanov V.A., Vetrova S.A., Soldatenko A.V. "A method for accelerated production of beet seeds and mother plants in one year using low-volume technology." (Patent for invention RU 2844575 C1, 04.08.2025. Application No. 2024107306 dated 20.03.2024).
Review
For citations:
Zayachkovsky V.A. The method for accelerated production of table beet seeds and mother plants in one year using low-volume technology. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2026;(1):58-65. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2026-1-58-65
Views:
85
JATS XML
Email this article 