Применение наночастиц оксида магния для улучшения продуктивности базилика (Ocimum basilicum L.) в условиях полной светокультуры

   Актуальность. Рост спроса на пряные ароматические культуры способствует развитию их всесезонного производства в условиях полной светокульуры. При выращивании зеленных культур в контролируемых условиях наночастицы оксида магния (MgO-НЧ) имеют большой потенциал применения благодаря своей экологичности и способности стимулировать рост и накопление вторичных метаболитов. Данная работа посвящена определению эффективных концентраций MgO-НЧ для стимулирования роста, фотосинтеза и накопления эфирных масел базилика душистого.

   Материал и методы. Наночастицы оксида Mg размером 6–7 нм, полученные методом лазерной абляции, применялись в виде 3-х внекорневых обработок, проведенных с интервалом 10 дней, начиная с фазы появления первых настоящих листьев у растений базилика душистого сорта Жиголо. Наночастицы использовали в концентрациях 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 и 500 мг/л. Контрольные растения опрыскивали дистиллированной водой. На 60-й день культивирования измеряли: высоту растений, количество листьев, сырую и сухую массу, общее содержание хлорофилла, антоцианов, эфирных масел.

   Результаты. Обработка базилика растворами наночастиц MgO в концентрациях 100 и 150 мг/л способствовала увеличению количества листьев на 65 и 60 %, сырой массы растений на 55,7 и 83,4 % соответственно. Обработки в концентрации 150 мг/л привели к увеличению высоты растений на 51,6 %. Увеличение сухой массы растений наблюдали во всех вариантах обработок при использовании концентраций от 75 мг/л и более. С применением концентраций 150, 200 и 500 мг/л зафиксировано наибольшее достоверное увеличение сухой массы (на 43, 56 и 37 %) и содержания общего хлорофилла (на 38, 77 и 33 %). Наибольшее накопление эфирных масел (прирост более чем в 2 раза) происходило при обработке 50 мг/л. Изменялся также компонентный состав эфирных масел: наибольшее содержание линалоола отмечалась при 25 мг/л, эвгенола – при 50 мг/л, а эвкалиптола при 75 мг/л.

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