Identification of spring barley varieties according to the degree of manifestation of qualitative morphological features by year in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone

Relevance. Protection of intellectual property rights for selection achievements is important for maintaining selection. To obtain the right, a variety must meet the criteria of distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability. In this case, new varieties are compared by morphological characteristics with standard varieties, varieties with a clearly expressed manifestation of the characteristics by which the assessment is carried out. Many countries strive to create collections of standard varieties of domestic selection. The purpose of our study: evaluation of a collection of spring barley by qualitative morphological characteristics (bush type, anthocyanin coloration of flag leaf auricles, awn tips, nerves of the outer flower scale, position of the ear and flag leaf, pubescence of the lower leaf sheath, waxy coating of the flag leaf sheath) and identification of varieties with stable manifestations of characteristics as candidates for standard varieties of the domestic collection.

Methods and Materials. The study was conducted in 2022-2024 in the central region of the non-chernozem zone on 66 varieties of spring barley. The characteristics were taken into account in accordance with the Methodology for conducting tests on environmental protection.

RESULTS. The following varieties were identified that can serve as candidates for standards: 1601 410 2C, Anna, Blagodar, Buyan, Byyan, Vladimir, Getman, Gris, Granal 32, Dina, Zeus, KVS Irina, KVS Jessie, Kornet Stoykiy, Krasnoyaruzhsky 6, Medikum 157, Odesky 22, Povolzhsky 49, Elf, Nadezhny. Among them are varieties with a unique manifestation of gradations of characteristics: Byyan and Buyan, KVS Jessie, Odesky 22, Anna, Gris, Elf, Medikum 157, Nadezhny. No gradations were found for the characteristic "wax coating on the sheath of the flag leaf". No varieties were found that exhibited gradations of the following characteristics: erect, semi-creeping, creeping bush type; presence of pubescence of leaf sheaths of lower leaves; very strong anthocyanin coloration of ears; bent flag leaf; very strong anthocyanin coloration of awn tips; semi-bent and drooping position of the spike; very strong anthocyanin coloration of nerves of the outer flower scale.

1. Huw Jones, Robert J. Jarman, Lydia Austin, Jon White & Robert J. Cooke. The management of variety reference collections in distinctness, uniformity and stability testing of wheat. Euphytica. 2003;132(2):175–184. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024642828705

2. Ju-Kyung Yu., Yong-Suk Chung. Plant Variety Protection: Current Practices and Insights. Genes. 2021;12(8):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12081127

3. «Civil Code of the Russian Federation» from 18.12.2006 N 230-ФЗ (ed. from 30.01.2024) Electronic resource.

4. Methodology for testing for distinctiveness, uniformity and stability. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. sensu lato) 18.08.2005. № 12-06/36. Federal State Budgetary Institution "State Variety Commission": official website. URL: https://gossortrf.ru/metodiki-ispytaniy-na-oos/ (date of access 02.11.2022).

5. Beinya V.A., Semashko T.V. Development of methodological base for state testing of potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) for distinctness, homogeneity and stability in the Republic of Belarus. Potato Growing. 2021;29(1):9-16. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.47612/0134-9740-2021-29-9-16

6. Markevich I.M. Formation of a collection of standard varieties to identify spring soft wheat accessions on the basis of UPOV. Agriculture and breeding in Belarus. 2011;47:248-255. https://www.elibrary.ru/uxblto

7. Abugalieva A.I., Skokbaev S.O., Dracheva L.M., Abugalieva S.I., Turuskav E.K. Distinctiveness, uniformity and stability of barley varieties according to morphological and molecular markers according to UPOV. Biotechnology. Theory and practice. 2005;1:26-39. https://www.elibrary.ru/umwtrt

8. Dolgikh L.A., Abugalieva A.I. rapeseed and its identification according to UPOV. .. 2009;1(140):127-133. https://www.elibrary.ru/knospj

9. Vasilyuk P.N. Formation of collections of winter soft wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) with standard characteristics during examination for DUS. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection. 2013;3:4-7. https://www.elibrary.ru/viogzp

10. Vasilyuk P.N., Griniv S.N., Karazhbey G.N., Ulych L.I., Kaminskaya L.V. Scientific substantiation of the stability of manifestation of morphological characteristics of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the qualification examination for DUS. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection. 2012;1:36-39. https://www.elibrary.ru/vkccxl

11. Ulich L.I., Tagantsova M.N., Kaminskaya L.V., Matus V.M. Inheritance and variability of morphological traits of wheat (Triticum) and features of their manifestation during examination of varieties for DUS. Plant Varieties Studying and Protection. 2010;1(11).

12. Karazhbey G.N., Griniv S.N., Bezruchko O.I., Kaminskaya L.V. Study of morphological characteristics of common rye (Secale cereale L.) and common sorghum (two-color) (Sorghum bicolor L.). Plant Varieties Studying and Protection. 2013;1:69-73. https://www.elibrary.ru/vdwpzd

13. Zadoks J.C., Chang T.T., Konzak C. F. A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research. 1974:14:415-421.

14. Makarevich A.M., Shutova A.G., Spiridovich E.V., Reshetnikov V.N. Functions and properties of anthocyanins of plant raw materials. Proceedings of the Belarusian State University. Series: Physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of functioning of biosystems. 2009:4(2):147-157. https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/16261

15. Maslennikov P.V., Chupakhina G.N. Effect of light of different intensity on the biosynthesis of anthocyanins. New and unconventional plants and prospects for their use: Proceedings of the IV international symposium. Pushchino, 2001. P. 522-524.

16. Shoeva O.Yu., Kukoeva T.V. Relationship between the anthocyanin content values in the leaf sheath base of barley cultivars and in the grain of the hybrids derived from them. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2022;183(4):152-162. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-152-162