The results of work on the breeding of early-maturing hybrids of white cabbage in the Kuban region

Relevance. The climatic conditions of Krasnodar region allow for the cultivation of early-ripening white cabbage, a source of vitamins and microelements, from mid-April to mid-July, using spring film greenhouses and open ground. Building a product pipeline requires a diverse range of hybrids adapted to the growing conditions. Given that foreign hybrids predominate in the commercial vegetable industry, it is crucial to focus efforts on developing competitive domes- tic alternatives.

The aim of the study is to develop early-ripening hybrids that meet modern requirements for the early production of crops from protected and open ground in Kuban in the period from April to July.

Materials and Methods. Breeding work to develop early hybrids was conducted using self- incompatibility in a two-line system, as well as using CMS, in the Heterotic Breeding Department of the KNIIOKH from 2005 to 2010 and the Vegetable Growing Department of the Federal Scientific Rice Centre from 2011 to 2023. Source material: F-2 populations of commercial foreign hybrids and promising hybrid combinations. Inbred lines were grown as direct crops in a spring greenhouse, with periodic selection in the field. Hybrid testing included field testing under drip irrigation and in spring greenhouses. Foreign (Parel F₁, Tiara F₁, Ranini F₁) and domestic (Ritsa F₁, Kazachok F₁) hybrids served as standards.

Results. As a result of many years of work, 25 homozygous lines were created. The best combinations for a set of economically valuable traits were subjected to competitive testing for 2- 3 years, and the hybrid that best corresponded to the adopted model was submitted to State Variety Testing. The following hybrids entered the State Register: the early-ripening hybrid Ritsa F₁ (2016) for cultivation in spring film greenhouses, under covering material and in the open ground; the early-ripening, high-yielding hybrid Milana (2019) for cultivation under covering material and in the open ground; heat-resistant, high-yielding early and mid-early hybrids Ataman F₁ and Mlada F₁ for growing in a conveyor belt and delivering produce from the first ten days of June to mid-July (2011). The universal hybrid Vasilisa F₁, which is well adapted to the conditions of a film greenhouse without heating and also shows high results in open ground in terms of early maturity and yield, was submitted for State Variety Testing in 2023.

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