Agrobiological characteristics of the original forms of tomato for breeding in closed agroecosystems

Relevance. Modern agriculture faces a shortage of specialized tomato varieties and hybrids of determinate growth type, adapted to cultivation in closed agroecosystems with artificial lighting and at the same time possessing an increased content of valuable biochemical substances, such as vitamins, amino acids and antioxidants. The solution to this problem involves the active development of the breeding process aimed at creating adapted hybrids and applying scientifically based approaches to the selection and evaluation of genetic material, which will form the basis for the successful implementation of intensive technologies for growing vegetables in closed agroecosystems. The purpose of the work: to identify the best tomato hybrids of domestic selection, suitable for cultivation in a closed agroecosystem with artificial lighting, through a comparative analysis of their productive and biochemical characteristics.

Materials and Methods. The tests were carried out on 11 specially selected hybrids, which made it possible to objectively assess their potential for use in intensive technologies of mod- ern vegetable growing. The study included a detailed assessment of the morphobiometric characteristics, dry weight gain dynamics, photosynthetic activity intensity, fruit biochemical composition, and overall hybrid productivity. Standard statistical analysis techniques and modern bioassessment approaches were used.

Results. It was noted that the F F₁ VS-21-23 hybrid was the most successful: it was characterized by high productivity (4.04 kg/plant), a short ripening period (81 days), a rich amino acid profile, high vitamin content, and low nitrate levels (177.58 mg/kg). The other five hybrids also demonstrated good adaptation to artificial conditions, but the F F₁ VS-21-23 hybrid significantly outperformed its competitors by most criteria.

Conclusion. The F F₁ VS-21-23 hybrid is promising for intensive cultivation in closed agroecosystems with artificial lighting, capable of consistently producing high yields of quality products.

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