Creation of tomato breeding material with resistance genes based on lines with functional male sterility

Relevance. Growing tomatoes in the Krasnodar Territory in the open ground is more expensive compared to other regions. One of the main reasons is the expensive system of protection against diseases that are widespread on tomatoes. The most dangerous diseases are late blight, alternariasis and fusariasis, during epiphytotic years, fruit yield losses can reach up to 90%. These diseases are caused by pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. The most effective way to combat them is to create highly tolerant hybrids. This is especially true for the south of Russia, where weather conditions are favorable for the development of diseases and the stress load on plants is maximum The purpose of the study. To create a tomato breeding material (Solánum lycopérsicum) of various uses based on lines with functional male sterility with genes of resistance to the most harmful diseases.

Materials and methods. Since 2018, the Department of Horticulture has begun work on introducing various target names of genetic material from donors with pathogen resistance genes: late blight, fusarium and alternariasis into the line with a statement on functional male sterility. The methods of classical breeding were used in the breeding work. At the first stage, the Ph-3, I-2 and Asc genes were identified, providing resistance to these diseases in the breeding material available in the department of horticulture of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "FNC Ris". In 2023, 188 inbred lines were analyzed for the presence and allelic location of resistance genes to the Murray and Thompson method.

Results. According to the results of the study, breeding material with genes of resistance to pathogens has been identified, the work on the evaluation of which will continue. Among the sterile lines, 4 samples (101- 2, 104-2, 106-1 and 107-2) have genes for resistance to late blight (Ph3), 2 samples (100-2 and 124-6) – to fusarium wilt (I-2) and 4 samples (91-1, 101-2, 105-1, 106-1) to alternariasis (Asc), among the lines-pollinators have genes of resistance to late blight in samples: 127-3, 129-4, 137-5, 140-1; to fusarium: 127-3, 99-5, 137-5; to alternariasis: 94-5, 92-3 and 95-2. 4 samples have a complex of resistance genes – FMS lines: 101- 2, 106-1 (Asc, Ph3); pollinator lines: 127-3 and 137-5 (I-2, Ph3). The highlighted lines differ in shape, weight and color of the fruits.

1. Makovei M. Priority directions in tomato breeding and genotypic features of varieties intended for cultivation in Moldova. Ştiinţă, educație, cultură. 2020;(1):388-395.

2. Nekoval S.N., Zakharchenko A.V., Maskalenko O.A., Churikova A.K. Assessment of the field resistance of mutant tomato lines to Alternaria in Krasnodar krai. Biological protection of plants-the basis for stabilization of agroecosystems. 2022. Pp. 290-296. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/qdlkpq

3. Elansky S.N., Kokaeva L.Yu., Statsyuk N.V., Dyakov Yu.T. Population structure and dynamics of Phytophthora infestans, a causative agent of the late blight of potato and tomato. Potato protection. 2017;(3):3-44. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/yoafxs

4. Panthee D.R., Randy G.G., Ragy I., Anderson C., Dilip R. Molecular markers associated with Ph-3 gene conferring late blight resistance in tomato. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2015;6(13):2144-2150. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.613216

5. Shekasteband R., Hutton S.F., Scott J.W. Designing new DNA markers and determining the effective size of Ph-2 and Ph-3 introgressions for late blight resistance stacking purposes in tomato. TGC REPORT. 2015;(65):24-27. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13240.56320

6. Jung J., Jung Kim H., Je Min Lee, Sik Oh C., Lee H.-J., Yeam I. Genebased molecular marker system for multiple disease resistances in tomato against. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, late blight, and verticillium wilt. Euphytica. 2015;(16):601-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-015-1442-z

7. Robbins M.D., Masud M.A., Panthee D.R.., Gardner R.G., Francis D.M., Stevens M.R Marker-assisted selection for coupling phase re-sistance to tomato spotted wilt virus and Phytophthora infestans (late blight) in tomato. HortScience. 2010;45(10):1424-1428. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.10.1424

8. Maslova M.V., Shamshin I.N., Grosheva E.V., Ilyichev A.S. Molecular and genetic basis of tomato resistance to major fungal diseases. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2023;(6):28-39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2023-6-28-39 https://www.elibrary.ru/gprasi

9. Brandwagt B.F., Mesbah L., Laurent P., Takken F.L., Kneppers T.J., Nijkamp H.J. The Interaction of Alternaria Alternata F. Sp. Lycopersici and its AAL-Toxins with Tomato. Biology.1998;(13):317-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1-36

10. Antoch L.P., Saltanovich T.I. Testing and classification of tomato genotypes for resistance to alternariasis by signs of male gametophyte. New and non-traditional plants and prospects for their use. 2017;(S13):267-269. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/ypspqb

11. Elansky S.N., Pobedinskaya M.A., Plutalov P.N., Romanova S.S., Kokaeva L.Yu., Alexandrova A.V. Resistance of Russian strains of potato and tomato alternariasis pathogens to azoxystrobin. Potato protection. 2011;(2):14-19. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/vepaxl

12. Avdeev Yu. I. Genetic analysis of plants. – Astrakhan: Publishing house "Astrakhan University", 2004. 379 p. (In Russ.)

13. Shevchenko G.N. Resistanse tomato varieties to local races of Fusarium oxysporum. Breeding, seed production and technologies for growing vegetable, melon, technical and forage crops. 2014;(1):156-160. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/sycuuf

14. Nguyen T.L. The combinational ability of sterile indeterminate and fertile determinant tomato lines with group resistance to diseasess. 2015. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/zpunzb

15. State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals as of February 21, 2022. pp. 163-344.

16. Kozlova I.V. Development of new sterile tomato lines with valuable economic traits in the south of Russia. News of FSVC. 2020;(2):43-48. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2658-4832-2020-2-43-48 https://www.elibrary.ru/mtfbtj

17. Ovod E.I., Dubina E.V. DNA technologies in tomato breeding for late blight resistance. Problems of breeding – 2022 : Abstracts of the international scientific conference, Moscow, October 12-15, 2022. Moscow: Russian State Agrarian University - Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 2022. P. 97. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/yqwmgs

18. Korzh S.O., Ovod E.I., Kushnir A.I., Gorun O.L., Dubina E.V., Kozlova I.V., Nazarov A.L. Molecular genetic evaluation of tomato breeding material for resistance to late blight, fusarium and tobacco mosaic virus. Agrophysica. 2023$(1)^8-14. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25695/AGRPH.2023.01.02. https://www.elibrary.ru/vhqshk

19. Korzh S.O., Dubina E.V. Search for a molecular marker of the gene of resistance to Alternaria stem canker tomato. Rice growing. 2022;4(57):89-94. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2022- 57-4-89-94 https://www.elibrary.ru/ryeylv

20. Gorun O.L., Dubina E.V., Kozlova I.V., Balyasny I.V., Garkusha S.V. DNA technologies (molecular marking) in tomato breeding for resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2021;(4):34-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-34-41 https://www.elibrary.ru/flwlmr

21. Kondratenko E. I. et al. Cytogenetic and molecular biological methods of plant analysis. ISBN 978-5-9926-0834-2. (In Russ.) https://www.elibrary.ru/ujblzd.