A variety of potato cultivars from the VIR World Collection in northern conditions

Relevance. Potatoes are one of the most popular agricultural crops in Russia. The unique chemical composition characterizes potatoes as a valuable food product in the diet of the population. One of the important factors for increasing and stable potato yields is the selection of the optimal assortment for each region of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the varieties most adapted to local growing conditions should be used in production. The world potato collection allows solving various issues of modern breeding, such as: early maturity, resistance of tubers to various diseases, seed quality, adaptation to climatic stresses, history and systematics. The study and evaluation of new potato breeding varieties makes it possible to identify promising source material for the creation of future varieties suitable for cultivation in the northern regions of the country.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the studied potato samples in extreme climate conditions.

Material and methodology. In 2013-2023, 543 potato samples from the World Collection of VIR were studied at the experimental field of the Polar Experimental Station VIR branch according to the main biological and economically valuable characteristics. For a comprehensive assessment of the varieties according to the main economic and biological characteristics, phenological observations were carried out, the harvest was taken into account during early and final harvesting, including the structure of the crop. Visual assessment of diseases was carried out in the field and during storage. Starch was determined in the laboratory. All basic accounting is performed according to the VIR methodology.

Results and discussion. Over the years, 15 potato varieties with the best characteristics of economically valuable traits have been identified. According to the results of the final harvest, 6 varieties had a stable harvest – Favorit, Meteor, Tekes, Severny, Gusar, Lingonberry. The yield of these varieties was 1034-1409 g/bush.

1. Zykin A.G. How to provide yourself with seed potatoes (Tips for gardeners and farmers). St. Petersburg: VIR. 1993. 25 p. (In Russ.)

2. Kostyuk V.I., Travina S.N., Abakshina S.V., Akhtulova E.M. Northern potatoes: tips for gardeners. Apatity: publishing house of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2013. 116 p. (In Russ.)

3. Kostyuk V.I., Travina S.N., Vikhman M.N. The influence of solar activity, insolation, air temperature and precipitation on the productivity of cultivated plants in the conditions of the Kola North. Apatity: publishing house of the Kola Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2013. 79 p. ISBN 978-5-91137-254-5. https://elibrary.ru/wgopgb (In Russ.)

4. Yelkina G.Ya. A high level of agricultural technology reduces the negative impact of weather conditions on the harvest. Potato and vegetables. 2012;(8):9-10. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/pycngj

5. Fatykhov I.Sh., Mukhametshin I.G. The reaction of potato varieties to abiotic conditions and pre-planting treatment of tubers in the Middle Urals. Izhevsk: Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, 2020. 128 p. ISBN 978-5-9620-0364-1. (In Russ.)

6. Sapega V.A. The yield and parameters of adaptability of potato varieties and their correlation. Agrarian Russia. 2016;(3):21-24. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/vubugl

7. Dospekhov B.A. Method of field experiments (with the basics of statistical processing of research). Moscow. Agropromizdat. 1985. 336 p. (In Russ.)

8. The system of agriculture in the Murmansk region. Anikina S.A., Archakova L.I., Bishov E.A. et al. ed. Chemisova I.A. Murmansk. 1983. 232 p. (In Russ.)

9. Kiru S.D. et al. Guidelines for maintenance and study of the global potato collection. St. Petersburg: VIR. 2010. 30 p. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/dluncd

10. Korovin A.I. Plants and extreme temperatures. L.: Hydrometeoizdat. 1984. 271 p. (In Russ.)

11. Zhigadlo T.E. Biological features of the development of early potato varieties in the Murmansk region. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2022;(4):40-45 (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-4-40-45 https://elibrary.ru/cwetfs

12. Anikina S.A. The study of collectible potato samples in Khibiny. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 1983;(82):91-96. (In Russ.)

13. Fedotova E.V., Maglinets Yu.A., Brezhnev R.V., Starodubtsev A.I. The experience in crop yields forecasting using simulation models. Bulletin of KSAU. 2020;8(161):43-48. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-8-43-48 https://elibrary.ru/bkjxlm

14. Melnichuk G.D., Kostyuk V.I., Kulikova N.T. Physiology and biochemistry of potatoes in the Kola North. Apatites. 1997. 162 p. (In Russ.)

15. Kolomeichenko V.V. Crop production. M., 2007. 600 p. (In Russ.)