Creation of parthenocarpic lines of smooth and short type of cucumber

Relevance. Obtaining modern cucumber hybrids is impossible without the constant involvement of genetically new sources in the breeding process. One of the most important tasks in the issue of creating new heterotic cucumber hybrids is to obtain, and in the future, selection for hybrid crossings, parental lines with the most important economically valuable traits. Research is aimed at obtaining new short-fruited cucumber lines with a smooth type of fruit in order to obtain hybrids with their help that combine resistance to powdery mildew for the “pm” and “pmh” genes, tolerance to the zucchini yellow mosaic virus for the “zymv” genes in combined with high yields, the possibility of growing them not only in unheated film greenhouses, but also in glazed greenhouses.

Methods. This article presents two schemes for obtaining parental forms using the example of creating four cucumber lines with a short, smooth fruit. Their comparative characteristics and description of new hybrids created with the participation of the studied linear material are carried out. Materials and methods. The main studies were carried out in 2013-2020 on the basis of the Pumpkin Cultures Laboratory of the Krymsk Breeding Center "Gavrish" of the Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding (Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory). The research material is F1 hybrids and selection samples of parthenocarpic cucumber with a smooth type of fruit of various origins (34 samples in total) from the NIISOK collection. The work used traditional methods for assessing selection-significant traits and modern methods of molecular labeling. The purpose of the work is to compare two schemes for obtaining short-fruited cucumber forms, to evaluate the created lines and hybrid combinations with their participation in terms of a complex of economically valuable traits.

Results. The result of the work was the creation of new hybrid combinations based on the obtained lines, two of which are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. These are F1 Ministar (F1 1600/16) and F1 Promini (F1 1995/16).

1. Domblides E.A., Shmykova N.A., Belov S.N., Korottseva I.B., Soldatenko A.V. DH-plant production in culture of unpollinated ovules of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Vegetable crops of Russia. 2019;(6):3-9. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-3-9

2. Korottseva I.B., Belov S.N. Studying the length of the hypocotyl of cucumber seedlings. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2020;(5):16-21. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-5-16-21

3. Alsadon A. et al. The effects of plastic greenhouse covering on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth. Ecological Engineering. 2016;(87):305-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.12.005

4. Karpukhin M.Yu., Yurina A.V., Krivobokov V.I. Breeding, seed production and cultivation technology of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in low-volume hydroponics in protected ground. 2019. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Agrarian University, 2019. 50 p. (In Russ.)

5. Grebneva Yu.R. Cucumber hybrids in the protected ground of autumn-winter turnover. Modern aspects of production and processing of agricultural products. 2018. Р.279-282. (In Russ.)

6. Che G., Zhang X. Molecular basis of cucumber fruit domestication. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2019;(47):38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2018.08.006

7. Kozar E.G., Vetrova S.A., Engalycheva I.A., Fedorova M.I. Evaluation of the resistance of the breeding material beetroot to Cercospora amid epiphytoty in greenhouses the Moscow region. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2019;(6):124-132. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-124-132

8. Kozlovskaya E.A., Pyshnaya O.N., Mamedov M.I., Djos E.A., Mitrofanova O.A. Intra-varietal crossing as method to improve adaptation characteristics in initial breeding accessions. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2017;(5):18-20. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2017-5-18-20

9. Esaulko N.A., Romanenko E.S. Comparative evaluation of cucumber hybrids in protected ground conditions. Modern aspects of production and processing of agricultural products. 2017. P.798-801. (In Russ.)

10. Shulyak E.A., Gorokhovskii V.F. Selection of parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids concerning the quality of cucumber buttons. Vestnik Bryanskoy gosudarstvennoy sel'skokhozyaystvennoy akademii. 2016;5(57):37-43. (In Russ.)

11. Ene C.O. et al. Studies of phenotypic and genotypic variation in sixteen cucumber genotypes. Chilean journal of agricultural research. 2016;76(3):307-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392016000300007

12. Lee Yan Hua. Breeding and genetic assessment of quantitative characteristics of cucumber. St. Petersburg, 1996. 16 p. (In Russ.)

13. Wang Y. et al. Staygreen, stay healthy: a loss-of-susceptibility mutation in the staygreen gene provides durable, broad-spectrum disease resistances for over 50 years of US cucumber production. New Phytologist. 2019;221(1):415- 430. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15353

14. Tarakanov G.I. Selection of vegetable crops to increase productivity / Sat. " Breeding of productive varieties ". M.,1986. P.43-62. (In Russ.)

15. Guidelines for conducting variety testing of agricultural crops. Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1979. 35 p. (In Russ.) 16. Guidelines for breeding and seed production of heterotic cucumber hybrids. 1985. (In Russ.)

16. Khomchenko N.N., Shevkunov V.N. Modern cucumber sortiment with a smooth type of fruit as an original material for selection. Vegetable crops of Russia. 2020;(3):10-20. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-3-10-20

17. Khomchenko N.N., Budylin M.V., Gavrish S.F. Evaluation of parent lines and F1 hybrids of cucumber for diseases resistance by marker-assisted selection on the real-time PCR platform. Trudy Kubanskogo GAU. 2018;3(72):63- 368. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-72-363-368

18. Dospekhov B.A. Methods of field experience, M.: "Kolos", 1985. 423 p. (In Russ.)

19. reestr.gossortrf.ru (In Russ.)