Prospects of foliar treatments with glycine solution to increase the productivity of dill

Relevance. Dill is a popular food and medicinal crop (Anethum graveolens L.) of the Celery family (Apiaceae). Seeds of dill are included in the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. However, this crop is characterized by a relatively low yield, which reduces the efficiency of its production. The use of environmentally friendly growth-regulating compounds can significantly increase the yield and improve its quality. As a growth-regulating, foliar treatment with a solution of the amino acid glycine was tested. The amino acid glycine is environmentally friendly and does not pose a danger to humans and animals. The aim of the work was to increase the productivity of garden dill using foliar treatments with glycine amino acid.
Materials and methods. Dill varieties Gribovsky and Symphony were chosen as objects to study the effect of the foliar treatments with glycine. Sowing of seeds was carried out at an early date, which for the conditions of the Lipetsk region corresponds to the first decade of April, with a SZT-3.6 seeder with 15 cm row spacing. The seeding rate was 15 kg/ha, the seeding depth was 1-2 cm. were Treatment with glycine solution was achieved in plants rosette phase. The concentration of glycine was 25, 50 and 100 mg / l. The control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The crop was cut during the period of brown seeds on the central umbrella. The content of essential oil was determined by the 14th edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (method 1). The content of the main components was determined by gas chromatography.
Results. As a result of the research, a positive effect of foliar treatments with glycine on both yield and the content of essential oil in the raw material of dill varieties Gribovsky and Symphony was revealed. As a result of treatments, regardless of concentration, the seeds yield and the yield of essential oil per unit area increased. The increase in the mass of 1000 pieces of fruits was not unambiguous. Based on the results obtained, the effective concentration of amino acid glycine is determined not only by the characteristics of the variety, but also by weather conditions, when, depending on the conditions during the processing period and prior to harvesting, different aspects of the drug's action appear. According to the results of observations for 2 years and an assessment by the sum of the indicators, the optimal concentration of glycine in most cases was 100 mg / l, at the same time, for the Symphony variety for two years, two-foliar treatment with low concentrations of glycine (10 mg / l rosette + 10 mg / l budding).

1. State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. M.: Medicine, 2018, XIV edition, volume IV, FS.2.5.0045.15. P.6515-6520. (In Russ.)

2. Buchter H. Gemüse – Genuss und Gesundheit: Dill. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart. Gemüse. 2005;(10):36.

3. Kretschm M. Das Saatgutportrait: Dill (Anethum graveolens). Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart. Gemüse. 1999;(4):276.

4. Sciuchetti L.A. Influence of Gibberellic Acid on Medicinal Plants. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1961;50(12):981-998. doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600501202.

5. Hazzoumi Z., Moustakime Y. and Joutei K.A. Effect of gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the synthesis of essential oils and the isomerization of methyl chavicol and transanethole in Ocimum gratissimum L. SpringerPlus. 2014;(3):321-328. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-321.

6. Shahin S.S. Bioregulation of plant productivity. M., 2005. 228 p. (In Russ.)

7. Shahin S.S., Kurapov P.B., Malankina E.L., Dmitrieva V.L. and others. Hormonal regulation of bioproductivity in the ontogeny of essential oil plants: peppermint, Moldavian snakehead, double monarda. On Sat. Biotechnology. M., 2000. Issue. 1. P.179-195. (In Russ.)

8. Malankina E.L. Agrobiological substantiation of increasing the productivity of essential oil plants from the Lamiaceae L. family in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2007. 343 p. (In Russ.)

9. Romanova N.G., Shatilova T.I., Malankina E.L. The effects of the growth regulator «zircon» and microfertilizer «Ferovit» application on the content of phenol compounds in summer savory. Fertility. 2019;3(108):17-19. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25680/S19948603.2019.108.05

10. Kovalev N.I., Malankina E.L. Effectiveness of complex application of organomineral fertilizer EcoFus with the growth regulator Zircon on sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Vegetable crops of Russia. 2019;(6):76-79. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-76-79

11. Sidelnikov N.I., Bushkovskaya L.M., Pushkina G.P. Influence of exogenous regulators on bioproductivity and adaptability of medicinal crops to stress factors. In the collection: Biological characteristics of medicinal and aromatic plants and their role in medicine. Collection of scientific papers of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 85th anniversary of VILAR. M.: 2016. P.310-314. (In Russ.)

12. Pushkina G.P., Tropina NS, Bushkovskaya L.M., Sidelnikov N.I., Tkhaganov R.R., Morozov A.I. Features of usage of growth regulators and microfertilizers on essential oil crops. Problems of biological, medical and pharmaceutical chemistry. 2016;19(1):38-44. (In Russ.)

13. Sidelnikov N.I. Exogenous regulation of bioproductivity of medicinal crops during cultivation in the Central Black Earth region of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2014. 295 p. (In Russ.)

14. Khanumidi E.I., Korotkikh I.N. Correlation dependences of economical and valuable signs in Serratula coronata L. Bulletin of KrasGAU. 2018;(3):25-29. (In Russ.)

15. Malankina E.L., Przhevalsky N.M., Kuznetsov N.I., Denisov P.D., Gryaznov A.P. The application of auxin growth regulators to increase the productivity of coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.) in cetral part of Russia. Izvestiya of Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2013;(3):146-150. (In Russ.)

16. Epifantsev V.V., Kovalchuk O.A., Perepyolkina L.I. Specifics of the techniques of dill seeds growing in the climate of the Amur region. Far Eastern Agrarian Bulletin. 2016;4(40):23-30. (In Russ.)

17. Shelepova O.V., Husnetdinova T.I. The effect of the use of growth regulators on the component composition of essential oil of the tops and seeds of Anethum graveolens L. Chemistry of plant raw material. 2018;(1):217-220. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018012020

18. Mohammadipour N., Souri M.K. Effects of different levels of glycine in the nutrient solution on the growth, nutrient composition, and antioxidant activity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Acta Agrobotаnica. 2019;72(1):1759-1768. DOI: 10.5586/aa.1759

19. Vogel G. Handbuch des speziellen Gemüsebaues – 122 Gartendill. Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-5285-1. Р.1031–1034.

20. Fahimi F., Souri M.K., Yaghobi F. Growth and development of greenhouse cucumber under foliar application of Biomin and Humifolin fertilizers in comparison to their soil application and NPK. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 2016;7(25):143-152.