Agrochemical and water-physical properties of sod-podzolic soil with drip irrigation of a fruit nursery

Relevance. The use of irrigation is one of the directions of intensification of fruit growing. Drip irrigation is considered one of the promising methods of irrigation, which provides the creation of the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, makes it possible to supply irrigation water directly to their roots and allows the use of automation tools in the irrigation process. The results of ongoing scientific research show that changes in the water-physical and agrochemical properties of soils can be observed on irrigated lands. For the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia, studies on the influence of drip irrigation on soil properties are fragmentary.

Methods. Field studies were conducted on the territory of the educational experimental farm of the Michurinsky Garden fruit growing laboratory of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. A two-factor experience in the study of different ranges of moisture for the formation of varietal plum seedlings grafted on plum tree stock was laid in the spring of 2018. Before setting up the experiment, organic fertilizers were introduced in the form of horse manure with sawdust in the amount of 100 t/ha. Soil moisture was controlled using tensiometers, calibrated based on the data of the thermostat-weight method. Irrigation rates were set in such a way as to increase the moisture content by 20% of the lowest moisture capacity. The identification of the main agrochemical and water-physical properties of the soil in the experimental plot was carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques.

Results. The data obtained on the characteristics of the water-physical and agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soil make it possible to reasonably design the irrigation regime, reclamation and agrotechnical measures. The results of the study show that the local irrigation of soils with sparing irrigation rates with the application has led to certain changes in some soil parameters. However, the obtained research results suggest that in quantitative terms, these changes are not yet significant.

1. Science of the foundations of the burial ground and the rationalization of the cultivation of the agricultural lands of Ukraine. Ed. S.A. Balyuk, M.I. Romashchenka. K.: Agrarna science, 2009. 624 p. (in Russian)

2. Storchous V.N. Influence of irrigation on the change in soil properties during the cultivation of perennial crops in the conditions of the Crimea. Uchenye zapiski of the Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky. Geography. Geology. 2015;2(1(67):42-51. (in Russian)

3. Dubenok N.N., Gemonov A.V., Lebedev A.V. Influence of drip irrigation on the growth and development of plum seedlings in the nursery in the Central Non-Black Earth Region of Russia. Melioration and Water Management. 2020;(4):6-11. (in Russian)

4. Dubenok N.N., Gemonov A.V., Lebedev A.V. General porosity and porosity of aeration of sod-podzolic soil when growing plum seedlings with drip irrigation. Agriculture. 2020;(7):3-6. (in Russian)

5. Dubenok N.N., Gemonov A.V., Lebedev A.V. Features of the formation of plum seedlings grown in a fruit nursery with drip irrigation. Russian agricultural science. 2020;(4):42-45. (in Russian)

6. Dubenok N.N., Gemonov A.V., Lebedev A.V., Glushenkova E.V. Formation of plum seedlings under drip irrigation in Central Non-Black Soil region of Russia. Bulletin of the Peoples Friendship University of Russia. Series: Agronomy and Livestock. 2019;1(14):40-48.

7. Kulikova E.V. Influence of drip irrigation on the water-physical properties of the soil. In the collection: Development of the agricultural sector of the economy in the context of globalization. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Voronezh State Agrarian University; edited by V.I. Kotareva, N.I. Bukhtoyarova, A.V. Dedova. 2013. Р.135-139. (in Russian)

8. Musakhodzhaev N.T., Maybasova A.S. Changes in the agrophysical properties of soils under conditions of drip irrigation. Soil Science and Agrochemistry. 2019;(3):23-30. (in Russian)

9. Popova V.P., Fomenko T.G. Changes in soil properties under fruit plantations under drip irrigation. Irrigated agriculture. 2017;(1):15-16. (in Russian)

10. Pugachev G.N., Kuzin A.I. Influence of drip irrigation on the change in the agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil of an intensive garden. Agriculture. 2019;(6):5-8. (in Russian)

11. Shuravilin A.V., Vukolov N.G., Piven E.A. Properties and fertility of soils under long-term irrigation. Fertility. 2008;1(40):19-21. (in Russian)

12. Ganzhara N.F., Borisov B.A., Baibekov R.F. Practicum on soil science: Textbook. manual for university students on agron. specialist. Ed. Ganzhary N.F. Moscow: Agroconsult, 2002. 279 p. (in Russian)

13. Kaurechev I.S. Soil science. M.: Kolos, 1975. 496 p. (in Russian)

14. Kachinsky N.A. Soil physics. Part 2. Water-physical properties and soil regimes. M.: "High school", 1970. 360 p. (in Russian)

15. Mamontov V.G., Panov N.P., Kaurichev I.S., Ignatiev N.N. General soil science. M.: KolosS, 2006. 456 p. (in Russian)