Branching of annual apple seedlings of medium-sized varieties with the influence of agrotechnical methods

Relevance. The basis for obtaining a large crop volume and its high level of precocity is the use of Apple planting material that fully meets modern standards of intensive gardening. The main purpose of these studies was to study methods of branching stimulation and determine their effectiveness in obtaining branched apple seedlings at the age of one year.
Material and methods. The use of non-root treatments and fertilizers as regulators and growth stimulators of apple seedlings does not lead to a significant increase in the number of side branches. Significant growth of the crown of annual seedlings occurs when using mechanical methods to stimulate the growth of side branches. The use of such an agrotechnical technique as a single plucking made it possible to obtain 1-2.6 side branches on different orts. When using this method, but with the simultaneous removal of 3-4 leaf plates, it increased the production of side branches by 1.6-3.7 pieces. One of the most unresponsive to the use of agricultural techniques was the variety "Svezhest".
Results. It is effective to apply to annual apple seedlings agrotechnical methods of stimulation of lateral branching by plucking with simultaneous removal of leaf plates in the amount of three to four pieces. These measures must be carried out before reaching the height of the seedling from seventy to eighty centimeters. It should be noted that the use of plucking only, without removing the leaf plates, does not give such an effect.

1. Krasova N.G., Knyazev S.D. studying varieties in the nursery. Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. Orel: VNIISPK. 1999. P.219-225. (In Russ.)

2. Robinson T.L., Sazo М.М. Effect of promalin, benzyladenine and cyclanilide on lateral branching of apple threes in the nursery. Acta Hort. 2014;(1042):293-302.

3. Mukhanin I.V., Grigorieva L.V., Ershova O.A., Kozhina A.I. Basic requirements for planting material for laying trellis-dwarf gardens. Vestnik Kazanskogo GAU. 2011;6,3(21):150-153. (In Russ.)

4. GOST R 53135-2008. Planting material of fruit, berry, subtropical, nut-bearing, citrus crops and tea. Technical conditions. Moscow: STANDARTINFORM. 2009. 16 p. (In Russ.)

5. Grigorieva L.V. Ways and problems of intensification of gardening in the Central Federal district of the Russian Federation. Bulletin of Michurinsky GAU. 2011;1(1):22-26. (In Russ.)

6. Borisova A.A., Kulikov I.M. Intensive Apple orchards on seed rootstock. Moscow. FGBNU VSTISP. NO "Fund for development and support of horticulture". 2016. 56 p. (In Russ.)

7. Alferov V.A. Technological trends and trends of horticulture intensification. Fruit growing and viticulture in the South of Russia. 2012;(13):65-69. (In Russ.)

8. Pestano F.A., Gudumac E. The production of Apple seedlings grafting method table of the type "knip baum" in Moldova. Fruit and berry growing in Russia. SB. works scientific.-pract. Conf. "The state of garden plants after the winter of 2006/07 and the problems of their winter hardiness" (June 13, 2007) and Intern. scientific-practical Conf. "Innovative directions in fruit crop nursery" (June 14-15, 2007). 2007;(18):269-274. (In Russ.)

9. Skripnikov V.Yu. Problems and prospects of development of nursery breeding in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Fruit and berry growing in Russia. 2002;(9):56-64. (In Russ.)

10. Korolev E.Yu. Evaluation of methods for forming the crown of Apple seedlings in the nursery and young garden: 06.01.08 "Fruit growing, viticulture": dis. on the map. scientist. step. candidate of agricultural Sciences. Michurinsk, 2017. 135 p. (In Russ.)

11. Buntsevich L.L., Shcheglov S.N., Kostyuk M.A., Besedina E.N. Study of the effectiveness of growing high. Yielding Apple seedlings on rootstocks of the "super-standard" category. Fruit growing and viticulture in the South of Russia. 2014;26(2):12-20. (In Russ.)

12. Krasova N.G., Leonicheva E.V., Korolev E.Yu. On the use of technological techniques for obtaining branched Apple seedlings. Gardening and viticulture. 2015;(2):35-41. (In Russ.)

13. Korolev E.Yu., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. Influence of separate methods of stimulation of branching of annual Apple saplings. Gardening and viticulture. 2018;(3):42-47. (In Russ.)

14. Bezukh E.P., Atroschenko G.P. Effective methods of growing seedlings of fruit crops. In the collection: Scientific support for the development of agriculture in terms of import substitution collection of scientific papers. Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg state agrarian University. Saint Petersburg. 2018. P.142- 146. (In Russ.)

15. Dospekhov B.A. methodology of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results). Moscow. Kolos, 1985. 351 p. (In Russ.)