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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-62-6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-922</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЛОДОВОДСТВО, ВИНОГРАДАРСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HORTICULTURE, VITICULTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение параметров водного режима яблони в условиях засухи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of water regime parameters in apples during drought</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-4073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ожерельева</surname><given-names>З. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozherelieva</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, п/о Жилина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), l eading researcher,</p><p>Zhilina, Orel region, Russia, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ozherelieva@vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-0149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, п/о Жилина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dc. Sci., (Agriculture), chief researcher,</p><p>Zhilina, Orel region, Russia, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasova@vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-9991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галашева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galasheva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,</p><p>302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, п/о Жилина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), leading researcher,</p><p>Zhilina, Orel region, Russia, 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galasheva@vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ожерельева З.Е., Красова Н.Г., Галашева А.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ожерельева З.Е., Красова Н.Г., Галашева А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ozherelieva Z.E., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/922">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/922</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В последнее время число жарких и засушливых лет значительно увеличилось. Под действием засухи у растений яблони преждевременно опадают листья, осыпаются завязи и плоды, что существенно сказывается на урожае. В связи с этим изучение водного режима яблони в условиях засухи сохраняет свою актуальность.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методика</title><p>Материал и методика. Исследования проводили на базе лаборатории физиологии устойчивости плодовых растений ФГБНУ ВНИИСПК в 2016-2017 годы. Объектами исследований служили сорта яблони селекции института, растущие на полукарликовом подвое 54-118. Контрольный сорт – Антоновка обыкновенная. Опыты заложены в 2013 году, схема посадки 5х3 м. Форма кроны – веретеновидная. Междурядья и приствольные полосы содержатся под черным паром. Для определения засухоустойчивости сортов яблони использовали метод искусственного обезвоживания. Изучали сорта яблони с целью определить физиологические параметры водного режима в связи с их засухоустойчивостью.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате двухлетних исследований изучаемые сорта яблони характеризовались средней оводненностью (61,2-66,1%) листьев. Водный дефицит в полевых условиях у большей части сортов был оптимальным и не превышал 10,0%. После моделирования засухи отметили повышение водного дефицита в листьях сортов яблони. Наименьший водный дефицит за два года исследований выявили, как в полевых условиях (5,2%), так и после моделирования засухи (22,4%), в листьях сорта Веньяминовское. Распределение осадков и температуры в период вегетации при прохождении растениями яблони отдельных фенофаз влияло на оводненность тканей листьев яблони. При наступлении засушливых условий наблюдали снижение оводненности тканей листьев и повышение водного дефицита. Отмечено снижение оводненности тканей и водного дефицита листьев в большей степени в период формирования плодов. Установлено, что все изучаемые сорта яблони имеют средний уровень устойчивости к действию засухи. Изучение параметров водного режима показало, что сорт Веньяминовское характеризовался более стабильными значениями исследуемых показателей, что свидетельствует о большей устойчивости к воздействию засушливых условий. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. Recently, the number of hot and dry years has increased significantly. Under the influence of drought, the leaves of the apple tree prematurely fall, the ovaries and fruits fall off, which significantly affects on the yield. In this regard, the study of the water regime of apple remains relevant under drought conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNIISPK in 2016-2017. Apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding growing on the semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 were studied. Antonovka Obyknovennaya was taken as a standard cultivar. The experiments were laid in 2013, the spacing scheme was 5 m x 3 m. The crown shape is of spindle type. The row-spacing and near-trunk stripes are kept under the fall fallow. The method of artificial dehydration was used to determine drought resistance of apple cultivars. The apple cultivars were studied with the aim to determine the physiological parameters of water regime relative to their drought resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. As a result of the two-year studies, the cultivars were characterized by the average content of water in leaves (61.2-65.1%). Water deficiency in most varieties was optimal in the field and did not exceed 10.0%. The increase in water deficiency in apple leaves was noted in drought modeling. For two years, of the leaf tissues water deficiency was in leaves of the Veniaminovskoye cultivar both in the field (5.2%) and after drought modeling (22.4%). During the growing season, the distribution of precipitation and temperature during the passage of individual phenophases by apple plants influenced the overall water content in the leaf tissues. The decrease of the water content in the leaf tissues and the increase of water deficiency were observed when dry conditions occurred. The decrease of the water regime and water deficiency in leaves was notes to a greater extent during the formation of fruits. It was found that all of the studied apple cultivars had an average level of resistance to drought. The study of water regime parameters showed that Veniaminovskoye was characterized by more stable indices and this indicated greater resistance to drought. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яблоня</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>клоновый подвой</kwd><kwd>водный режим</kwd><kwd>засухоустойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>apple</kwd><kwd>cultivar</kwd><kwd>semi-dwarf rootstock</kwd><kwd>water regime</kwd><kwd>drought resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wahid A. Physiological implications of metabolites biosynthesis in net assimilation and heat stress tolerance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) sprouts. Journal of Plant Research. 2007;120:219-228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahid A. 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