ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2019-5-84-87ovoshchi-892Research ArticleАГРОХИМИЯAGROCHEMISTRYВыделение углеводов из растительного сырья и их идентификация с применением капиллярного электрофорезаThe allocation of carbohydrates from vegetable raw materials and their identification with the use of capillary electrophoresisБирюлинС. И.BiryulinStanislav I.

Бирюлин Станислав Игоревич – младший научный сотрудник

142703, Московская область, Видное, ул. Школьная, 78

Junior researcher

78, Shkolnaya Street, Vidnoe, Moscow region, 142703

www.vniitek.ru

labtech45@yandex.ruПосокинаН. Е.PosokinaNataliya E.

Посокина Наталья Евгеньевна, зав. лаб. Технологии консервирования, кандидат техн. наук

142703, Московская область, Видное, ул. Школьная, 78

Head of the laboratory, Candidate of Technical Sciences (Ph.D.)

78, Shkolnaya Street, Vidnoe, Moscow region, 142703

www.vniitek.ru

labtech45@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-0716ТришканеваМ. В.TrishkanevaMarina V.

Тришканева Марина Валерьевна – Ученый секретарь, кандидат хим. наук

142703, Московская область, Видное, ул. Школьная, 78

Scientific Secretary, candidate of chemical Sciences

78, Shkolnaya Street, Vidnoe, Moscow region, 142703

www.vniitek.ru

labtech45@yandex.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт технологии консервирования – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН (ВНИИТеК – филиал ФГБНУ «ФНЦ пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН)РоссияRussian Research Institute of Canning Technology – Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS (VNIITeK – Branch of Gorbatov Research Center for Food Systems)Russian Federation201907112019058487Copyright © Бирюлин С.И., Посокина Н.Е., Тришканева М.В., 20192019Бирюлин С.И., Посокина Н.Е., Тришканева М.В.Biryulin S.I., Posokina N.E., Trishkaneva M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/892Актуальность

Актуальность. Углеводы являются неотъемлемыми компонентами клеток и тканей всех живых организмов растительного и животного мира, они являются важными составляющими клеточных стенок растений, а также внеклеточного матрикса тканей животных и человека. Тип моносахаридной композиции полисахаридов определяет их биологические функции для организма. Однако сложно установить взаимосвязь между структурой молекулы углевода и ее биологической функцией.

Методы

Методы. В данной статье приведен обзор способов идентификации моносахаридного состава растительных полимеров методом капиллярного электрофореза, с целью оптимизации процедуры пробоподготовки и условий проведения анализа. Приведена схема постадийного выделения полисахаридов из сырья: выделение растворимых моносахаридов и полисахаридов, извлечение пектиновой фракции, извлечение целлюлоз и гемицеллюлоз, с целью изучения состава каждой фракции. Описана процедура кислотного гидролиза полимеров до моносахаридов при помощи таких окислителей, как серная и трифторуксусная кислоты. В заключительной части статьи проведен анализ трех различных схем проведения идентификации моносахаридного состава, а именно разделение компонентов в сильнощелочных условиях, предварительная дериватизация 1-фенил-3-метил-5-пиразолоном, предварительное получение (S)-(−)-α -метилбензиламин (S-PEA) производных.

Результаты и выводы

Результаты и выводы. Анализ литературы показывает, что состав полисахаридов широко исследуется различными методами. При этом остается ряд проблем, связанных с реализацией этих методов в части пробоподготовки и идентификации всех моносахаридов, характерных для исследуемого сырья. Метод капиллярного электрофореза позволяет решить часть этих проблем, однако до настоящего времени остается мало исследован. Исследование углеводов в растительных объектах начинается с процедуры извлечения углеводов (полисахариды и моносахариды) из растительной матрицы, гидролиза полисахаридов, и последующей идентификацией с применением метода КЭ. Оптимизация данной схемы метода КЭ для определения состава полисахаридов представляет собой актуальную научную задачу.

Relevance

Relevance. Carbohydrates are integral components of the cells and tissues of all living organisms of the plant and animal world; they are important components of the plant cell walls, as well as the extracellular matrix of animal and human tissues. The type of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides determines their biological functions for the organism. However, it is difficult to establish the relationship between the structure of the carbohydrate molecule and its biological function.

Methods

Methods. In this article, the author provides an overview of methods for identifying the monosaccharide composition of plant polymers by capillary electrophoresis, in order to optimize the sample preparation procedure and the conditions of analysis. A scheme for the stepwise release of polysaccharides from raw materials is given: the isolation of soluble monosaccharides and polysaccharides, the extraction of the pectin fraction, the extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses, in order to study the composition of each fraction. A procedure for acid hydrolysis of polymers to monosaccharides using oxidizing agents such as sulfuric and trifluoroacetic acid is described. In the final part of the article, three different schemes for the identification of the monosaccharide composition were analyzed, namely, separation of the components under strongly alkaline conditions, preliminary derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, preliminary preparation of (S) (-) α-methylbenzylamine S-PEA) derivatives.

Results or Findings

Results or Findings. An analysis of the literature shows that the composition of polysaccharides is widely studied by various methods. At the same time, a number of problems remain associated with the implementation of these methods in terms of sample preparation and identification of all monosaccharides characteristic of the studied raw materials. The method of capillary electrophoresis can solve some of these problems; however, little has been studied. The study of carbohydrates in plant objects begins with the procedure for extracting carbohydrates (polysaccharides and monosaccharides) from the plant matrix, hydrolysis of polysaccharides, and subsequent identification using the CE method. The optimization of this scheme of the CE method for determining the composition of polysaccharides is an urgent scientific task.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.