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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-84-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-657</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАЩИТА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PROTECTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ И ВРЕДОНОСНОСТЬ МИКОЗОВ НА КУЛЬТУРЕ ЧЕСНОКА ОЗИМОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ МОСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HARMFULNESS OF MYCOSISS ON CULTURE OF GARLIC WINTER-ANNUAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середин</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seredin</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, с.н.с. лаб. селекции и семеноводства луковых культур </p><p>143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, пос. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д.14</p><p>Е-mail: vniissok@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, in agriculture, senior researcher </p><p>Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timofey-seredin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, с.н.с. лаб. селекции и семеноводства луковых культур </p><p>143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, пос. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д.14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, in agriculture, senior researcher </p><p>Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козарь</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozar</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий н.с. лаб. иммунитета и защиты растений </p><p>143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, пос. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д.14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, in agriculture, leading researcher </p><p>Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енгалычева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Engalycheva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, зав. лаб. иммунитета и защиты растений </p><p>143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, пос. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д.14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, in agriculture, head of the laboratory of immunity and plant protection </p><p>Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат с.-х. наук, н.с. лаб. селекции и семеноводства луковых культур </p><p>143072, Московская область, Одинцовский район, пос. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д.14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, in agriculture</p><p>Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Середин Т.М., Герасимова Л.И., Козарь Е.Г., Енгалычева И.А., Баранова Е.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Середин Т.М., Герасимова Л.И., Козарь Е.Г., Енгалычева И.А., Баранова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seredin T.M., Gerasimova L.I., Kozar E.G., Engalycheva I.A., Baranova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/657">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/657</self-uri><abstract><p>Одним из стрессовых факторов, снижающих урожайность и качество луковиц чеснока озимого (Allium sativum L.), является поражение болезнями различной этиологии. Целью исследований было изучение влияния факторов внешней среды и устойчивости генотипа на распространенность болезней на посадках чеснока озимого и степени их вредоносности в условиях Московской области; оценка коллекционных и селекционных образцов чеснока озимого и выявление среди них устойчивых к наиболее экономически значимым болезням. Объектом исследований являлись сорта и коллекционные образцы чеснока озимого из коллекций Федерального научного центра овощеводства (ФНЦО) и других селекционных учреждений. Полевые опыты и оценку проводили на естественном инфекционном фоне в течение ряда лет. В результате установлено, что в условиях Московской области в период вегетации растения чеснока озимого преимущественно поражаются грибными болезнями (микозами), среди которых доминирующую позицию занимает фузариоз (микромицеты рода Fusarium spp). Поражение чеснока фузариозом проявляется ежегодно и с разной интенсивностью, в зависимости от погодных условий. Анализ литературы и результаты наших исследований показывают, что число и соотношение видов Fusarium spp. в патогенном комплексе в последние годы меняется. Регистрируются виды, ранее не отмеченные на культуре чеснока в Московской области (с 2009 года – F. avenacium, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans и F. semitectum; с 2017 года – F. gibbosum и F. nivale). В комплексе с высоко агрессивными видами: F. solani и F. oxysporum, они усиливают вредоносность фузариозного увядания и гнилей. Грибы рода Alternaria и другие микромицеты родов Stemfillium, Pythium, Embilisia, Verticillum, Cladosporium в условиях Московской области встречаются преимущественно в комплексе с Fusarium. Серая гниль (возбудитель – Botrytis allii L.) чаще проявляется во время хранения и транспортировки луковиц чеснока. Эти микромицеты усиливают вредоносность фузариоза и увеличивают потери урожая чеснока озимого, особенно, в условиях резких колебаний среднесуточных температур и влажности почвы в разные периоды вегетации. В статье приведены результаты многолетней оценки, выделены сорта и перспективные коллекционные образцы чеснока озимого, наиболее устойчивые к поражению болезнями в условиях меняющегося климата зоны Нечерноземья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of stressful factors the reducing harvest and quality of bulbs of garlic winter (Allium sativum L.) defeat is diseases of various etiology. Studying of influence of factors of the external environment and stability of a genotype on prevalence of diseases on landings of garlic winter and degree of their injuriousness in the conditions of the Moscow region was the purpose of researches; assessment of collection and selection samples of garlic winter and identification among them steady against the most economically significant diseases. Object of researches were grades and collection samples of garlic of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, winter from collections, and other selection institutions. Field experiments and assessment were carried out on a natural infectious background for a number of years. It is as a result established that in the conditions of the Moscow region during vegetation of a plant of garlic winter mainly are surprised mushroom diseases (mycoses) among which the dominating position is taken by fusariosis (micromycetes of the sort Fusarium spp). Defeat of garlic fusariosis is shown annually and with different intensity, depending on weather conditions. The analysis of literature and results of our researches show that number and a ratio of types of Fusarium spp. in a pathogenic complex changes in last years. The types which are earlier not noted on the culture of garlic in the Moscow region (since 2009 – F. avenacium, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. semitectum are registered; since 2017 – F. gibbosum and F. nivale). In a complex with highly aggressive types of F. solani and F. oxysporum they enhance injuriousness of fuzariosis withering and rots. Mushrooms of the sort Alternaria and other micromycetes of the sorts Stemfillium, Pythium, Embilisia, Verticillum, Cladosporium in the conditions of the Moscow region meet mainly in a complex Fusarium. Gray rot (the activator – Botrytis allii L.) it is more often shown in storage time and transportations of bulbs of garlic. These micromycetes enhance injuriousness of fusariosis and increase losses of a harvest of garlic winter, especially, in the conditions of sharp fluctuations of average daily temperatures and humidity of the soil during the different periods of vegetation. Results of long-term assessment are given in article, grades and perspective collection samples of garlic winter the steadiest against defeat with diseases in the conditions of the changing climate of a zone of Non-Black Earth Region are allocated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чеснок озимый</kwd><kwd>луковица</kwd><kwd>болезни</kwd><kwd>фитопатогены</kwd><kwd>микозы</kwd><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>вредоносность</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к болезням</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>garlic winter</kwd><kwd>bulb</kwd><kwd>diseases</kwd><kwd>phytopathogens</kwd><kwd>mycoses</kwd><kwd>Fusarium</kwd><kwd>harmfulness</kwd><kwd>resistance to diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахатов А.К., Джалилов Ф.С., Белошапкина О.О., Стройков Ю.М. 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