ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2018-3-93-98ovoshchi-566Research ArticleАГРОХИМИЯAGROCHEMISTRYИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ АРБУСКУЛЯРНЫХ МИКОРИЗНЫХ ГРИБОВ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ ЛУКОВЫХ КУЛЬТУРUTILIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN PRODUCTION OF ALLIUM SPECIESКарузоД.CarusoG.

Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор

ГолубкинаН. А.GolubkinaN. A.

Доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник лабораторно-аналитического центра

143072, Московская обл., Одинцовский р-н, п. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д. 14

Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072

segolubkina45@gmail.comСерединТ. М.SeredinТ. M.

Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник лаб. селекции и семеноводства луковых культур

143072, Московская обл., Одинцовский р-н, п. ВНИИССОК, ул. Селекционная, д. 14

Selectionnaya str., 14, p. VNIISSOK, Odintsovo district, Moscow region, 143072

СеллиттоВ. М.SellittoV. М.

Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук

Неаполитанский Университет им Федерико IIИталияDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico IIItalyФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»РоссияFSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable CenterRussian FederationБиотех.,Ларино, КампобассоИталияMs biotech S.p.A., Larino, CampobassoItaly201825072018039398Copyright © Карузо Д., Голубкина Н.А., Середин Т.М., Селлитто В.М., 20182018Карузо Д., Голубкина Н.А., Середин Т.М., Селлитто В.М.Caruso G., Golubkina N.A., Seredin Т.M., Sellitto V.М.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/566

Основополагающим направлением развития современного сельского хозяйства является разработка и использование технологий, обеспечивающих экологическую безопасность, высокие показатели продуктивности растений и качества последних. В связи с этим крайне актуальным являются вопросы оптимизации минерального питания и водообеспечения, повышения иммунитета и защиты растений от различных форм биотических и абиотических стрессов без значимой нагрузки на окружающую среду. Нормальный рост и развитие практически всех растений суши зависит от наличия в почве микоризных грибов, обеспечивающих оптимальное питание растений и снабжение водой за счет огромного количества гифов. В обзоре обсуждаются перспективы применения арбускулярных микоризных грибов при выращивании растений рода Allium, как наиболее отзывчивых растений к воздействию микоризы в связи с малоразвитой корневой системой, затрудняющей питание растений. Отмечается возможность снижения количества используемых удобрений, гербицидов и инсектицидов, необходимых для высокой продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур благодаря использованию арбускулярно-микоризных грибов. В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы особенностей симбиотических взаимосвязей разных видов микоризных грибов (чистых и смешанных культур, преимущественно рода Glomus) с разными видами луковых культур (лук репчатый, чеснок, шаллот, лук порей, A. roylei, A. fistulosum, A. galanthum), обсуждаются вопросы изменения качества продукции под действием микоризы. Приводятся данные влияния климатических условий на эффективность применения арбускулярно-микоризных грибов. Отмечается возможность повышения эффективности биофортификации растений рода Allium селеном при использовании арбускулярно-микоризных грибов, а также увеличение содержания биологически активных серу-содержащих соединений в чесноке. Особое внимание уделяется факту отсутствия препаратов арбускулярно-микоризных грибов в России.

The fundamental direction of modern agriculture development is elaboration and utilization of technologies that ensure environmental safety, high plant productivity and quality of crop production. In this connection, the issues of optimization of mineral nutrition and water supply, immunity enhancement and protection of plants against various forms of biotic and abiotic stresses without significant environmental stress are of current interest. Normal growth and development of almost all plants on the Earth depends on the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, which ensure optimal plant nutrition and water supply due to the huge number of hyphae. The review discusses the prospects for the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of Allium species, as the most responsive plants to the effects of mycorrhizae due to the poorly developed root system that hinders the nutrition of plants. It is noted that utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may provide the reduction of the amount of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides needed for high productivity of crops. The review deals with the peculiarities of symbiotic interrelations of different species of mycorrhizal fungi (pure and mixed cultures, mainly of the genus Glomus) with different Allium species (onion, garlic, shallot, leek, A. roylei, A. fistulosum, A. galanthum). Questions of agricultural crops quality as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungy are discussed. Data on the effect of climatic conditions on the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi utilization in Allium production are discussed. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of biofortification of Allium species with selenium via utilization of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi is noted, as well as an increase in the content of biologically active sulfur-containing compounds in garlic. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi preparations in Russia – the country not using this ecologically friendly technology at present.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.