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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2026-3-120-132</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-3006</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, АГРОПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ, ЗАЩИТА И КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGROCHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE, PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биологические особенности Fusarium verticillioides и оптимизация методов оценки устойчивости перца сладкого к фузариозному увяданию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological characteristics of Fusarium verticillioides and optimization of methods for assessing pepper resistance to Fusarium wilt.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-111X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енгалычева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Engalycheva</surname><given-names>I. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Александровна Енгалычева кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. лаб. молекулярно-иммунологических исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Engalycheva Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory Molecular Immunological Research</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-9938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролова</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolova</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Леонидовна Фролова младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярно-иммунологических исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana L. Frolova Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Immunological Research</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-0817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каменева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kameneva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Валерьевна Каменева младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярно-иммунологических исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina V. Kameneva Junior Researcher of the Laboratory Molecular Immunological Research</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-2565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слетова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sletova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Евгеньевна Слетова кандидат с.-х.наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярно-иммунологических исследований</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria E. Sletova Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory Molecular Immunological Research</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (ФГБНУ ФНЦО)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Енгалычева И.А., Фролова С.Л., Каменева А.В., Слетова М.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Енгалычева И.А., Фролова С.Л., Каменева А.В., Слетова М.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Engalycheva I.А., Frolova S.L., Kameneva A.V., Sletova M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/3006">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/3006</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Повышение эффективности селекционного процесса перца на устойчивость к фузариозному увяданию, вызываемому Fusarium verticillioides , требует изучения биологических особенностей патогена и условий реализации патогенеза согласно концепции классического эпифитотического треугольника. Учет этих взаимосвязей важен для разработки воспроизводимых и информативных методов оценки селекционного материала. Цель. Изучить влияние температурного режима и состава питательных сред на вегетативный рост F. verticillioides , а также оптимизировать ключевые элементы протокола искусственной инокуляции для ускоренной оценки устойчивости селекционных линий перца. Материалы и методы. В работе исследовали три изолята F. verticillioides с контрастной агрессивностью. Оценку скорости радиального роста проводили in vitro на средах PDA, ОА, Czapek и SNA в диапазоне температур 10–40 °С. Патогенность тестировали in vivo на сеянцах пяти линий перца при 25, 28 и 30 °С. Дополнительно сравнивали два метода инокуляции: с механическим перемешиванием (орбитальный шейкер, 100 об/мин) и в статических условиях. Результаты. Внутри популяции F. verticillioides выделены контрастные по патогенности классы: высокоагрессивные (ВА, 46%), умеренно агрессивные (УА, 27%) и слабоагрессивные (СА, 27%). Установлена прямая корреляция между скоростью радиального роста (VR) и агрессивностью: ВА-изоляты росли в 1,7–1,9 раза быстрее СА (VR 13,0 против 7,6 мм/сут). Температурный оптимум роста высокоагрессивного изолята in vitro (VR 12,8 мм/сут) и патогенеза in vivo (I=3,4 балла) совпал и составил 28 °С. Однако при 30 °С, несмотря на сохранение высокого роста in vitro (VR 10,3–11,8 мм/сут), патогенез in vivo достоверно снизился до 1,9 балла. Двухфакторный ANOVA показал, что на 7-е сутки метод инокуляции (с шейкером) определял 31,6% дисперсии, а к 14-м суткам доминировал генотип (40,6%). Применение орбитального шейкера позволило ускорить патогенез и проявление симптомов, сократив срок достоверной оценки с 14 до 7 суток, что обеспечило возможность ускоренного скрининга. Заключение. Интеграция знаний о биологических особенностях патогена в методику эксперимента позволила усовершенствовать элементы протокола искусственного заражения. Использование данных элементов позволило существенно сократить сроки скрининга и повысить надежность оценки устойчивости перца к фузариозному увяданию, что важно для ускорения селекционного процесса. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Improving the efficiency of the pepper breeding process for resistance to fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium verticillioides , requires studying the biological characteristics of the pathogen and the conditions for pathogenesis development according to the concept of the classical disease triangle. Taking these relationships into account is essential for developing reproducible and informative methods for evaluating breeding material. Purpose. To study the effect of temperature regime and nutrient medium composition on the vegetative growth of F. verticillioides , as well as to optimize key elements of the artificial inoculation protocol for accelerated evaluation of resistance in pepper breeding lines. Materials and methods. The study examined three F. verticillioides isolates with contrasting aggressiveness. The radial growth rate was assessed in vitro on PDA, OA, Czapek, and SNA media in the temperature range of 10-40 °C. Pathogenicity was tested in vivo on seedlings of five pepper lines at 25, 28, and 30°C. Additionally, two inoculation methods were compared: with mechanical stirring (orbital shaker, 100 rpm) and under static conditions. Results. Within the F. verticillioide s population, contrasting classes of pathogenicity were identified: highly aggressive (HA, 46%), moderately aggressive (MA, 27%), and weakly aggressive (WA, 27%). A direct correlation was established between the radial growth rate (VR) and aggressiveness: HA isolates grew 1,7-1,9 times faster than WA isolates (VR 13,0 vs. 7,6 mm/day). The temperature optimum for the growth of the highly aggressive isolate in vitro (VR 12,8 mm/day) and pathogenesis in vivo (I=3,4 points) coincided and was 28 °C. However, at 30°C, despite maintaining high growth in vitro (VR 10,3-11,8 mm/day), pathogenesis in vivo significantly decreased to 1,9 points. Two-way ANOVA showed that on day 7, the inoculation method (with shaker) accounted for 31,6% of the variance, while by day 14, the genotype dominated (40,6%). The use of an orbital shaker allowed accelerating pathogenesis and symptom manifestation, reducing the period of reliable evaluation from 14 to 7 days, which provided the opportunity for accelerated screening.Conclusion. Integration of knowledge about the biological characteristics of the pathogen into the experimental methodology allowed improving the elements of the artificial infection protocol. The use of these elements made it possible to significantly reduce screening time and increase the reliability of evaluating pepper resistance to fusarium wilt, which is important for accelerating the breeding process. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перец сладкий</kwd><kwd> Capsicum annuum</kwd><kwd>Fusarium verticillioides </kwd><kwd>фузариозное увядание</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd><kwd>патогенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Capsicum annuum</kwd><kwd>Fusarium verticillioides</kwd><kwd>fusarium wilt</kwd><kwd>pathogenicity</kwd><kwd>phylogeny.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследования выполнены в рамках Государственного задания FGGF-20250003 «Разработка эффективных технологий предбридиногового скрининга и выделения генисточников для создания сортов и гибридов овощных и бахчевых культур с групповой устойчивостью к доминирующим фитопатогенам на основе иммунологических и молекулярно-генетических методов».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engalycheva I.A., Kozar E.G., Frolova S.L., Vetrova S.A., Tikhonova T.O., Dzhos E.A., Engalychev M.R., Chizhik V.K., Martynov V.V., et al. 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