ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2026-2-20-27ovoshchi-2916Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYМорфо-биологическая оценка образцов брокколи из коллекции ВИР в условиях Северо-Запада РоссииMorpho-biological evaluation of broccoli accessions from the VIR collection under the conditions of Northwestern Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-6704ФатеевД. A.FateevD. A.

Дмитрий Андреевич Фатеев – аспирант, научный сотрудник

190031, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Scopus ID: 57212166421

Dmitry A. Fateev – Postgraduate Student, Researcher

Bolshaya Morskaya st., 42, 44, St. Petersburg, 190031

Scopus ID: 57212166421, 

fateevdm1@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-5203АртемьеваA. М.ArtemyevaA. M.

Анна Майевна Артемьева – кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и.о. зав. отделом генетических ресурсов овощных и бахчевых культур

190031, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Scopus ID: 14014607500,

Anna M. Artemyeva – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Acting Head of the Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetable and Melon Crops

Bolshaya Morskaya st., 42, 44, St. Petersburg, 190031

Scopus ID: 14014607500

akme11@yandex.ruФГБНУ ФИЦ Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н. И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202603052026022027Copyright © Фатеев Д.A., Артемьева A.М., 20262026Фатеев Д.A., Артемьева A.М.Fateev D.A., Artemyeva A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2916Актуальность

Актуальность. Брокколи (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) представляет значительный интерес для овощеводства и селекции благодаря высокой пищевой и биологической ценности продукции. Для условий Северо-Запада России актуален поиск и выделение образцов, сочетающих скороспелость, стабильную урожайность, высокое качество товарной головки и ценный биохимический состав.

Цель исследования – комплексная оценка образцов из коллекции ВИР в почвенно-климатических условиях Северо-Запада России для выявления источников хозяйственно ценных признаков для дальнейшего использования в селекционных программах.

Материал и методика

Материал и методика. Исследования выполнены в НПБ «Пушкинские и Павловские лаборатории ВИР» (г. Пушкин, Ленинградская область) в 2016-2018 гг. Материалом послужили 40 образцов брокколи из коллекции ВИР различного эколого-географического происхождения. Полевые опыты были заложены в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями ВИР по изучению и поддержанию мировой коллекции капусты» (1988), «Методикой полевого опыта в овощеводстве» (2011). Биохимическую оценку головок в фазе технической спелости выполняли в отделе биохимии и молекулярной биологии ВИР. Статистическую обработку данных проводили с использованием MS Excel и Statistica 14.

Результаты

Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований установлена высокая изменчивость образцов брокколи по фенологическим, морфологическим и биохимическим признакам. Наиболее высокие коэффициенты вариации отмечены для признаков продуктивности: масса головки (Cv=54,75%), количество пасынков (Cv=71,37%), масса пасынков (Cv=72,73%). Установлена значительная изменчивость биохимического состава головок. Высокая изменчивость установлена по содержанию сахаров (Cv=59,5%) и растительных пигментов (Cv=41,97%), средняя – по содержанию аскорбиновой кислоты (Cv=27,08%). Выделены перспективные образцы для селекции по комплексу признаков: по продуктивности и параметрам головки (Marathon (F1), Comanche (F1), Senshi (F1), Decathlon (F1)); по устойчивости к расхождению головки – Senshi (F1); по повышенному содержанию аскорбиновой кислоты – Sureen, Cape Queen (F1), Emerald City (F1); по повышенному содержанию растительных пигментов – Coastle 87038.

Relevance

Relevance. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) is of considerable interest for vegetable production and breeding due to its high nutritional and biological value. For the North-West of Russia, the identification and selection of accessions combining earliness, stable yield, high marketable head quality, and a valuable biochemical profile is particularly relevant.

The aim of this study was a multi-year comprehensive evaluation of broccoli accessions from the VIR collection under the soil and climatic conditions of the North-West of Russia in order to identify sources of economically important traits for further use in breeding programs.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the “Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories” of VIR (Pushkin, Leningrad region, Russia) in 2016-2018. Forty broccoli accessions of diverse ecogeographical origins from the VIR collection were evaluated. Field trials were established in accordance with the VIR guidelines for studying and maintaining the world cabbage collection (1988) and the “Methodology of Field Experiments in Vegetable Production” (2011). Biochemical assessment of heads at the marketable (technical maturity) stage was performed at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of VIR. Statistical analyses were carried out using MS Excel and Statistica 14.

Results

Results. The evaluated broccoli accessions exhibited high variability in phenological, morphological, and biochemical traits. The highest coefficients of variation were observed for yield-related traits: head weight (CV=54,75%), number of side shoots (CV=71,37%), and side-shoot weight (CV=72,73%). Considerable variation was also recorded in head biochemical composition, with high variability for total sugars (CV=59,5%), ascorbic acid (CV=27,08%), and plant pigments (CV=41,97%). Promising accessions were identified for breeding based on a trait complex: for productivity and head characteristics –Marathon (F1), Comanche (F1), Senshi (F1), and Decathlon (F1); for resistance to head loosening – Senshi (F1); for elevated ascorbic acid content – Sureen, Cape Queen (F1), and Emerald City (F1); and for increased plant pigment content – Coastle 87038.

брокколиколлекция ВИРфенологияморфологиябиохимический составселекцияbroccoliVIR collectionphenologymorphologybiochemical compositionbreedingРабота выполнена в рамках государственной работы Фундаментальные и прикладные научные исследования в рамках реализации Программы фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук на 2013- 2020 годы, FGEM-2022-0003 Мировые ресурсы овощных и бахчевых культур коллекции ВИР: эффективные пути раскрытия эколого-генетических закономерностей формирования разнообразия и использования селекционного потенциалаThe work was carried out within the frame- work of the state project Fundamental and applied sci- entific research within the framework of the implemen- tation of the Program of fundamental scientific research of state academies of sciences for 2013- 2020, FGEM-2022-0003 World resources of vegetable and melon crops of the VIR collection: effective ways of revealing the ecological and genetic patterns of the formation of diversity and the use of breeding potentialReferencesJahangir M., Kim H.K., Choi Y.H., Verpoorte R. Health-affecting compounds in Brassicaceae. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2009;8(2):31-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00065.xJahangir M., Kim H.K., Choi Y.H., Verpoorte R. Health-affecting compounds in Brassicaceae. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2009;8(2):31-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2008.00065.xJeffery E.H., Brown A.F., Kurilich A.C., Keck A.S., Matusheski N., Klein B.P., Juvik J.A. Variation in content of bioactive components in broccoli. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2003;16(3):323-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00045-0Jeffery E.H., Brown A.F., Kurilich A.C., Keck A.S., Matusheski N., Klein B.P., Juvik J.A. Variation in content of bioactive components in broccoli. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2003;16(3):323-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-1575(03)00045-0Cartea M.E., Francisco M., Soengas P., Velasco P. Phenolic Compounds in Brassica Vegetables. Molecules. 2011;16(1):251-280. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16010251Cartea M.E., Francisco M., Soengas P., Velasco P. Phenolic Compounds in Brassica Vegetables. Molecules. 2011;16(1):251-280. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16010251Ilahy R., Tlili I., Pék Z., Montefusco A., Siddiqui M.W., Homa F., Hdider C., R'Him T., Lajos H., Lenucci M.S. Pre- and Post-harvest Factors Affecting Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020;7:147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00147Ilahy R., Tlili I., Pék Z., Montefusco A., Siddiqui M.W., Homa F., Hdider C., R'Him T., Lajos H., Lenucci M.S. Pre- and Post-harvest Factors Affecting Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2020;7:147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00147Traka M.H., Saha S., Huseby S., Kopriva S., Walley P.G., Barker G.C., Moore J., Mero G., van den Bosch F., Constant H., Kelly L., Schepers H., Boddupalli S., Mithen R.F. Genetic regulation of glucoraphanin accumulation in Beneforté broccoli. New Phytologist. 2013;198(4):1085-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12232Traka M.H., Saha S., Huseby S., Kopriva S., Walley P.G., Barker G.C., Moore J., Mero G., van den Bosch F., Constant H., Kelly L., Schepers H., Boddupalli S., Mithen R.F. Genetic regulation of glucoraphanin accumulation in Beneforté broccoli. New Phytologist. 2013;198(4):1085-1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12232Renaud E.N.C., Lammerts van Bueren E.T., Myers J.R., Paulo M.J., van Eeuwijk F.A., Zhu N., Juvik J.A. Variation in broccoli cultivar phytochemical content under organic and conventional management systems: implications in breeding for nutrition. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(7):e95683. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095683Renaud E.N.C., Lammerts van Bueren E.T., Myers J.R., Paulo M.J., van Eeuwijk F.A., Zhu N., Juvik J.A. Variation in broccoli cultivar phytochemical content under organic and conventional management systems: implications in breeding for nutrition. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(7):e95683. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095683Conversa G., Lazzizera C., Bonasia A., Elia A. Harvest Season and Genotype Affect Head Quality and Shelf-Life of Ready-to-Use Broccoli. Agronomy. 2020;10(4):527. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040527Conversa G., Lazzizera C., Bonasia A., Elia A. Harvest Season and Genotype Affect Head Quality and Shelf-Life of Ready-to-Use Broccoli. Agronomy. 2020;10(4):527. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040527Chen C.-C., Fu S.-F., Norikazu M., Yang Y.-W., Liu Y.-J., Ikeo K., Gojobori T., Huang H.-J. Comparative miRNAs analysis of Two contrasting broccoli inbred lines with divergent head-forming capacity under temperature stress. BMC Genomics. 2015;16:1026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2201-1Chen C.-C., Fu S.-F., Norikazu M., Yang Y.-W., Liu Y.-J., Ikeo K., Gojobori T., Huang H.-J. Comparative miRNAs analysis of Two contrasting broccoli inbred lines with divergent head-forming capacity under temperature stress. BMC Genomics. 2015;16:1026. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2201-1Vallejo F., Tomás-Barberán F.A., García-Viguera C. Effect of climatic and sulphur fertilisation conditions, on phenolic compounds and vitamin C, in the inflorescences of eight broccoli cultivars. European Food Research and Technology. 2003;216:395-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-003-0664-9Vallejo F., Tomás-Barberán F.A., García-Viguera C. Effect of climatic and sulphur fertilisation conditions, on phenolic compounds and vitamin C, in the inflorescences of eight broccoli cultivars. European Food Research and Technology. 2003;216:395-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-003-0664-9Witzel K., Kurina A.B., Artemyeva A.M. Opening the Treasure Chest: The Current Status of Research on Brassica oleracea and B. rapa Vegetables From ex situ Germplasm Collections. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021;12:643047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.643047.Witzel K., Kurina A.B., Artemyeva A.M. Opening the Treasure Chest: The Current Status of Research on Brassica oleracea and B. rapa Vegetables From ex situ Germplasm Collections. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2021;12:643047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.643047.Артемьева А.М., Чесноков Ю.В. Коллекция капусты ВИР: этапы формирования и изучения. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2012;16:1047-1060.Артемьева А.М., Чесноков Ю.В. Коллекция капусты ВИР: этапы формирования и изучения. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2012;16:1047-1060.Solovyeva A.E., Shelenga T.V., Konarev A.V., Kurina A.B., Kornyukhin D.L., Fateev D.A., Artemyeva A.M. Nutritional and biologically active compounds in Russian (VIR) Brassicaceae vegetable crops collection. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2021;45(5):541-556. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-2010-95.Solovyeva A.E., Shelenga T.V., Konarev A.V., Kurina A.B., Kornyukhin D.L., Fateev D.A., Artemyeva A.M. Nutritional and biologically active compounds in Russian (VIR) Brassicaceae vegetable crops collection. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2021;45(5):541-556. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-2010-95.Gadzhimustapaeva E.G., Soloveva A.E., Kurkiev K.U.Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) during the summer-autumn cultivation period in South Dagestan. Vestnik of the Russian agricultural SCIENCE. 2023;(1):53-57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/2500-2082/2023/1/53-57 https://www.elibrary.ru/oibnldGadzhimustapaeva E.G., Soloveva A.E., Kurkiev K.U.Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) during the summer-autumn cultivation period in South Dagestan. Vestnik of the Russian agricultural SCIENCE. 2023;(1):53-57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/2500-2082/2023/1/53-57 https://www.elibrary.ru/oibnldBoos G.V., Dzhokhadze T.I., Artemyeva A.M. Methodological guidelines for the study and maintenance of the world cabbage collection. L.: VIR, 1988. 117 p. (In Russ.)Boos G.V., Dzhokhadze T.I., Artemyeva A.M. Methodological guidelines for the study and maintenance of the world cabbage collection. L.: VIR, 1988. 117 p. (In Russ.)Ermakov A.I. Methods of biochemical study of plants. L., 1987. (In Russ.)Ermakov A.I. Methods of biochemical study of plants. L., 1987. (In Russ.)Wu X., Beecher G.r., Holden J.M., Haytowitz D.B., Gebhardt S.E., Prior R.L. Concentration of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption. J. Agric. Chem. 2006;54(11):4069- 4075. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060300lWu X., Beecher G.r., Holden J.M., Haytowitz D.B., Gebhardt S.E., Prior R.L. Concentration of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption. J. Agric. Chem. 2006;54(11):4069- 4075. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060300lFateev D.A., Artemyeva A.M. Molecular genetic characteristics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) from the VIR collection. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2020;181(3):91-99. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-91-99 https://www.elibrary.ru/igwfsFateev D.A., Artemyeva A.M. Molecular genetic characteristics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) from the VIR collection. Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding. 2020;181(3):91-99. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-91-99 https://www.elibrary.ru/igwfs

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.