ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2026-1-119-123ovoshchi-2884Research ArticleМЕЛИОРАЦИЯ, ВОДНОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО И АГРОФИЗИКАIRRIGATION ENGINEERING, WATER MANAGEMENT AND AGROPHYSICSВлияние защитных лесных насаждений на содержание углерода и азота в черноземах Каменной степиInfluence of forest shelterbelts on the soil carbon and nitrogen content in the chernozems of the Kamennaya steppehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8027-855XШешницанС. С.SheshnitsanS. S.

Сергей Сергеевич Шешницан – кандидат биол. наук, доцент

394087, г. Воронеж, ул. Тимирязева, 8

Sergey S. Sheshnitsan – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assistant Professor

Timiryazeva str., 8, Voronezh city, 394087

sheshnitsan@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-8106ГорбуноваН. С.GorbunovaN. S.

Надежда Сергеевна Горбунова – кандидат биол. наук, доцент

394087, г. Воронеж, ул. Тимирязева, 8

394018, г. Воронеж, Университетская пл., 1

Nadezhda S. Gorbunova – Cand. Sci (Biol.), Assistant Professor

Timiryazeva str., 8, Voronezh city, 394087

Universitetskaya square, 1, Voronezh city, 394018

bakhtin_2019@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-9267-5901БахтинА. М.BakhtinA. M.

Андрей Михайлович Бахтин – аспирант

394087, г. Воронеж, ул. Тимирязева, 8

Andrei M. Bakhtin – Postgraduate Student

Timiryazeva str., 8, Voronezh city, 394087

ФГБОУ ВО Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. МорозоваРоссияVoronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. MorozovRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова; ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет»РоссияVoronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. MorozovRussian Federation20262503202601119123Copyright © Шешницан С.С., Горбунова Н.С., Бахтин А.М., 20262026Шешницан С.С., Горбунова Н.С., Бахтин А.М.Sheshnitsan S.S., Gorbunova N.S., Bakhtin A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2884Актуальность

Актуальность. Защитные лесные насаждения в условиях степной зоны выполняют важную роль в стабилизации агроландшафтов, влияя на водный режим, гумусообразование и биогеохимический цикл почв. Однако вопросы их влияния на содержание углерода и азота в чернозёмах остаются недостаточно изученными.

Материал и методика

Материал и методика. Исследования проведены в ГПЗ «Каменная степь» по трансекте, заложенной через лесополосу и прилегающие пашни. Определяли содержание общего углерода и азота в почвенном профиле и их пространственное распределение в зависимости от рельефа и экспозиции склонов.

Результаты

Результаты. Показано, что лесополосы способствуют интенсивному накоплению органического вещества и формированию сильно гумусированных разновидностей чернозёмов. Среднее содержание общего углерода и азота под древесной растительностью достоверно превышает их уровень в агрочернозёмах. В пашнях отмечается усиленная минерализация органического вещества, вынос элементов с урожаем и деградация почв до среднегумусированных типов. Пространственное распределение углерода и азота определяется не только землепользованием, но и микрорельефом, направлением доминирующих ветров и условиями снегозадержания.

Заключение

Заключение. Защитные лесные насаждения в агроландшафте являются ключевым фактором поддержания плодородия чернозёмов и повышения их экологической устойчивости. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность сохранения и расширения системы лесополос как элемента устойчивого землепользования.

Relevance

Relevance. Forest shelterbelts in the steppe zone play a crucial role in stabilizing agrolandscapes by influencing the water regime, humus formation, and the biogeochemical cycle of soils. However, their impact on the carbon and nitrogen content of Chernozems remains insufficiently studied.

Methodology

Methodology. The research was conducted in the Kamennaya Steppe Nature Reserve along a transect crossing a forest shelterbelt and adjacent arable fields. Total carbon and nitrogen contents were determined within the soil profile, as well as their spatial distribution in relation to topography and slope exposure.

Results

Results. The results show that forest shelterbelts promote intensive organic matter accumulation and the development of highly humus-enriched Chernozems. Mean total carbon and nitrogen contents under forest vegetation significantly exceeded their levels in AgroChernozems. In contrast, arable soils were characterized by enhanced mineralization of organic matter, nutrient removal with crop harvests, and degradation to moderately humus-enriched types. The spatial distribution of carbon and nitrogen was influenced not only by land use but also by microrelief, prevailing wind directions, and snow accumulation conditions. Forest shelterbelts in agrolandscapes represent a key factor in maintaining the fertility of Chernozems and enhancing their ecological stability.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The findings emphasize the importance of preserving and expanding forest shelterbelt systems as an element of sustainable land use.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.