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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2025-6-169-175</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-2822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АГРОХИМИЯ, АГРОПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ, ЗАЩИТА И КАРАНТИН РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AGROCHEMISTRY, SOIL SCIENCE, PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности стрессовых реакций однодольных и двудольных растений в присутствии биодоступных соединений свинца на примере салата посевного (Lactuca sativa L.) и пшеницы яровой (Triticum aestivum  L.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of stress reactions of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants in the presence of bioavailable lead compounds by the example of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-450X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годяева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Godyaeva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Михайловна Годяева, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>факультет Почвоведение; географический факультет</p><p>119234; Ленинские горы, д.1, стр. 12; 109428; 1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5; Москва</p><p>IRID: 262604511, Scopus Author ID: 57208135257</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria M. Godyaeva, Postgraduate, Junior Researcher</p><p>Faculty of Soil Science; Geographical Faculty</p><p>119234; 1/12, Leninskie Gory; 109428; 5, 1st Institutsky passage; Moscow</p><p>IRID: 262604511, Scopus Author ID: 57208135257</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">airrune@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-8074</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парамонова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paramonova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Парамонова, кандидат биол. наук, старший преподаватель</p><p>факультет Почвоведение; кафедра радиоэкологии и экотоксикологии</p><p>119234; Ленинские горы, д.1, стр. 12; Москва</p><p>IRID: 1970010; ResearcherID: P-4569-2014; Scopus Author ID: 55337680800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Paramonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Lecturer</p><p>Faculty of Soil Science; Department of Radioecology and Ecotoxicology</p><p>119234; 1/12, Leninskie Gory; Moscow</p><p>IRID: 1970010; ResearcherID: P-4569-2014; Scopus Author ID: 55337680800</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tapara@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7946-5729</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорохов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorokhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артём Александрович Дорохов, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>109428; 1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5; Москва</p><p>Scopus AutorID: 57964553900</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem A. Dorokhov, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher </p><p>109428; 5, 1st Institutsky passage; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dorokhov-91@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-1039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широкова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Сергеевна Широкова, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>109428; 1-й Институтский проезд, дом 5; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria S. Shirokova, Postgraduate, Junior Researcher</p><p>109428; 5, 1st Institutsky passage; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m_shirokova98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University; Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Годяева М.М., Парамонова Т.А., Дорохов А.А., Широкова М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Годяева М.М., Парамонова Т.А., Дорохов А.А., Широкова М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Godyaeva M.M., Paramonova T.A., Dorokhov A.A., Shirokova M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2822">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2822</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Актуальность</title><p>   Актуальность. Возрастающий спрос на овощные культуры стимулирует развитие круглогодичного производства сельскохозяйственных культур, – в системах открытого и закрытого грунта. Однако техногенное загрязнение тяжелыми металлами, в частности свинцом, представляет серьезную угрозу для безопасности растениеводческой продукции. Свинец относится к приоритетным загрязнителям сельскохозяйственных почв и субстратов, поскольку даже при концентрациях до 50 мг/кг способен вызывать фитотоксичность и аккумулироваться в товарной части урожая.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В качестве модельных объектов исследования использовались салат посевной (Lactuca sativa L.) сорта Азарт и пшеница яровая (Triticum aestivum L.) сорта Иволга. Растения культивировали в гидропонной системе с использованием стерилизованного торфа в качестве субстрата. Ацетат свинца (Pb(CH3COO)2) вносили в трех вариантах концентраций: 0 (контроль), 25 и 50 мг/кг. Эксперимент проводили в трех повторностях. На 7-й и 45-й дни культивирования определяли биометрические параметры (сырую и сухую массу растений), содержание фотосинтетических пигментов (хлорофиллов a, b и каротиноидов), концентрацию свинца в корнях и надземных органах методом атомно-эмиссионной спектроскопии (ICP-AES), а также активность ключевых антиоксидантных ферментов – каталазы (CAT) и супероксиддисмутазы (SOD).</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. На начальном этапе эксперимента (7-й день) существенных различий по биометрическим показателям между однодольными и двудольными культурами не обнаружено. К 45-му дню при средней концентрации свинца снижение сырой массы пшеницы было на 4,9 % меньше по сравнению с салатом, при максимальной концентрации (50 мг/кг) депрессия роста салата достигла 29,7 %, тогда как у пшеницы показатели были значительно ниже. Анализ аккумуляции показал, что пшеница преимущественно локализует свинец в корневой системе, демонстрируя выраженную барьерную функцию, в то время как у салата распределение металла между корнями и побегами более равномерно. Исследование антиоксидантных ферментов выявило, что при усилении стресса активность CAT возрастает, а SOD снижается у обеих культур, при этом у салата преобладает активность CAT, а у пшеницы – SOD, что свидетельствует о сохранении ферментативного баланса и адаптивной регуляции уровня активных форм кислорода.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Relevance. The increasing demand for vegetable crops stimulates the development of their year-round production, including both open and protected ground systems. However, man-made pollution with heavy metals, in particular lead, poses a serious threat to the safety of crop production. Lead is one of the priority pollutants of agricultural soils and substrates, since even at concentrations up to 50 mg/kg it can cause phytotoxicity and accumulate in the commercial part of the crop.   Materials and Methods. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) of the Azart variety and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) of the Ivolga variety were used as model objects of research. The plants were cultivated in a hydroponic system using sterilized peat as a substrate. Lead Acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2) was applied in three con-centrations: 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg/kg. The experiment was carried out in three repetitions. On the 7th and 45th days of cultivation, biometric parameters (wet and dry plant mass), the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids), the concentration of lead in roots and aboveground organs were determined by atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), as well as the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD).   Results. At the initial stage of the experiment (day 7), no significant differences in biometric parameters were found between the cultures. By day 45, with an average concentration of lead, the decrease in the crude weight of wheat was 4.9 % less than in lettuce, with a maximum concentration (50 mg/kg), the lettuce growth depression reached 29.7 %, while in wheat the indicators were significantly lower. Accumulation analysis showed that wheat mainly localizes lead in the root system, demonstrating a pronounced barrier function, while lettuce has a more uniform distribution of metal between roots and shoots. The study of antioxidant enzymes revealed that, with increased stress, catalase activity increases and superoxide dismutase decreases in both crops, while lettuce is dominated by CAT activity and wheat by SOD, which indicates the preservation of enzymatic balance and adaptive regulation of the level of reactive oxygen species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелые металлы</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>каталаза</kwd><kwd>фитотоксичность</kwd><kwd>гидропоника</kwd><kwd>Lactuca sativa</kwd><kwd>Triticum aestivum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>catalase</kwd><kwd>phytotoxicity</kwd><kwd>hydroponics</kwd><kwd>Lactuca sativa</kwd><kwd>Triticum aestivum</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данное исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания FGUN-2025- 0003 и FGUN-2025-0008</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment FGUN-2025-0003 and FGUN-2025-0008</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar A., Prasad M.N.V. 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