ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2025-3-30-37ovoshchi-2681Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYГенетические ресурсы некоторых представителей рода Allium L.Genetic resources of some representatives of the genus Allium L.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-2157ИвановаМ. И.IvanovaM. I.

Мария Ивановна Иванова – доктор с.-х. наук, проф. РАН, гл. научный сотрудник

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Maria I. Ivanova – Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

vanova_170@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-0770ПоляковА. В.PolyakovA. V.

Алексей Васильевич Поляков – доктор биол. наук, профессор, гл. научный сотрудник

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexey V. Polyakov – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

КашлеваА. И.KashlevaA. I.

Анна Ивановна Кашлева – кандидат с.-х. наук, старший научный сотрудник

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Anna I. Kashleva – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center"Russian Federation202517072025033037Copyright © Иванова М.И., Поляков А.В., Кашлева А.И., 20252025Иванова М.И., Поляков А.В., Кашлева А.И.Ivanova M.I., Polyakov A.V., Kashleva A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2681

С древних времен виды рода Allium играли значительную роль в рационе человека, в традиционной медицине для лечения многих заболеваний и в официальной медицине в качестве сырья, а также лекарственных и профилактических средств. Фитохимические вещества, такие как сероорганические соединения, фенольные соединения, жирные кислоты и сапонины, связаны с антиоксидантными и противомикробными свойствами этих видов, среди многих других биологически активных веществ. Все части растения, включая луковицу, лист, псевдостебель, корень, цветок и семя, проявляют антиоксидантные свойства в анализах, проведенных в условиях in vitro. Характерные фитосоединения, которые способствуют противомикробной активности луковых культур, включают аллицин, аджоен, аллиловый спирт и некоторые диаллилсульфиды. Наночастицы, синтезированные с использованием видов Allium, также известны своими заметными противомикробными свойствами. Виды рода Allium являются продуктом с высокой пищевой ценностью, а благодаря вторичным метаболитам его также используют для защиты растений с помощью различных продуктов, созданных на основе его биологически активных компонентов. Представители рода Allium ценятся за их уникальный макроэлементный состав и используются в качестве популярных овощей и специй. В Российской Федерации существует значительное биологическое и морфологическое разнообразие культурных и диких видов лука. За последние несколько лет во ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО проведена обширная программа сбора и исследования представителей рода Allium. Установлена высокая морфологическая и биохимическая изменчивость изучаемых видов, что может быть использовано в селекционных программах и при выращивании сортов.

Since ancient times, species of the genus Allium have played a significant role in the human diet, in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and in official medicine as raw materials, as well as medicinal and prophylactic agents. Phytochemicals such as organosulfur compounds, phenolic compounds, fatty acids and saponins are associated with the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these species, among many other biologically active substances. All parts of the plant, including the bulb, leaf, pseudostem, root, flower and seed, exhibit antioxidant properties in in vitro assays. Characteristic phytocompounds that contribute to the antimicrobial activity of onion crops include allicin, ajoene, allyl alcohol and some diallyl sulfides. Nanoparticles synthesized using Allium species are also known for their notable antimicrobial properties. Allium species are a product with high nutritional value, and due to secondary metabolites, it is also used to protect plants with various products created on the basis of its biologically active components. Allium species are valued for their unique macroelement composition and are used as popular vegetables and spices. In the Russian Federation, there is significant biological and morphological diversity of cultivated and wild onion species. Over the past few years, an extensive program of collecting and studying Allium species has been carried out at VNIIO – a branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. High morphological and biochemical variability of the studied species has been established, which can be used in breeding programs and when growing varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.