ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2025-2-36-44ovoshchi-2610Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYПотенциал коллекции шпината ВИР для использования в селекцииPotential of the VIR Spinach collection for use in breedinghttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-1164-6030КиселевЕ. Г.KiselevE. G.

Евгений Геннадьевич Киселев – аспирант Отдела генетических ресурсов овощных и бахчевых культур ВИР

190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Evgenii G. Kiselev – Postgraduate Student of the Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetable and Melon Crops of VIR

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-7454СоколоваД. В.SokolovaD. V.

Диана Викторовна Соколова – кандидат биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела генетических ресурсов овощных и бахчевых культур, куратор коллекции свеклы и амаранта

190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Diana V. Sokolova – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetable and Melon Crops, Curator of the Beet and Amaranth Collection

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000

dianasokol@bk.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202518042025023644Copyright © Киселев Е.Г., Соколова Д.В., 20252025Киселев Е.Г., Соколова Д.В.Kiselev E.G., Sokolova D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2610Актуальность

Актуальность. Шпинат (Spinacia oleracea L.) экономически значимая овощная культура, выращиваемая во всем мире. Это однолетняя холодостойкая и скороспелая культура, культивируемая как в защищенном, так и в открытом грунте. Поэтому, существует потребность в большом разнообразии сортов и гибридов, приспособленных к конкретным условиям. В Государственном реестре селекционных достижений РФ содержится 67 сортов и гибридов шпината, из которых на долю иностранной гибридной селекции приходится 66%. Создание отечественных гибридов шпината осложняется недостатком хорошо изученного исходного материала: выровненных генотипов гиноэцичного типа, сочетающих высокую урожайность, скороспелость и богатый биохимический состав.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Генетическое разнообразие культуры - потенциал для селекционного использования и активного изучения в свете современных знаний и технологий. Собранная в Всероссийском институте генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) коллекция шпината, имеющая 90-летнюю историю, включает 744 образца и является самой большой в мире. Она уникальна по разнообразию и происхождению образцов.

Результаты

Результаты. В коллекции имеются высокоурожайные, скороспелые, поздно-зацветающие генотипы, создаются линии с преобладанием женского типа цветения, полиплоиды. Созданы признаковые группы по пластичности, высокому содержанию ценных биохимических веществ. В результате многолетнего всестороннего изучения коллекции шпината выделены генотипы, рекомендующиеся для включения в селекционные схемы.

Заключение

Заключение. Сохраняемый в институте разнообразный хорошо изученный генофонд шпината способен предоставлять неограниченные возможности для селекции и восполнять нужды населения страны, обогащая рацион богатой пигментами, лютеином и белком листовой культурой с высоким содержанием фенольных элементов и антиоксидантной активностью.

Relevance

Relevance. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is an economically important vegetable crop grown all over the world. This is an annual, cold-resistant and early-ripening crop, cultivated both in protected and open ground. Therefore, there is a need for a wide diversity of varieties and hybrids adapted to specific conditions. The State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation contains 67 varieties and hybrids of spinach, of which 66% are foreign hybrid selection. The creation of domestic spinach hybrids is complicated by the lack of well-studied initial material: aligned genotypes of the gynoecic type, combining high yield, early maturity and rich biochemical composition.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. Genetic diversity of crops – potential for breeding and active study in the light of modern knowledge and technologies. The spinach collection collected at the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), which has a 90- year history, includes 744 samples and is the largest in the world. It is unique in the diversity and origin of its accessions.

Results

Results. The collection contains high-yielding, early-ripening, late-blooming genotypes; lines with a predominance of the female type of flowering, polyploids are being created. Characteristic groups have been created based on plasticity and high content of valuable biochemicals. As a result of many years of comprehensive study of the spinach collection, the genotypes recommended for inclusion in breeding schemes were identified.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The diverse, well-studied gene pool of spinach preserved at the institute is capable of providing unlimited opportunities for breeding and meeting the needs of the country's population, enriching the diet with leafy crop rich in pigments, lutein and protein, with a high content of phenolic elements and antioxidant activity.

Spinacia L.разновидностисортотипыскороспелостьгенофондселекцияSpinacia L.varietiestypes of spinach varietiesearly ripeninggene poolbreedingРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания по проекту FGEM-2022-0003 «Мировые ресурсы овощных и бахчевых культур коллекции ВИР: эффективные пути раскрытия экологогенетических закономерностей формирования разнообразия и использования селекционного потенциала».The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment for the project FGEM-2022-0003 "World resources of vegetable and melon crops of the VIR collection: effective ways to reveal the ecological and genetic patterns of the formation of diversity and the use of breeding potentia.ReferencesRoberts J.L., Moreau R. Functional properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) phytochemicals and bioactives. Food & Function. 2016;7(8):3337–3353. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6fo00051gRoberts J.L., Moreau R. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.