ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2025-1-102-107ovoshchi-2555Research ArticleОБЩЕЕ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЕ И РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВОAGRICULTURE AND PLANT PRODUCTIONИсследование морфологических структур крахмальных гранул в клетке картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.) методом лазерной сканирующей конфокальной микроскопииStudying the morphological structures of starch granules in potato cells (Solanum tuberosum L.) using the method of confocal laser scanning microscopyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0656-0645КимИ. В.KimI. V.

Ирина Вячеславовна Ким – главный научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики болезней картофеля

692539, Приморский край, г. Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30

Irina V. Kim – Chief Researcher, Laboratory for Diagnostics of Potato Diseases

30, Volozhenina st., Timiryazevsky stl., Ussuriysk, Primorsky kray, 692539

kimira-80@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-9225ВолковД. И.VolkovD. I.

Дмитрий Игоревич Волков – заведующий отделом картофелеводства и овощеводства

692539, Приморский край, г. Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30

Dmitry I. Volkov – Head of the Potato and Vegetable Growing Department

30, Volozhenina st., Timiryazevsky stl., Ussuriysk, Primorsky kray, 692539

volkov_dima@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-3486КлыковА. Г.KlykovA. G.

Алексей Григорьевич Клыков – заведующий отделом селекции и биотехнологии сельскохозяйственных культур

692539, Приморский край, г. Уссурийск, пос. Тимирязевский, ул. Воложенина, 30

Aleksei G. Klykov – Head of Department, Department of Selection and Biotechnology Crops

30, Volozhenina st., Timiryazevsky stl., Ussuriysk, Primorsky kray, 692539

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Дальнего Востока им. А.К. Чайки»РоссияFederal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. ChaikiRussian Federation20251701202501102107Copyright © Ким И.В., Волков Д.И., Клыков А.Г., 20252025Ким И.В., Волков Д.И., Клыков А.Г.Kim I.V., Volkov D.I., Klykov A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2555Актуальность

Актуальность. Картофель является одним из основных источников крахмала. Картофельный крахмал широко используется в хозяйственной деятельности человека. Его содержание в клубнях, в том числе количество крахмальных гранул и их размер и величина, в большей степени сортовой признак. В связи с этим крайне важно на начальных этапах селекции выделить сорта с показателями крахмальных зёрен, пригодных для получения крахмала.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Цель исследования – изучить морфологическую структуру крахмальных гранул в клетке клубней сортов картофеля различных групп спелости. Объектом исследований служили 18 сортов картофеля (Solanum tuberosum L.) различного происхождения и групп спелости. Гранулометрический состав определяли методом флуоресцентной микроскопии. Исследования проводили с помощью конфокального лазерного сканирующего микроскопа CLSM 800 (Zeiss, Германия) с длиной волны возбуждающего лазера 488 нм.

Результаты

Результаты. Получены новые данные о морфологии крахмальных гранул в клетке, имеющих различную форму: округлую, овальную, удлиненную и неправильную. Установлена прямая связь между количеством крупных крахмальных зерен в клетке и сроком созревания генотипа. Показано, что сорта из среднеспелой и среднепоздней групп созревания более крахмалистые, чем сортообразцы из более ранних групп спелости. В среднем отличие по содержанию крахмала между этими группами составило 1.97 %. Наибольшее количество крахмальных зерен выявлено в клетке размером 40-70 мкм и более. Выделены генотипы Solanum tuberosum L. с крупными и мелкими крахмальными гранулами, которые рекомендуется использовать в практической селекции при создании сортов с высоким качеством.

Relevance

Relevance. Potato are one of the main sources of starch. Potato starch is widely used in human economic activities. The starch content in tubers, including the number of starch granules and their size and shape, are varietal characteristics. For this reason, it is important to identify potato varieties with starch grains suitable for starch production already at the early stages of breeding process.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. The Aim was to study the morphological structure of starch granules in cells of potato tubers belonging to varieties from different maturity groups. Eighteen potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.) of various breeding origin and from different maturity groups were used as the research object. The granulometric composition was determined by the method of fluorescent microscopy. The research was conducted using a CLSM 800 confocal laser scanning microscope (Zeiss, Germany) with a laser wavelength of 488 nm.

Results

Results. The research allowed us to obtain data on the morphology of variously-shaped starch granules in cells: round, oval, elongated, and irregular. The research established a direct correlation between the number of large starch grains in a cell and the time required for a given potato genotype to mature. Mid-season and medium late potato varieties were observed to have a higher starch content than varieties from the groups with earlier maturity. On average, the difference in the starch content between these groups was 1.97%. The highest number of starch grains was found in 40-70 μm cells and larger. The research identified Solanum tuberosum L. genotypes with large and small starch granules. These genotypes might be recommended for further use in the practical breeding to create high-quality varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.