ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2024-5-31-37ovoshchi-2490Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYСовременное состояние и открытые вопросы праймирования семян лука репчатогоCurrent state and open issues of priming onion seedshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-9459ЯнченкоА. В.YanchenkoA. V.

Алексей Владимирович Янченко – кандидат с.-х. наук, заведующий лабораторией физиологических основ семеноведения

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexey V. Yanchenko – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Physiological Foundations of Seed Science

500, Vereya, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-5390БухаровА. Ф.BukharovA. F.

Александр Федорович Бухаров – доктор с.-х. наук, главный научный сотрудник сектора семеноведения, Chief scientific sector of Seed Science,

Scopus ID 57193127775

Researcher ID J-6605-2018

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexander F. Bukharov – Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief scientific sector of Seed Science

500, Vereya, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-8667ФедосовА. Ю.FedosovA. Yu.

Александр Юрьевич Федосов – младший научный сотрудник сектора земледелия

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexander Yu. Fedosov – Junior Researcher, Agriculture Sector

500, Vereya, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-2157ИвановаМ. И.IvanovaM. I.

Мария Ивановна Иванова – доктор с.-х. наук, профессор РАН, главный научный сотрудник сектора селекции и семеноводства луковых культур

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Maria I. Ivanova – Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Sector of Breeding and Seed Production of Onion Crops

500, Vereya, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-8487МеньшихА. М.MenshikhA. M.

Александр Михайлович Меньших – кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник сектора земледелия

Researcher ID: J-4664-2018

Scopus ID: 57222652225

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Aleksandr M. Menshikh – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Agriculture Sector

500, Vereya, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-8419БеловаС. В.BelovaS. V.

Софья Викторовна Белова – младший научный сотрудник сектора агрохимии

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Sofya V. Belova – Junior Researcher, Agrochemistry Sector

500, Vereya, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center"Russian Federation202411102024053137Copyright © Янченко А.В., Бухаров А.Ф., Федосов А.Ю., Иванова М.И., Меньших А.М., Белова С.В., 20242024Янченко А.В., Бухаров А.Ф., Федосов А.Ю., Иванова М.И., Меньших А.М., Белова С.В.Yanchenko A.V., Bukharov A.F., Fedosov A.Y., Ivanova M.I., Menshikh A.M., Belova S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2490

Актуальность. В контексте изменения климата при выращивании лука репчатого необходимы инновационные решения, которые послужат основой для поддержки селекционеров и семеноводов и фермеров, в частности, касающиеся с важнейшего вопроса качества семян. Одним из методов, способствующим улучшению жизнеспособности семян, является праймирование, что приводит к быстрому и равномерному прорастанию и появлению всходов лука репчатого.Результаты. Праймирование семян лука репчатого может улучшить жизнеспособность, особенно в неблагоприятных условиях, таких как низкие/высокие температуры, недостаточное количество влаги, засоление. Это простое, недорогое и низкорисковое вмешательство, которое может стать полезной технологией для производителей лука репчатого и оказать положительное влияние за счет увеличения сроков прорастания семян, увеличения темпов развития растений, сокращения продолжительности уборки урожая и повышения урожайности. Данный метод распространен для семян редиса, томата, моркови и капусты и менее популярен для лука репчатого. В представленном обзоре приводится информация современных научно-технических достижений, которые на сегодняшний день способствовали повышению всхожести семян и увеличению силы роста растений лука репчатого. Для крупномасштабного коммерческого использования оптимальные методы и условия праймирования, адаптированные для различных сортов или партий семян, потребуют дальнейшей обширной экспериментальной деятельности. Не следует отрицать, что технология праймирования семян отличается простотой в эксплуатации, низкой стоимостью и высокой практической ценностью в промышленном и рыночном контексте. Можно предвидеть, что данная технология в будущем будет иметь более широкие перспективы в сельскохозяйственном производстве и экологическом строительстве. Кроме того, праймирование семян может эффективно восстанавливать или повышать их жизнеспособность, обеспечивать успешное сохранение ресурсов зародышевой плазмы и последующее развитие, особенно для семян лука репчатого, которые быстро теряют всхожесть. 

Relevance. In the context of climate change, onion cultivation has become a challenge and innovative solutions are needed to support breeders and seed producers as well as farmers, starting with critical issues of seed quality. Seed priming successfully improves seed viability, which leads to rapid and uniform germination and emergence of onion seedlings.Results. Priming onion seeds can improve viability, especially under unfavorable conditions such as low/high temperatures, reduced water availability and salinity. It is a simple, low-cost and low-risk intervention that can be a useful technology for farmers and have a positive impact on their livelihoods by increasing the rate of seed germination, increasing the rate of plant development, reducing harvest time and increasing yields. Although this method is common for radish, tomato, carrot and cabbage seeds, this method is less popular for onions. This review provides an up-to-date picture of the scientific and technological advances that have contributed to increasing seed germination and vigor in onion plants to date. For large-scale commercial use, optimal priming methods and conditions tailored to different varieties or seed lots will require further extensive experimental work. It cannot be denied that seed priming technology is characterized by ease of operation, low cost and high practical value in industrial and market contexts. It can be foreseen that this technology will have wider prospects in agricultural production and green building. In addition, seed priming can effectively restore or enhance seed viability and ensure successful retention of germplasm resources and subsequent development, especially for onion seeds that rapidly lose viability.

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