ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2024-2-37-42ovoshchi-2366Research ArticleСАДОВОДСТВО, ОВОЩЕВОДСТВО, ВИНОГРАДАРСТВО И ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫHORTICULTURE, VEGETABLE PRODUCTION, VITICULTURE AND MEDICINAL CROPSОсобенности биохимических показателей и элементного состава сортов салата Lactuca sativa L., выращенных из семян после длительного хранения на МКСPeculiarities of biochemical and mineral composition of lettuce Lactuca sativa L. grown from seeds after long-term storage in the International Space Stationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-9140ХарченкоВ. А.KharchenkoV. A.

Виктор Александрович Харченко, кандидат с.-х. наук, зав. лабораторией

лаборатория селекции и семеноводства зеленных, пряно-вкусовых и цветочных культур

143072; ул. Селекционная, д. 14; Московская область; Одинцовский район; ВНИИССОК

Viktor A. Kharchenko, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Head of Laboratory

Laboratory of Selection and Seed Production of Green, Spice-Flavoring and Flower Crops

143072; 14, Selectsionnaya str.; Moscow region; Odintsovo district; VNIISSOK

kharchenkoviktor777@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1803-9168ГолубкинаН. А.GolubkinaN. А.

Надежда Александровна Голубкина,  доктор с.-х. наук, главный научный сотрудник отдела

лабораторно-аналитический отдел

143072; ул. Селекционная, д. 14; Московская область; Одинцовский район; ВНИИССОК

Nadezhda А. Golubkina, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Head Researcher Department

Researcher of Laboratory-Analytical Department

143072; 14, Selectsionnaya str.; Moscow region; Odintsovo district; VNIISSOK

segolubkina45@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-1194СкрыпникЛ. Н.SkrypnikL. N.

Любовь Николаевна Скрыпник, доцент, кандидат биол. наук

ОНК «Институт медицины и наук о жизни»

236040; Калининград

Liubov N. Skrypnik, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Assistant Professor

Institute of Living Systems

236040; Kaliningrad

luba.skrypnik@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-6198МурариуО. К.MurariuO. C.

Отилия Кристина Мурариу, кандидат с.-х. наук, доцент

факультет пищевой технологии

700440; Яссы

Otilia Cristina Murariu, PhD, Assistant Professor

Department of food technology

700440; Iasi

otiliamurariu@uaiasi.rohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6981-852XКарузоД.CarusoG.

Джанлука Карузо, доктор с.-х. наук

факультет сельскохозяйственных наук

80055; Неаполь

Gianluca Caruso, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor of vegetable crops

Department of Agricultural Sciences

80055; Naples

gcaruso@unina.itФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC)Russian FederationБалтийский университет им. Иммануила КантаРоссияImmanuel Kant Baltic Federal UniversityRussian FederationЯсский Университет Естественных Наук Иона Ионеску де ла БрадаРумыния“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life SciencesRomaniaНеаполитанский университет им. Федерико IIИталияUniversity of Naples Federico IIItaly202426032024023742Copyright © Харченко В.А., Голубкина Н.А., Скрыпник Л.Н., Мурариу О.К., Карузо Д., 20242024Харченко В.А., Голубкина Н.А., Скрыпник Л.Н., Мурариу О.К., Карузо Д.Kharchenko V.A., Golubkina N.А., Skrypnik L.N., Murariu O.C., Caruso G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2366

   Хранение семян сельскохозяйственных растений в условиях космических станций является эффективным методом осуществления быстрой селекции растений на повышенную адаптационную способность, накопление биологически активных соединений и продуктивность. Изучены особенности биохимического и минерального состава (ИСП-МС) салата, выращенного в пленочной теплице из семян, хранившихся в течение года на Международной Космической Станции (МКС). Показана высокая межсортовая вариабельность в отзывчивости салата на воздействие микрогравитации и космического излучения по показателям урожая, биометрических показателей, антиоксидантного статуса и минерального состава растений. Так, среди сортов Петрович, Синтез, Московский парниковый, Пикник, Кавалер и Букет опытные семена только первых 4-х сортов оказались всхожими. Урожайность достоверно повышалась у сорта Московский парниковый, а для сортов Петрович, Синтез и Пикник наблюдалась тенденция к снижению урожайности. Возрастание накопления фотосинтетических пигментов под действием космического стресса было выявлено у сорта Московский парниковый, и именно этот сорт отличался повышенным уровнем пролина в листьях и наименьшим содержанием МДА. Достоверного изменения других показателей антиоксидантного статуса растений, выращенных из космических семян, не наблюдалось, однако под действием микрогравитации и радиации значительно изменялся минеральный состав взрослых растений. Среди исследованных 23 элементов выявлено достоверное увеличение уровней ванадия, селена, железа и хрома по сравнению с контрольными растениями. Установлены достоверные взаимосвязи между Ca, Sr, Cd, Co, Mg, Mo и Pb (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).

   Seed storage of agricultural crops in the conditions of International Space Station (ISS) is an effective method of quick plant breeding aimed to enhance the adaptability, and improve the biologically active compound accumulation and crop yield. Biochemical and mineral composition (ICP-MS) of lettuce grown in greenhouse from seeds stored for one year at the ISS was assessed. High varietal differences in lettuce tolerance to the effect of micro-gravity and radiation were evaluated using the values of yield, biometrical parameters, antioxidant status and plant mineral composition. Among the cultivars studied, i.e. Petrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy, Picnic, Cavalier and Bouquet, only the cvs. Retrovich, Synthesis, Moskovsky parnikovy and Picnik retained seed viability. Significant yield increase was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy, while the cvs. Petrovich, Synthesis and Picnic demonstrated a tendency to the yield decrease. Improvement of photosynthetic pigment accumulation due to seed space storage was recorded for the cv. Moskovsky parnikovy and, particularly, the latter cultivar differed from the other cvs. due to the significantly higher proline level and lower MDA levels in leaves. Though space stress did not cause any significant decrease in antioxidant accumulation of plants, the latter demonstrated valuable changes in mineral composition. Among the 23 elements tested, V, Se. Fe and Cr showed higher concentrations compared to those in the control plants. Positive correlations between Ca, Sr, Cd, Cp, Mg, Mo and Pb were recorded (r > 0.9; p < 0.001).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.