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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ovoshchi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Овощи России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vegetable crops of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-9146</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18619/2072-9146-2023-05-28-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ovoshchi-2236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прайминг – инновационное развитие методологии подготовки семян к посеву (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Priming – innovative development of methodology preparation of seeds for sowing (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1031-9459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Янченко – кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Yanchenko – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Sci.,Leading Researcher</p><p>p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laboratoria2008@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-5390</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухаров</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukharov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Федорович Бухаров – доктор с.-х. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500</p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander F. Bukharov – Doc. Sci. (Agriculture)</p><p>p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">afb56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-8667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedosov</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Юрьевич Федосов – младший научный сотрудник</p><p>140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Yu. Fedosov – Junior Researcher</p><p>p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ffed@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Янченко А.В., Бухаров А.Ф., Федосов А.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Янченко А.В., Бухаров А.Ф., Федосов А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yanchenko A.V., Bukharov A.F., Fedosov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2236">https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2236</self-uri><abstract><p>Показано развитие классических приемов намачивания и подращивания семян до метода гидропраймирования и дальнейшее его совершенствование на основе внедрения новых знаний и комплексных подходов. Праймирование – это контролируемая гидратация семян (насыщение ограниченным количеством воды), вызывающая активацию метаболизма, инициацию прорастания (не допуская появление корешка) и обеспечивая последующую обратимость этого процесса (путем подсушивания) с сохранением стимулирующего эффекта. Основоположником метода (предпосевного закаливания по терминологии автора) по праву можно считать П.А. Генкеля, который представил тщательное теоретическое обоснование и подробное экспериментальное подтверждение эффективности предпосевного намачивания и последующего подсушивания (часто многократного) для повышения засухоустойчивости и солеустойчивости растений. Для комплекса методов воздействия на семена воды и растворов осмотиков У. Хайдекер предложил термин затравка (priming), который широко распространен в англоязычной, но поначалу не прижился в отечественной литературе. Дана характеристика внутренних причин снижения жизнеспособности семян, связанных прежде всего, с процессом старения, в ходе которого происходит истощение запасов питательных веществ, накопление ингибиторов роста, мутагенов, активных форм кислорода и других вредных веществ, денатурация белков и нуклеиновых кислот, окисление ненасыщенных липидов и внешних (абиотических и биотических), и их взаимодействия. В статье изложены сведения об агентах и способах, технических решениях и технике праймирования. Описаны роль воды, условия, факторы, параметры, фундаментальные морфо-анатомическое, физиологическое и биохимическое обоснование процесса прорастания. Изложены недостатки праймирования, пути их преодоления на основе углубленного изучения метаболических процессов, происходящих в процессе праймирования и последующего прорастания, для понимания механизмов повышения посевных и продуктивных свойств семян. Отмечена необходимость максимального расширения практики применения праймирования, особенно в сложных экологических условиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The development of classical methods of soaking and growing seeds to the method of hydropriming and its further improvement based on the introduction of new knowledge and integrated approaches are shown. Priming is a controlled hydration of seeds (saturation with a limited amount of water), which causes the activation of metabolism, the initiation of germination (preventing the appearance of a root) and ensuring the subsequent reversibility of this process (by drying) while maintaining a stimulating effect. P.A. Genkel, who presented a thorough theoretical justification and detailed experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of pre-sowing soaking and subsequent drying (often multiple times) to increase drought and salt tolerance of plants. For a complex of methods for influencing seeds with water and osmotic solutions, W. Heidecker proposed the term priming, which is widely used in the English language, but at first did not take root in Russian literature. The characteristic of the internal reasons for the decrease in the viability of seeds, associated primarily with the aging process, during which the depletion of nutrient reserves, the accumulation of growth inhibitors, mutagens, reactive oxygen species and other harmful substances, the denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids, the oxidation of unsaturated lipids and external (abiotic and biotic), and their interactions. The article provides information about agents and methods, technical solutions and priming techniques. The role of water, conditions, factors, parameters, fundamental morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical substantiation of the germination process are described. The shortcomings of priming and ways to overcome them are outlined on the basis of an in-depth study of the metabolic processes occurring in the process of priming and subsequent germination in order to understand the mechanisms for increasing the sowing and productive properties of seeds. The necessity of maximizing the practice of applying priming, especially in difficult environmental conditions, was noted.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экологический стресс</kwd><kwd>качество семян</kwd><kwd>методы праймирования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environmental stress</kwd><kwd>seed quality</kwd><kwd>priming methods</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жученко А.А. Адаптивное растениеводство (Эколого-генетические основы). - М.: Изд-во «Агрорус». 2000. 813 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuchenko A.A. 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