ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2022-6-40-45ovoshchi-2068Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ, СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBREEDING, SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYТехнологии точного земледелия в овощеводствеPrecision farming technologies in vegetable growinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-8667ФедосовА. Ю.FedosovA. Yu.

Александр Юрьевич Федосов – младший научный сотрудник отдела технологий и инноваций

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexander Yu. Fedosov – Junior Researcher, Technology and Innovation Department

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

ffed@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-8487МеньшихА. М.MenshikhA. M.

Александр Михайлович Меньших – кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела технологий и инноваций

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Alexander M. Menshikh – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Technology and Innovation Department

p. 500, Vereya village, Ramensky district, Moscow region, 140153

soulsunnet@gmail.comВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center" (FSBSI FSVC)Russian Federation202207122022064045Copyright © Федосов А.Ю., Меньших А.М., 20222022Федосов А.Ю., Меньших А.М.Fedosov A.Y., Menshikh A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/2068

Технологии точного земледелия могут помочь смягчить воздействие сельского хозяйства на окружающую среду за счет сокращения использования удобрений и орошения при одновременном снижении затрат. В технологии точного земледелия в овощеводстве используются система географического позиционирования (GPS), географическая информационная система (GIS), искусственный интеллект (IoT), робототехника, сенсорные технологии, редактирование генома на основе данных и т.д., чтобы улучшить производство и качество овощей. Цифровое секвенирование генома, разработанное за последнее десятилетие, значительно сократило затраты и время, необходимые для картирования ДНК растений и других организмов. Цифровые методы секвенирования генома генерируют огромные объемы данных о последовательностях генома, которые, в свою очередь, помогают в селекции растений для конкретных полевых условий или желаемых признаков. Это сохраняет отличные перспективы для выращивания овощных культур в рамках нынешнего сценария земледелия, когда изменение климата заставляет переосмыслить всю практику ведения сельского хозяйства. В этой статье содержится полезная информация о технологиях точного земледелия для овощеводов, энтузиастов, фермеров и исследователей. Экономические факторы являются важными движущими силами и препятствиями для внедрения технологий. Практическая значимость новых технологий, предоставляемых посредством коммуникации и образования, имеет дополнительный потенциал с точки зрения их продвижения. 

Precision farming technologies can help mitigate the environmental impact of agriculture by reducing the use of fertilizers and irrigation while reducing costs. Vegetable precision farming technology uses geographic positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS), artificial intelligence (IoT), robotics, sensor technology, data-based genome editing, etc. to improve the production and quality of vegetables. Digital genome sequencing, developed over the past decade, has greatly reduced the cost and time required to map the DNA of plants and other organisms. Digital genome sequencing methods generate vast amounts of genome sequence data, which in turn aid in plant breeding for specific field conditions or desired traits. This maintains excellent prospects for growing vegetables in the current farming scenario, when climate change is forcing a rethink of all agricultural practices. This article provides useful information about precision farming technologies for vegetable growers, enthusiasts, farmers and researchers. Economic factors are important drivers and barriers to technology adoption. The practical significance of new technologies provided through communication and education has additional potential in terms of their promotion. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.