ovoshchiОвощи РоссииVegetable crops of Russia2072-91462618-7132Федеральный научный центр овощеводства10.18619/2072-9146-2022-3-44-49ovoshchi-1980Research ArticleСАДОВОДСТВО, ОВОЩЕВОДСТВО, ВИНОГРАДАРСТВО И ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ КУЛЬТУРЫHORTICULTURE, VEGETABLE PRODUCTION, VITICULTURE AND MEDICINAL CROPSДефицитное орошение овощных культурDeficient irrigation of vegetable cropshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-8667ФедосовА. Ю.FedosovA. Yu.

Александр Юрьевич Федосов – младший научный сотрудник

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Aleksandr Yu. Fedosov – Junior Researcher

500, Vereya, Ramensky urban district, Moscow region

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-8487МеньшихА. М.MenshikhA. M.

Александр Михайлович Меньших – кандидат с.-х. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник. Researcher ID: J-4664-2018, Scopus Author ID: 57222652225

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Aleksandr M. Menshikh – Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher. Researcher ID: J-4664-2018, Scopus Author ID 57222652225

500, Vereya, Ramensky urban district, Moscow region

soulsunnet@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7326-2157ИвановаМ. И.IvanovaM. A.

Мария Ивановна Иванова – главный научный сотрудник. Researcher ID: A-8536-2016, Scopus Author ID: 57205541331

140153, Московская область, Раменский район, д. Верея, стр. 500

Maria A. Ivanova – Doc. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher. Researcher ID: A-8536-2016, Scopus Author ID: 57205541331

500, Vereya, Ramensky urban district, Moscow region

ivanova_170@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт овощеводства – филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» (ВНИИО – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО)РоссияAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable CenterRussian Federation202223062022034449Copyright © Федосов А.Ю., Меньших А.М., Иванова М.И., 20222022Федосов А.Ю., Меньших А.М., Иванова М.И.Fedosov A.Y., Menshikh A.M., Ivanova M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vegetables.su/jour/article/view/1980

Вода является одним из основных факторов для производства овощных культур из-за ее решающей роли в поглощении и транспортировке питательных веществ, регулировании температуры и некоторых физиологических процессах, включая фотосинтез. Учитывая возрастающие потребности растущего населения в продуктах питания и питательных веществах, значительная часть сельскохозяйственных исследований сосредоточена на повышении эффективности использования (WUE – Water use efficiency) и экономии воды без снижения урожайности. Принимая во внимание сложность увеличения WUE посредством селекции из-за компромисса между фотосинтезом и транспирацией, необходимы агрономические стратегии. Из-за неглубокой корневой системы и продажи овощной продукции в свежем виде овощные культуры относительно более чувствительны к влаге, чем полевые культуры. Дефицитное орошение (DI – Deficit irrigation) – это прямой подход к экономии воды, заключающийся в сокращении полива для повышения продуктивности воды (WP – Water productivity). Регулируемый дефицитный полив (RDI – Regulated deficit irrigation) и частичное высушивание корневой зоны (PRD – Partial root drying) – два широко используемых метода планирования DI наряду с классическим подходом DI. Нами проведен анализ в рецензируемой литературе исследований, в которых сообщается о различиях в урожайности овощных культур, подвергающихся дефициту орошения. Поиск проводился в Google Scholar и Web of Science с использованием различных комбинаций следующих ключевых слов: урожайность овощных культур и дефицит орошения или нехватка влаги, или нехватка воды, или засуха. Умеренный уровень дефицита воды (<65% FI) оказывает неблагоприятное воздействие на урожайность овощных независимо от внешних факторов, таких как структура почвы, климат и система производства. Этот уровень орошения оправдан для регионов, где уже действуют или прогнозируются ограничения воды. Основываясь на приросте WP, такие низкие уровни орошения, как 35–50% FI для томата и перца, 50–65% для лука и <35% FI для баклажана и арбуза, являются оптимальными для районов с острой нехваткой воды. Тем не менее, более высокий дефицит воды может также иметь неблагоприятное влияние на качество с точки зрения уменьшения размера плодов/ корнеплодов/луковиц.

Water is one of the main factors for the production of vegetable crops due to its crucial role in the absorption and transport of nutrients, temperature regulation and some physiological processes, including photosynthesis. Considering the growing needs of a growing population for food and nutrients, a significant part of agricultural research is focused on improving the use efficiency (WUE - Water use efficiency) and saving water without reducing yields. Given the difficulty of increasing WUE through selection due to the tradeoff between photosynthesis and transpiration, agronomic strategies are needed. Due to the shallow root system and the fresh sale of vegetable products, vegetable crops are relatively more sensitive to moisture than field crops. Deficit irrigation (DI) is a direct approach to saving water by reducing irrigation to increase water productivity (WP - Water productivity). Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and partial root drying (PRD) are two widely used DI planning methods along with the classic DI approach. We searched the peer-reviewed literature for studies reporting yield differences in vegetable crops subjected to irrigation deficits. The search was conducted on Google Scholar and Web of Science using various combinations of the following keywords: vegetable crop yield and irrigation deficit or moisture shortage or water shortage or drought. Moderate levels of water stress (<65% FI) adversely affect vegetable yields regardless of external factors such as soil structure, climate and production system. This level of irrigation is justified for regions where water restrictions are already in place or forecast. Based on WP growth, irrigation levels as low as 35–50% FI for tomato and pepper, and 50–65% FI for onions and <35% FI for eggplant and watermelon are optimal for areas with severe water scarcity. However, a higher water deficit may also have an adverse effect on quality in terms of reduced fruit/root/bulb size.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.